Galasso (2024) shares findings from narrative analyses of relevant constituting material of and interviews with leaders in two national precision medicine research (PMR) programs: 100KGP of Genomic...

We applaud Ray and Cooper (2024) for emphasizing environmental health as a bioethics issue. As a team of interdisciplinary pediatric researchers and providers who are part of an institutional clima...

Volume 20, Issue 7, July 2020, Page 187-190.

Before Euro-American settlement, many Native American nations intercropped maize (_Zea mays_), beans (_Phaseolus vulgaris_), and squash (_Cucurbita pepo_) in what is colloquially called the “Three Sisters.” Here we review the historic importance and consequences of rejuvenation of Three Sisters intercropping (3SI), outline a framework to engage Native growers in community science with positive feedbacks to university research, and present preliminary findings from ethnography and a randomized, replicated 3SI experiment. We developed mutually beneficial collaborative research agendas with four Midwestern US Native (...) American nations. Ethnographic data highlighted a culturally based respect for 3SI as living beings, the importance it holds for all cultural facets of these Native nations, and the critical impact the practice has on environmental sustainability. One concern expressed by Native growers during ethnographic research was improving soil health—part of the rationale for establishing the 3SI agronomic experiment. To address this, we collaboratively designed a 3SI experiment. After 1 year, 3SI increased short-term soil respiration by 24%, decreased salt-extractable nitrate by 54%, had no effect on soil microbial biomass (but increased its carbon-to-nitrogen ratio by 32%) compared to the average of monoculture crops. The overarching purpose of this collaborative project is to develop a deeper understanding of 3SI, its cultural importance to Native communities, and how reinvigorating the practice—and intercropping in general—can make agroecosystems more sustainable for people and the environment. (shrink)

Counter storytelling, used in critical race theory and narrative ethics, is a tool used to contradict and expose the oppression in a dominant narrative, by focusing attention on the stories of the...

We propose that abstraction is an interpersonal process and serves a social function. Research on shared reality shows that in communication, people raise their level of abstraction in order to create a common understanding with their communication partner, which can subsequently distort their mental representation of the object of communication. This work demonstrates that, beyond building accurate models, abstraction also functions to build socially shared models – to create a shared reality.

Immigration poses numerous challenges for health professionals and public health lawyers. This article reviews these challenges. We begin by offering some background on immigration and health and then explain some of the reasons why immigrants are less likely than natives to have health insurance. Next we turn to a discussion of some of the particular challenges relating to the health care of refugees. We conclude by analyzing and rejecting some of the arguments that are made for discriminating against immigrants with (...) respect to the provision of public health benefits and services. (shrink)

Growing evidence suggests that natural environments – whether in outdoor or indoor settings – foster psychological health and physiological relaxation, indicated by increased wellbeing, reduced stress levels, and increased parasympathetic activity. Greater insight into differential psychological aspects modulating psychophysiological responses to nature-based relaxation videos could help understand modes of action and develop personalized relaxation interventions. We investigated heart rate variability as an indicator of autonomic regulation, specifically parasympathetic activity, in response to a 10-min video intervention in two consecutive studies as (...) well as heart rate. We hypothesized that a nature-based relaxation video elicits HRV increase and HR decrease, with response magnitude being affected by aspects of early life adversity and trait mindfulness. In Study 1, N = 60 participants watched a relaxation video intervention depicting different natural scenery. We analyzed changes in HR and respiratory sinus arrhythmia as a standard HRV measure, both based on 3-min segments from the experimental session, in multiple growth curve models. We found a decrease in HR and increase of RSA during the video intervention. Higher paternal care and lower trait mindfulness observing skills were associated with higher RSA values before but not during video exposure. In Study 2, N = 90 participants were assigned to three video conditions: natural scenery from Study 1, meditation video, or short clip from “The Lord of the Rings.” Again, HR decreased, and RSA increased during video segments, yet without expected group differences across different video types. We found higher parental care and lower parental overprotection to predict higher RSA at different times during the experiment. Interestingly, lower paternal overprotection predicted overall higher RSA. These results suggest a generic relaxation effect of video interventions on autonomic regulation that we discuss in light of different theories mapping restorative effects of natural environments. Further, psychological characteristics like aspects of early life adversity and trait mindfulness could contribute to individual differences in autonomic regulation. This study contributes to a better understanding of autonomic and psychological responses to relaxation videos. (shrink)

We propose that cleansing behaviors and other acts of separation or connection have more powerful effects when they are grounded in shared practices – in a shared reality. We conceptualize sensorimotor and shared reality effects as synergistic. Most potent should be physical behaviors performed collectively as a shared practice, grounded both in sensorimotor experience and in shared reality.

Editors' introduction to 3rd thematic issue on philosophy of medicine.

Background Regionalised models of health care delivery have important implications for people with disabilities and chronic illnesses yet the ethical issues surrounding disability and regionalisation have not yet been explored. Although there is ethics-related research into disability and chronic illness, studies of regionalisation experiences, and research directed at improving health systems for these patient populations, to our knowledge these streams of research have not been brought together. Using the Canadian province of Ontario as a case study, we address this gap (...) by examining the ethics of regionalisation and the implications for people with disabilities and chronic illnesses. The critical success factors we provide have broad applicability for guiding and/or evaluating new and existing regionalised health care strategies. Discussion Ontario is in the process of implementing fourteen Local Health Integration Networks (LHINs). The implementation of the LHINs provides a rare opportunity to address systematically the unmet diverse care needs of people with disabilities and chronic illnesses. The core of this paper provides a series of composite case vignettes illustrating integration opportunities relevant to these populations, namely: (i) rehabilitation and services for people with disabilities; (ii) chronic illness and cancer care; (iii) senior's health; (iv) community support services; (v) children's health; (vi) health promotion; and (vii) mental health and addiction services. For each vignette, we interpret the governing principles developed by the LHINs – equitable access based on patient need, preserving patient choice, responsiveness to local population health needs, shared accountability and patient-centred care – and describe how they apply. We then offer critical success factors to guide the LHINs in upholding these principles in response to the needs of people with disabilities and chronic illnesses. Summary This paper aims to bridge an important gap in the literature by examining the ethics of a new regionalisation strategy with a focus on the implications for people with disabilities and chronic illnesses across multiple sites of care. While Ontario is used as a case study to contextualize our discussion, the issues we identify, the ethical principles we apply, and the critical success factors we provide have broader applicability for guiding and evaluating the development of – or revisions to – a regionalised health care strategy. (shrink)

To succeed in self-regulation, people need to believe that it is possible to change behaviour and they also need to use effective means to enable such a change. We propose that this also applies to emotion regulation. In two studies, we found that people were most successful in emotion regulation, the more they believed emotions can be controlled and the more they used an effective emotion regulation strategy – namely, cognitive reappraisal. Cognitive reappraisal moderated the link between beliefs about the (...) controllability of emotion and success in emotion regulation, when reappraisal was measured as a trait or manipulated. Such moderation was found when examining the regulation of disgust elicited by emotion-inducing films, and the regulation of anger elicited by real political events. We discuss the implications of our findings for research and practice in emotion regulation. (shrink)

In the following pages, I make an argument on behalf of “wisdom education,” i.e., an approach to education that emphasizes the development of better thinking skills as well as socialization and the development of students’ sense-of-self. Wisdom education can best be facilitated through dialogical interactions that encourage critical reflection and modification of one’s presuppositions. This account presupposes that wisdom is given to dialectical forces. While the paper is primarily theoretical, it touches upon my work as a teachers’ educator, which almost (...) always utilizes dialogical pedagogies in the belief that these pedagogies are potent platforms for better learning and thinking and thus are more meaningful and transformative. (shrink)

A foundational idea of evo‐devo is that morphological variation is not isotropic, that is, it does not occur in all directions. Instead, some directions of morphological variation are more likely than others from DNA‐level variation and these largely depend on development. We argue that this evo‐devo perspective should apply not only to morphology but to evolution at all phenotypic levels. At other phenotypic levels there is no development, but there are processes that can be seen, in analogy to development, as (...) constructing the phenotype (e.g., protein folding, learning for behavior, etc.). We argue that to explain the direction of evolution two types of arguments need to be combined: generative arguments about which phenotypic variation arises in each generation and selective arguments about which of it passes to the next generation. We explain how a full consideration of the two types of arguments improves the explanatory power of evolutionary theory. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/Egbvma_uaKc. (shrink)

ResumenEl presente trabajo tiene por objetivo mostrar en qué medida el tratamiento nietzscheano en torno al concepto de vida se revela como el espacio adecuado para pensar la lógica de la comunidad y la inmunidad planteada por Roberto Esposito. En vistas a ello hemos de desarrollar la lógica de la comunidad y la inmunidad, para luego mostrar el modo en que la filosofía nietzscheana ofrece en su tematización del fenómeno de lo vital un adecuado trasfondo ontológico para comprender dicha dinámica.Palabras (...) clave Comunidad, inmunidad, vidaAbstract The aim of this paper is to show to what extent the Nietzschean approach to the concept of life offers an adequate field in which we can understand the logic of community and immunity as developed by Roberto Esposito. Therefore, we will analyze the dynamic of the community and the immunity in order to reveal how the phenomenon of life, as theorized by Nietzsche, provides a proper ontological background to understand such dynamic.Keywords Community, immunity, life. (shrink)

ResumenEl presente trabajo tiene por objetivo mostrar en qué medida el tratamiento nietzscheano en torno al concepto de vida se revela como el espacio adecuado para pensar la lógica de la comunidad y la inmunidad planteada por Roberto Esposito. En vistas a ello hemos de desarrollar la lógica de la comunidad y la inmunidad, para luego mostrar el modo en que la filosofía nietzscheana ofrece en su tematización del fenómeno de lo vital un adecuado trasfondo ontológico para comprender dicha dinámica.Palabras (...) clave Comunidad, inmunidad, vidaAbstract The aim of this paper is to show to what extent the Nietzschean approach to the concept of life offers an adequate field in which we can understand the logic of community and immunity as developed by Roberto Esposito. Therefore, we will analyze the dynamic of the community and the immunity in order to reveal how the phenomenon of life, as theorized by Nietzsche, provides a proper ontological background to understand such dynamic.Keywords Community, immunity, life. (shrink)

La fenomenología ha experimentado en los últimos años un creciente interés por las dimensiones afectivas de la conciencia, lo que se podría extender a otros campos del conocimiento en lo que se ha conocido como el «giro emotivo». Pero el análisis de sentimientos, afecciones y deseos no es en ningún caso territorio ignoto para la fenomenología: la temática estaba muy viva desde los inicios del movimiento y fundamentó la obra de herederos de Husserl como Heidegger o Henry. Menos conocido es (...) que el propio fundador de la fenomenología se ocupó intensamente con la temática. Ahora que se van a publicar los manuscritos inéditos de Husserl sobre los sentimientos, este artículo ofrece una perspectiva aproximativa general sobre dónde y cómo aborda esta cuestión. (shrink)

Given a compact Polish space E and the hyperspace of its compact subsets , we consider Gδσ-ideals of compact subsets of E. Solecki has shown that any σ-ideal in a broad natural class of Gδ ideals can be represented via a compact subset of ; in this article we examine the behaviour of Gδ subsets of E with respect to the representing set. Given an ideal I in this class, we construct a representing set that recognises a compact subset of (...) E as being “small” precisely when it is in I, and recognises a Gδ subset of E as being “small” precisely when it is covered by countably many compact sets from I. (shrink)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo conceptualizar a los y las menores como víctimas de la violencia de género en el ámbito de la relación de pareja. Para ello, se realizará un diagnóstico previo de las violencias sufridas, necesario para un adecuado tratamiento jurídico político. Análisis que se llevará a cabo a través de una investigación empírica, en la que se pretende revelar las violencias vividas por las mujeres y sus hijos e hijas, la protección que reciben por parte de la (...) Administración de Justicia tras la denuncia, así como las violencias vividas en el régimen de comunicaciones y estancias. En base a los datos obtenidos, se efectuará un examen de las herramientas jurídicas que los y las operadores jurídicos tienen a su alcance en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico para su protección. Nos detendremos en la reciente Ley 4/2015, de 27 de Abril, del Estatuto de la víctima, y en el Proyecto de Ley Orgánica de modif icación del sistema de protección de la infancia y a la adolescencia, donde se reconoce a los y las menores como víctimas, terminando con el contradictorio Anteproyecto de Ley sobre el ejercicio de la corresponsabilidad parental en caso de nulidad separación y divorcio. (shrink)

Desde al menos Aristóteles, los filósofos han intentado explicar la vida pasional de los seres humanos. El propósito de este ensayo es mostrar la teoría de las pasiones de Hume. Este autor analiza las pasiones como parte de la ciencia del hombre en el Libro II del Tratado de la naturaleza humana y en la posterior Disertación de las pasiones. Hume distingue entre pasiones “serenas” y “violentas”. Él identifica los sentimientos estéticos y morales como ejemplos de pasiones “serenas”, mientras que (...) caracteriza como “violentas” sentimientos tales como “el amor y el odio, la alegría y la tristeza, el orgullo y la humildad”. A continuación, Hume divide las pasiones en “directas”, que surgen inmediatamente del placer o dolor, e “indirectas”, que proceden de los mismos principios, pero en conjunción con otras cualidades. El análisis de las pasiones “indirectas” es original de Hume. Por otro lado, al igual que las teorías epistemológica y moral, la explicación de las pasiones en Hume constituye una teoría crítica. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un recorrido sobre la tramitación parlamentaria de la Ley Orgánica 8/2021, de 4 de junio,de protección integral a la infancia y adolescencia frente a la violencia. Se reflexionará sobre el olvido inicial de los y las menores víctimas de violencia de género ysu primer impulso de dar entrada a aquellos planteamientos en los que se pone la atención en la protección del interés superior de la infancia y adolescencia en los casos de ruptura (...) familiar, escondiendo los daños sufridos por la infancia y adolescencia derivados de la violencia de género. Mostraremos cómo, para paliar los daños derivados de la “alta conflictividad” provocada por la ruptura familiar, se está asentando jurisprudencialmente la coordinación de parentalidad. Mediante un análisis jurisprudencial, comprobaremos cómo este método de resolución de conflictos se aplica en contextos de violencia de género, con el objetivo de restablecer o normalizar la relación del padre que ejerce violencia de género con sus hijos e hijas. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es alertar sobre el nuevo artefacto para la ocultación de la violencia de género: «la alta conflictividad» en las rupturas familiares. Desde estos planteamientos se pone el foco en la protección del interés superior de la infancia y adolescencia en los casos de ruptura familiar, escondiendo los daños sufridos por los hijos e hijas derivados de la violencia de género. Mostraremos cómo, para paliar los daños derivados de la «alta conflictividad», se está asentando jurisprudencialmente la (...) coordinación de parentalidad. Mediante un análisis jurisprudencial, comprobaremos cómo este método de resolución de conflictos se aplica en contextos de violencia de género, con el fin último de restablecer o normalizar la relación del padre que ejerce violencia de género con sus hijos e hijas. (shrink)

El presente texto se propone analizar la paradójica y compleja coyuntura en la cual la experiencia de una enfermedad zoonótica, que nos confrontó con un recordatorio amargo de nuestra inextricable e inescindible interdependencia con otros distantes, diferentes e interconectados modos de vida, ha propiciado también la re-producción de una economía afectiva centrada en el miedo y la inmunidad, y articulada en torno a un sentido “familiarista” y “humano, demasiado humano” de la responsabilidad que supone vivir y morir con otrxs. La (...) perspectiva que guiará este análisis será aquella que, en el marco del “giro afectivo”, pone el foco en el modo en que las políticas afectivas se entrelazan con marcos perceptuales, al tiempo que son factores activos en los modos en que construimos –o no- redes de sostén y responsabilidad compartida. (shrink)

El discurso biológico de Ayala se centra en estas tres cuestiones: 1) El hecho de la evolución. 2) Historia de la evolución. 3) Mecanismos del desarrollo y cambio evolutivos. El hecho determinante y cierto, según Ayala, es la evidencia de relaciones entre todos los organismos debidas a una común descendencia con modificaciones como lo han demostrado con abundancia la Paleontología, Anatomía comparada, Biogeografía, Embriología, Genética Molecular, Bioinformática y otras disciplinas biológicas que nos llevan a la afirmación de que el hecho (...) de la evolución de los seres vivos tiene el mismo grado de certeza que poseen los hechos históricos y científicos ampliamente confirmados. Para Ayala, explicaciones acerca del origen del mundo, del hombre y de otras criaturas se encuentran en todas las culturas. Tras la publicación del Origen de las Especies de C. Darwin en 1859, se produce gran polémica en los medios científicos, culturales y religiosos, pero pasado un período de maduración, el darwinismo logra ser aceptado especialmente bajo las formas de Neo-darwinismo y Teoría Sintética. Otro asunto muy distinto son las diversas teorías y micro-teorías que se proponen para explicar los mecanismos de la evolución de los organismos vivos que presentan todavía profundas lagunas, deficiencias y controversias que han provocado la aparición de teorías alternativas. No obstante, el darwinismo moderno constituye un peldaño importante en la reconstrucción del sinuoso y complejo proceso evolutivo de la vida a través de millones de años acudiendo a una razonable explicación causal sin que esto atente contra ningún supuesto religioso. (shrink)

The emergence of collective intelligence has been studied in much greater detail in small groups than in larger ones. Nevertheless, in groups of several hundreds or thousands of members, it is well-known that the social environment exerts a considerable influence on individual behavior. A few recent papers have dealt with some aspects of large group situations, but have not provided an in-depth analysis of the role of interactions among the members of a group in the creation of ideas, as well (...) as the group’s overall performance. In this study, we report an experiment where a large set of individuals, i.e., 789 high-school students, cooperated online in real time to solve two different examinations on a specifically designed platform (Thinkhub). Our goal of this paper 6 to describe the specific mechanisms of idea creation we were able to observe and to measure the group’s performance as a whole. When we deal with communication networks featuring a large number of interacting entities, it seems natural to model the set as a complex system by resorting to the tools of statistical mechanics. Our experiment shows how an interaction in small groups that increase in size over several phases, leading to a final phase where the students are confronted with the most popular answers of the previous phases, is capable of producing high-quality answers to all examination questions, whereby the last phase plays a crucial role. Our experiment likewise shows that a group’s performance in such a task progresses in a linear manner in parallel with the size of the group. Finally, we show that the controlled interaction and dynamics foreseen in the system can reduce the spread of “fake news” within the group. (shrink)

La aparición de las geometrías no euclidianas o astrales parecían contradecir la filosofía de la matemática de Kant. Éste había contemplado la posibilidad de una geometría suprema, pero la desechó por que no se relacionaba sintéticamente con la experiencia. Sin embargo, a principios del siglo XX Albert Einstein desarrollo la Teoría de la relatividad e hizo de ella una teoría de la gravitación. Esta teoría, conocida como Teoría de la relatividad general, confiere al Universo una estructura no euclídea. En este (...) artículo se plantea que tal dotación de sentido físico a un tipo de geometría astral, hace que los recelos... que Kant manifestó hacia una posible geometría diferente de la que se nos presenta en la intuición se disipen. La Teoría de la relatividad restablece, de esta manera, la conexión necesaria entre la nueva geometría y la experiencia. The appearance of the non-Euclidean or astral geometries seemed to contradict the philosophy of the Kant´s mathematics. He had considered the possibility of a supreme geometry, but he discarded it due to it was not synthetically related with the experience. However, at the beginning of the XX century Albert Einstein developed the Theory of the Relativity and made it a theory of gravitation. This theory, known as Theory of the General Relativity, confers to the Universe a non Euclidean structure. In this article it is outlined that such an endowment of physical sense to an astral geometry kind, makes that the... mistrust that Kant manifested with respect to a possible geometry different to that which the intuition presents to us, will vanish. The Theory of Relativity so recovers the necessary connection between the new geometry and the experience. (shrink)

Character strengths are widely studied positive traits considered to be “values in action,” reflecting morally valued virtues. They are hypothesized to serve as pathways to the manifestation of values in life for the benefit of individuals and societies. However, there is surprisingly limited theoretical writing and empirical research on the expected links of character strengths with specific values [e.g., as defined by Schwartz ] or on character strengths as the pathway for behavioral and social manifestations of these values. In this (...) paper, we delineate theoretical links between the two theories and outline their implications. We then provide an initial empirical examination of a specific character strength – gratitude, as a pathway from Schwartz’s self-transcendence values to prosocial behavior and peer acceptance, in two samples of adolescents. The findings indicated that most pathways were significant, providing initial support for the theoretical model. However, in one of the samples, the indirect path from self-transcendence values to prosocial behavior was only marginally significant. Taken together, the findings point to the need for further research on the role of character strengths in creating a pathway from values to various social outcomes. (shrink)

En este artículo, se analiza la documentación producida por autores franceses o afrancesados, en la cual América y sus procesos de independencia, en particular los hispanoamericanos, ocupan un lugar central. Se localiza un importante corpus documental que incluye libros e impresos periódicos. Algunos de ellos fueron de uso en las escuelas primarias y secundarias francesas, otros circularon entre académicos y profesores universitarios. También se analizan algunos textos provenientes de conmemoraciones americanistas, como discursos de legatarios o personalidades con prestigio político o (...) científico, y textos literarios que concursaron en variados eventos vinculados con las celebraciones y conmemoraciones de la Independencia. A partir de ellos, se proponen cinco ejes de reflexión: primero, desde la perspectiva de las representaciones sociales, políticas y culturales de las independencias hispanoamericanas, donde las preocupaciones investigativas están orientadas a lo que se dice que pasó y menos a lo que pasó. Segundo, la reiteración de la categoría influencia para pensar las relaciones decimonónicas entre América y Francia subraya la originalidad de las ideas ilustradas y la Revolución Francesa; en cambio, las revoluciones hispanoamericanas representarían una de sus consecuencias más o menos distorsionada a este lado del Atlántico. Tercero, el lenguaje hermenéutico de lo que se dice que pasó instituyó mitos políticos modernos, asociados directamente con una revolución exitosa, igualitaria, libertaria y fraterna. Cuarto, en el contexto planetario de las dinámicas de modernización política, “lo francés” debe ser pensado como una parte de los procesos de mundialización de la modernidad. Quinto, el examen social y cultural de la producción intelectual presentada permite una mirada crítica a las historias nacionales o continentales, de tal forma que se puedan comprender mejor los procesos de modernización. (shrink)

Esta obra, que podemos encontrar dentro de la oportuna colección de Humanidades de las Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza es la primera traducción en castellano que se ha realizado de Eraclito e la sua legenda publicada en 1979, que hasta 2018 solo estaba al alcance de quienes hablaran italiano. Como su título indica, es un trabajo realmente útil para la investigación e interpretación de los textos de Heráclito de Éfeso. Su tesis es una propuesta de interpretación sustentada en una (...) rigurosa contextualización de la que se da cuenta a lo largo de la obra, cuya conclusión es que las lecturas que se han venido realizando han extraído y descontextualizado los ejemplos de carácter físico que el filósofo usa para explicar el objeto político de su obra, con lo que la tradición habría perdido de vista el sentido de la misma: la política del momento. Su autor, Antonio Capizzi desarrolló su docencia en la Universidad de La Sapienza de Roma, en la que se especializó en la historia de la filosofía griega. Sus trabajos se caracterizan por una detallada contextualización histórica, alejándose de otras interpretaciones heredadas de la tradición. Destacan sus trabajos Introduzione a Parmenide y Platone nel suo tempo, dedicados a Parménides y a Platón, respectivamente. (shrink)

Depression experienced by older adults is proving an increasing global health burden, with rates generally 7% and as high as 27% in the USA. This is likely to significantly increase in coming years as the number and proportion of older adults in the population rises all around the world. Therefore, it is imperative that the effectiveness of approaches to the prevention and treatment of depression are understood. Creative arts interventions, including art, dance movement, drama and music modalities, are utilised internationally (...) to target depression and depressive symptoms in older adults. This includes interventions led by trained arts therapists as well as other health and arts professionals. However, to date there has not been a systematic review that reports effects and examines the processes (why) and mechanisms (how) of creative arts interventions are used to address depression in this older age group. This systematic review of studies on creative arts interventions for older adults experiencing depression examined: outcomes of four creative arts modalities (art, dance movement, drama, and music); with particular attention paid to processes documented as contributing to change in each modality; and mechanisms considered to result from these processes. Our analysis of 75 articles (17 art, 13 dance, 4 drama and 41 music) indicates mostly significant quantitative or positive qualitative findings, particularly for interventions led by creative arts therapists. Mechanisms of change gleaned from the studies that were common across modalities include physical (e.g. increased muscle strength; neurochemical effects, such as endorphin release), intra-personal (e.g. enhanced self-concept, strengthened agency and mastery; processing and communication of emotions), cultural (e.g. creative expression, aesthetic pleasure), cognitive (e.g. stimulation of memory) and social (e.g. increased social skills and connection), that were all considered to contribute to reduced depression and symptoms. Recommendations for future research include a stronger focus on testing of processes and mechanisms. (shrink)

Los movimientos sociales e indígenas carecerán de fuerza transformadora, en tanto y en cuanto no desafíen el antropocentrismo y las dicotomías esenciales que sustentan el sistema de poder. Deben plantearse una verdadera deconstrucción y reconstrucción de la filosofía que hasta ahora ha permitido la colonización, recuperando las bases filosóficas originarias, en su calidad de diferentes-semejantes a la hegemónica, con su propia ciencia generadora de conocimiento y no de «saber local». La tradición cultural originaria es un modelo de vida alternativo al (...) hegemónico, que podemos adoptar todos los que sintamos la exigencia de descolonizarnos, sin discriminaciones étnicas, y sin, por ello, generar dicotomías entre lo indígena y lo occidental. La condición para erradicar las hegemonías es asumir la diferencia-semejanza como el sustento de las relaciones con otros individuos, con otras culturas y con la totalidad de los seres naturales y cósmicos, y como expresión de un paradigma que no admite centrismos ni jerarquías de ninguna clase. Por tanto, rechaza las relaciones de dominación/subordinación y admite la convivencia en equilibrio, complementación, consenso y respeto a la identidad del otro, que de ninguna manera es nuestro antagónico. (shrink)

We offer a case-study in irrationality, showing that even in a high stakes context, intelligent and well trained professionals may adopt dominated practices. In multiple-choice tests one cannot distinguish lucky guesses from answers based on knowledge. Test-makers have dealt with this problem by lowering the incentive to guess, through penalizing errors (called formula scoring), and by eliminating various cues for outperforming random guessing (e.g., a preponderance of correct answers in middle positions), through key balancing. These policies, though widespread and intuitively (...) appealing, are in fact ‘‘irrational’’, and are dominated by alternative solutions. Number-right scoring is superior to formula scoring, and key randomization is superior to key balancing. We suggest that these policies have persisted since all stake-holders – test-makers, test-takers and test-coaches – share the same faulty intuitions. (shrink)

The business of philosophy is “to think things together,” so far as the reality of things and the capacity of thought allow. That reality presents many contrasts, physical, ethical, metaphysical, light and darkness, life and death, good and evil, right and wrong, the One and the many, the Infinite and the finite, the Eternal and the temporal, and what we mention as last, but not least, for our immediate purpose, Being and Becoming, the Constant and the Contingent. The contrasts need (...) not be regarded as contradictions, negations one of another, as thought the Eleatics with their emphasis on Being, or the Heraclitics with their preference for Becoming. To our immediate scrutiny all stands and all flows may be irreconcilable oppositions; but Einstein is teaching us that there is relativity in all our interpretations of reality. We need not with Indian thought declare Brahma alone real, and all else Maya , illusion. (shrink)