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Guido Pennings [34]G. Pennings [6]
  1.  36
    The ethics of ectogenesis‐aided foetal treatment.Seppe Segers, Guido Pennings & Heidi Mertes - 2020 - Bioethics 34 (4):364-370.
    In this paper, we aim to stimulate ethical debate about the morally relevant connection between ectogenesis and the foetus as a potential beneficiary of treatment. Ectogenesis could facilitate foetal interventions by treating the foetus independently of the pregnant woman and provide easier access to the foetus if interventions are required. The moral relevance hereof derives from the observation that, together with other developments in genetic technology and prenatal treatment, this may catalyse the allocation of a patient status to the foetus. (...)
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  2.  50
    Getting what you desire: the normative significance of genetic relatedness in parent–child relationships.Seppe Segers, Guido Pennings & Heidi Mertes - 2019 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 22 (3):487-495.
    People who are involuntarily childless need to use assisted reproductive technologies if they want to have a genetically related child. Yet, from an ethical point of view it is unclear to what extent assistance to satisfy this specific desire should be warranted. We first show that the subjectively felt harm due to the inability to satisfy this reproductive desire does not in itself entail the normative conclusion that it has to be met. In response, we evaluate the alternative view according (...)
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  3.  61
    The Right to Know Your Genetic Parents: From Open-Identity Gamete Donation to Routine Paternity Testing.An Ravelingien & Guido Pennings - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics 13 (5):33-41.
    Over the years a number of countries have abolished anonymous gamete donation and shifted toward open-identity policies. Donor-conceived children are said to have a fundamental “right to know” the identity of their donor. In this article, we trace the arguments that underlie this claim and question its implications. We argue that, given the status attributed to the right to know one's gamete donor, it would be discriminatory not to extend this right to naturally conceived children with misattributed paternity. One way (...)
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  4.  60
    Ethics of modifying the mitochondrial genome.A. L. Bredenoord, W. Dondorp, G. Pennings & G. De Wert - 2011 - Journal of Medical Ethics 37 (2):97-100.
    Recent preclinical studies have shown the feasibility of specific variants of nuclear transfer to prevent mitochondrial DNA disorders. Nuclear transfer could be a valuable reproductive option for carriers of mitochondrial mutations. A clinical application of nuclear transfer, however, would entail germ-line modification, more specifically a germ-line modification of the mitochondrial genome. One of the most prominent objections against germ-line modification is the fear that it would become possible to alter ‘essential characteristics’ of a future person, thereby possibly violating the child's (...)
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  5.  39
    Assessing the normative significance of desire satisfaction.Seppe Segers, Guido Pennings & Heidi Mertes - 2022 - Metaphilosophy 53 (4):475-485.
    People have various desires, but it is a contested moral issue when a desire becomes of such importance that it legitimizes a moral claim on others. This paper explores how the normative significance of desire satisfaction can be assessed and argues that a normatively significant desire can constitute a pro tanto obligation to help satisfy it. The paper presents a framework that relates the normative significance of a given desire to the general goal of living a reasonably valuable life and (...)
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  6.  60
    Reproductive tourism as moral pluralism in motion.G. Pennings - 2002 - Journal of Medical Ethics 28 (6):337-341.
    Reproductive tourism is the travelling by candidate service recipients from one institution, jurisdiction, or country where treatment is not available to another institution, jurisdiction, or country where they can obtain the kind of medically assisted reproduction they desire. The more widespread this phenomenon, the louder the call for international measures to stop these movements. Three possible solutions are discussed: internal moral pluralism, coerced conformity, and international harmonisation. The position is defended that allowing reproductive tourism is a form of tolerance that (...)
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  7.  17
    Age-based restrictions on reproductive care: discerning the arbitrary from the necessary.Steven R. Piek, Guido Pennings & Veerle Provoost - 2024 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 45 (1):41-56.
    Policies that determine whether someone is allowed access to reproductive healthcare or not vary widely among countries, especially in their age requirements. This raises the suspicion of arbitrariness, especially because often no underlying justification is provided. In this article, we pose the question—under which circumstances is it morally acceptable to use age for policy and legislation in the first place? We start from the notion that everyone has a _conditional positive_ right to fertility treatment. Subsequently, we set off to formulate (...)
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  8.  81
    Open-Identity Sperm Donation: How Does Offering Donor-Identifying Information Relate to Donor-Conceived Offspring’s Wishes and Needs?An Ravelingien, Veerle Provoost & Guido Pennings - 2015 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 12 (3):503-509.
    Over the past years, a growing number of countries have legislated open-identity donation, in which donor-conceived offspring are given access to the donor’s identity once the child has reached maturity. It is held that donor anonymity creates identity problems for such children similar to the “genealogical bewilderment” described within the adoption context. The study of the social and psychological effects of open-identity donation is still very much in its infancy, but what has been left unquestioned is whether offering access to (...)
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  9.  22
    An ethical exploration of pregnancy related mHealth: does it deliver?Seppe Segers, Heidi Mertes & Guido Pennings - 2021 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 24 (4):677-685.
    Many pregnant women use pregnancy related mHealth applications, encompassing a variety of pregnancy apps and wearables. These are mostly directed at supporting a healthier fetal development. In this article we argue that the increasing dominance of PRmHealth stands in want of empirical knowledge affirming its beneficence in terms of improved pregnancy outcomes. This is a crucial ethical issue, especially in the light of concerns about increasing pressures and growing responsibilities ascribed to pregnant women, which may, in turn, be reinforced by (...)
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  10.  21
    Lowering the age limit of access to the identity of the gamete donor by donor offspring: the argument against.Guido Pennings - 2024 - Journal of Medical Ethics 50 (5):292-294.
    Countries that abolished donor anonymity have imposed age limits for access to certain types of information by donor offspring. In the UK and the Netherlands, a debate has started on whether these age limits should be lowered or abolished all together. This article presents some arguments against lowering the age limits as a general rule for all donor children. The focus is on whether one should give a child the right to obtain the identity of the donor at an earlier (...)
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  11.  38
    Embryonic Stem Cell–Derived Gametes and Genetic Parenthood: A Problematic Relationship.Heidi Mertes & Guido Pennings - 2008 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 17 (1):7-14.
    The recent success in generating live offspring from embryonic stem cell –derived gametes in mice sparked visions of growing tailor-made sperm for men faced with infertility. However, although this development will almost certainly lead to new insights into the processes underlying spermatogenesis and thus in the possible causes of male infertility, it is less certain if deriving sperm from ES cells, which are in turn derived from a sterile man, can make someone a genetic parent. As the gap between newly (...)
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  12.  65
    Governing the Postmortem Procurement of Human Body Material for Research.Kristof Van Assche, Laura Capitaine, Guido Pennings & Sigrid Sterckx - 2015 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 25 (1):67-88.
    Human body material removed post mortem is a particularly valuable resource for research. Considering the efforts that are currently being made to study the biochemical processes and possible genetic causes that underlie cancer and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, it is likely that this type of research will continue to gain in importance. However, post mortem procurement of human body material for research raises specific ethical concerns, more in particular with regard to the consent of the research participant. In this paper, (...)
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  13.  78
    The force of dissimilar analogies in bioethics.Heidi Mertes & Guido Pennings - 2011 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 32 (2):117-128.
    Although analogical reasoning has long been a popular method of reasoning in bioethics, current literature does not sufficiently grasp its variety. We assert that the main shortcoming is the fact that an analogy's value is often judged on the extent of similarity between the source situation and the target situation, while in (bio)ethics, analogies are often used because of certain dissimilarities rather than in spite of them. We make a clear distinction between dissimilarities that aim to reinforce a similar approach (...)
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  14.  27
    Modification of the Embryo's Genome: More Useful in Research Than in the Clinic.Heidi Mertes & Guido Pennings - 2015 - American Journal of Bioethics 15 (12):52-53.
  15.  23
    Central role of alturism in the recruitment of gamete donors.Guido Pennings - 2015 - Monash Bioethics Review 33 (1):78-88.
    This paper explores problems associated with using altruism as the central value in gamete donation, and in doing so draws on empirical data that sheds light on why gamete donors choose to donate. Donation of bodily material is, arguably, supposed to be motivated by altruism, and this is the view taken by many European governments. Other values are often ignored or rejected as morally inappropriate. This paper analyses some conceptual and practical problems with the use of altruism as the motivation (...)
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  16.  49
    Using stem cell-derived gametes for same-sex reproduction: an alternative scenario.Seppe Segers, Heidi Mertes, Guido Pennings, Guido de Wert & Wybo Dondorp - 2017 - Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (10):688-691.
    It has been suggested that future application of stem-cell derived gametes might lead to the possibility for same-sex couples to have genetically related children. Still, for this to become possible, the technique of gamete derivation and techniques of reprogramming somatic cells to a pluripotent state would have to be perfected. Moreover, egg cells would have to be derived from male cells and sperm cells from female cells, which is believed to be particularly difficult, if not impossible. We suggest a more (...)
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  17.  62
    In Vitro Gametogenesis and the Creation of ‘Designer Babies’.Seppe Segers, Guido Pennings, Wybo Dondorp, Guido de Wert & Heidi Mertes - 2019 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 28 (3):499-508.
    Abstract:Research into the development of stem cell-derived (SCD) gametes in humans, otherwise known asin vitrogametogenesis (IVG), is largely motivated by reproductive aims. Especially, the goal of establishing genetic parenthood by means of SCD-gametes is considered an important aim. However, like other applications in the field of assisted reproduction, this technology evokes worries about the possibility of creating so-called ‘designer babies.’ In this paper, we investigate various ways in which SCD-gametes could be used to create such preference-matched offspring, and what this (...)
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  18.  65
    May the Blessed Man Win: A Critique of the Categorical Preference for Natural Talent over Doping as Proper Origins of Athletic Ability.Pieter Bonte, Sigrid Sterckx & Guido Pennings - 2014 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 39 (4):368-386.
    Doping scandals can reveal unresolved tensions between the meritocratic values of equal opportunity + reward for effort and the “talentocratic” love of hereditary privilege. Whence this special reverence for talent? We analyze the following arguments: (1) talent is a unique indicator of greater potential, whereas doping enables only temporary boosts (the fluke critique); (2) developing a talent is an authentic endeavor of “becoming who you are,” whereas reforming the fundamentals of your birth suit via artifice is an act of alienation (...)
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  19.  36
    Having a child together in lesbian families: combining gestation and genetics.Guido Pennings - 2016 - Journal of Medical Ethics 42 (4):253-255.
  20.  35
    Navigating conflicts of reproductive rights: Unbundling parenthood and balancing competing interests.Dorian Accoe & Guido Pennings - 2024 - Bioethics 38 (5):425-430.
    Advances in assisted reproductive technologies can give rise to several ethical challenges. One of these challenges occurs when the reproductive desires of two individuals become incompatible and conflict. To address such conflicts, it is important to unbundle different aspects of (non)parenthood and to recognize the corresponding reproductive rights. This article starts on the premise that the six reproductive rights—the right (not) to be a gestational, genetic, and social parent—are negative rights that do not entail a right to assistance. Since terminating (...)
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  21.  59
    Directed organ donation: Discrimination or autonomy?Guido Pennings - 2007 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 24 (1):41–49.
    abstract Numerous measures have been proposed to change the collection procedure in order to increase the supply of organ donations. One such proposal is to give the candidate donors the right to direct their organs to groups of recipients characterised by specific features like sex, age, disease and geographic location. Four possible justifications for directed donation of organs are considered: the utilitarian benefit, the egalitarian principle of justice, the maximin principle of justice and the autonomy principle. It is concluded that (...)
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  22.  15
    The moral obligation to have genetically related children.Guido Pennings - forthcoming - Journal of Medical Ethics.
    Donor conceived persons are likely to have a lower quality of life than persons who are genetically related to both parents. Empirical evidence is presented to corroborate this point. The evidence is subdivided into three sections: (1) negative experience of the donor conception itself, (2) negative effects of secrecy and openness and (3) negative effects of donor anonymity and donor identifiability. The principle of procreative beneficence requires parents to select the child with the best possible life. Given the difference in (...)
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  23.  40
    Donor Conception Disclosure: Directive or Non-Directive Counselling?Inez Raes, An Ravelingien & Guido Pennings - 2016 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 13 (3):369-379.
    It is widely agreed among health professionals that couples using donor insemination should be offered counselling on the topic of donor conception disclosure. However, it is clear from the literature that there has long been a lack of agreement about which counselling approach should be used in this case: a directive or a non-directive approach. In this paper we investigate which approach is ethically justifiable by balancing the two underlying principles of autonomy and beneficence. To overrule one principle in favour (...)
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  24. Lifespan extension and the doctrine of double effect.Laura Capitaine, Katrien Devolder & Guido Pennings - 2013 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 34 (3):207-226.
    Recent developments in biogerontology—the study of the biology of ageing—suggest that it may eventually be possible to intervene in the human ageing process. This, in turn, offers the prospect of significantly postponing the onset of age-related diseases. The biogerontological project, however, has met with strong resistance, especially by deontologists. They consider the act of intervening in the ageing process impermissible on the grounds that it would (most probably) bring about an extended maximum lifespan—a state of affairs that they deem intrinsically (...)
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  25.  53
    Is there a moral obligation to conceive children under the best possible conditions? A preliminary framework for identifying the preconception responsibilities of potential parents.Pieter Bonte, Guido Pennings & Sigrid Sterckx - 2014 - BMC Medical Ethics 15 (1):5.
    The preventative paradigm of preconception care is receiving increasing attention, yet its boundaries remain vague in three respects: temporally; agentially; and instrumentally. Crucially, it remains unclear just who is to be considered a ‘potential parent’, how soon they should take up preconception responsibilities, and how weighty their responsibilities should be.
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  26.  76
    Balancing animal welfare and assisted reproduction: ethics of preclinical animal research for testing new reproductive technologies.Verna Jans, Wybo Dondorp, Ellen Goossens, Heidi Mertes, Guido Pennings & Guido de Wert - 2018 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 21 (4):537-545.
    In the field of medically assisted reproduction (MAR), there is a growing emphasis on the importance of introducing new assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) only after thorough preclinical safety research, including the use of animal models. At the same time, there is international support for the three R’s (replace, reduce, refine), and the European Union even aims at the full replacement of animals for research. The apparent tension between these two trends underlines the urgency of an explicit justification of the use (...)
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  27.  12
    Against age limits for men in reproductive care.Steven R. Piek, Andrea Martani & Guido Pennings - 2024 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 27 (3):299-307.
    Almost all countries and fertility clinics impose age limits on women who want to become pregnant through Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART). Age limits for aspiring fathers, however, are much less common and remain a topic of debate. This article departs from the principle of reproductive autonomy and a conditional positive right to receive ART, and asks whether there are convincing arguments to also impose age limits on aspiring fathers. After considering three consequentialist approaches to justifying age limits for aspiring fathers, (...)
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  28.  43
    In vitro gametogenesis and reproductive cloning: Can we allow one while banning the other?Seppe Segers, Guido Pennings, Wybo Dondorp, Guido de Wert & Heidi Mertes - 2018 - Bioethics 33 (1):68-75.
    In vitro gametogenesis (IVG) is believed to be the next big breakthrough in reproductive medicine. The prima facie acceptance of this possible future technology is notable when compared to the general prohibition on human reproductive cloning. After all, if safety is the main reason for not allowing reproductive cloning, one might expect a similar conclusion for the reproductive application of IVG, since both technologies hold considerable and comparable risks. However, safety concerns may be overcome, and are presumably not the sole (...)
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  29.  48
    Ethical Aspects of the Use of Stem Cell Derived Gametes for Reproduction.Heidi Mertes & Guido Pennings - 2010 - Health Care Analysis 18 (3):267-278.
    A lot of interest has been generated by the possibility of deriving gametes from embryonic stem cells and bone marrow stem cells. These stem cell derived gametes may become useful for research and for the treatment of infertility. In this article we consider prospectively the ethical issues that will arise if stem cell derived gametes are used in the clinic, making a distinction between concerns that only apply to embryonic stem cell derived gametes and concerns that are also relevant for (...)
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  30.  41
    Demanding pure motives for donation: the moral acceptability of blood donations by haemochromatosis patients.G. Pennings - 2005 - Journal of Medical Ethics 31 (2):69-72.
    Blood banks all over the world attempt to cover the demand for blood by donations from voluntary non-remunerated donors. The discussion regarding the acceptability of blood donations by haemochromatosis patients focuses on the question of whether health benefits violate the rule of the altruistic donor. Utilitarian and deontological arguments for and against the policy of accepting blood donors who need to let blood regularly in order to stay healthy are considered by this article. A closer look at the procedure reveals (...)
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  31.  41
    Postmenopausal women and the right of access to oocyte donation.Guido Pennings - 2001 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 18 (2):171–181.
  32.  35
    Why Jecker's Capabilities Approach to Age-Based Rationing Is Incapable of Containing Health Care Costs.Laura Capitaine, Guido Pennings & Sigrid Sterckx - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics 13 (8):22-23.
  33.  44
    Testicular Tissue Cryopreservation: Combining Access With Safeguards.Heidi Mertes & Guido Pennings - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics 13 (3):46 - 48.
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  34.  28
    The physician as an accessory in the parental project of HIV positive people.Guido Pennings - 2003 - Journal of Medical Ethics 29 (6):321-324.
    The question of the moral acceptability of infertility treatment to HIV positive persons raises a number of interesting ethical points regarding the responsibility of the infertility specialist for the outcome of his or her actions. The analysis of the physician’s responsibility is conducted within the framework of accomplice liability. The physician is a collaborator in the parental project of the principals—that is, the intentional parents. Both causal contribution and intention are considered as elements of complicity. It is concluded that a (...)
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  35.  61
    The validity of contracts to dispose of frozen embryos.G. Pennings - 2002 - Journal of Medical Ethics 28 (5):295-298.
    The widespread abandonment of frozen embryos by the gamete providers or intentional parents urgently demands a solution. Most centres react by requiring patients to enter a prior agreement governing the future disposition of their embryos in all foreseeable circumstances. These dispositional directives are inappropriate and self defeating in the event of contingencies in which the patients remain competent to execute an updated directive. Internal and external changes may invalidate the prior directive by altering the situation as represented by the couple (...)
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  36.  32
    Ethical Concerns Eliminated: Safer Stimulation Protocols and Egg Banking.Heidi Mertes & Guido Pennings - 2011 - American Journal of Bioethics 11 (9):33-35.
    The American Journal of Bioethics, Volume 11, Issue 9, Page 33-35, September 2011.
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  37.  20
    Balancing rules in postmortem sperm donation.Guido Pennings - 2022 - Journal of Medical Ethics 48 (4):270-271.
    Postmortem sperm donation implies the acceptance of a very low sperm quality threshold. This threshold has two important consequences: recipients will have to submit to burdensome and expensive in vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and many more living donors will be accepted, thus making postmortem donors largely superfluous. Given these strong arguments against the use of postmortem collected sperm, a good alternative to enlarge the donor pool would be men who stored sperm for self-use and no longer have the intention to (...)
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  38. De status van morele intuities Le statut de l'intuition morale.G. Pennings - 1989 - Algemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte 81 (1):59-69.
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  39. Sociologie en ethiek: de ontwirkkeling van Wilsons opvattingen over ethiek en moraal Sociobiologie et éthique: l'évolution des conceptions de Wilson sur l'éthique et la morale.G. Pennings - 1987 - Algemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte 79 (3):173-191.
     
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  40. Tot welke leeftijd een kind? Een ethische analyse van timing van ouderschap - Men kan van ouders verlangen dat zij redelijk uitzicht hebben op het kunnen voltooien van de opvoeding van het kind tot de volwassen leeftijd.Guido Pennings - 1996 - Filosofie En Praktijk 17:74-87.
     
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