Results for 'Transwomen athletes, Sport, Inclusion, women's sport, CCES'

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  1. When Ideology Trumps Science: A response to the Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport’s Review on Transwomen Athletes in the Female Category.Miroslav Imbrisevic, Cathy Devine, Leslie A. Howe, Jon Pike, Emma Hilton & Tommy Lundberg - 2022 - Idrottsforum - Nordic Sports Science Forum 11:1-18.
    The recently published ‘Scientific Review’ by the Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport about transwomen’s participation in female sport doesn’t deserve its name; it is wholly unscientific. This publication follows a familiar pattern. The body is not important anymore when it comes to categorisation and eligibility in sport; instead, it’s all about a psychological phenomenon: gender identity. This side-lining of the body (which makes the side-lining of female athletes and the inclusion of male-born athletes possible) is now reinforced by (...)
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  2. Transwomen in elite sport: scientific and ethical considerations.Taryn Knox, Lynley C. Anderson & Alison Heather - 2019 - Journal of Medical Ethics 45 (6):395-403.
    The inclusion of elite transwomen athletes in sport is controversial. The recent International Olympic Committee guidelines allow transwomen to compete in the women’s division if their testosterone is held below 10 nmol/L. This is significantly higher than that of cis-women. Science demonstrates that high testosterone and other male physiology provides a performance advantage in sport suggesting that transwomen retain some of that advantage. To determine whether the advantage is unfair necessitates an ethical analysis of the principles of (...)
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  3.  55
    Transgender and Intersex Athletes and the Women’s Category in Sport.Pam R. Sailors - 2020 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 14 (4):419-431.
    Issues surrounding the inclusion of transgender and intersex athletes in the women’s category in sport have spurred vigorous, and sometimes vicious, debate. The loudest voices on one edge of the de...
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  4.  44
    Safety, fairness, and inclusion: transgender athletes and the essence of Rugby.Jon Pike - 2021 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 48 (2):155-168.
    In this paper, I link philosophical discussion of policies for trans inclusion or exclusion, to a method of policy making. I address the relationship between concerns about safety, fairness, and inclusion in policy making about the inclusion of transwomen athletes into women’s sport. I argue for an approach based on lexical priority rather than simple ‘balancing’, considering the different values in a specific order. I present justifying reasons for this approach and this lexical order, based on the special obligations (...)
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  5. On Transwomen and Sports: Evaluating the Arguments.Aaron Smuts - 2019 - Arc Digital 6 (6.1.2019).
    The move for greater inclusion of transwomen in women’s sports through the adoption of increasingly less stringent criteria has progressed very quickly, faster than public consensus, and seemingly without much debate. In an effort to further rational discussion of this issue, I want to lay out clear versions of the best arguments in favor of greater inclusion. Versions of these arguments have been appearing in a variety of merged and mangled forms in popular and social media. Hence, my task (...)
     
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  6.  87
    The Onus of Inclusivity: Sport Policies and the Enforcement of the Women’s Category in Sport.Sarah Teetzel - 2014 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 41 (1):113-127.
    With recent controversies surrounding the eligibility of athletes with disorders of sex development and hyperandrogenism, as well as continued discussion of the conditions transgender athletes must meet to compete in high-performance sport, a wide array of scholars representing a diverse range of disciplines have weighed in on both the appropriateness of classifying athletes into the female and male categories and the best practices of doing so. In response to cases of high-profile athletes’ sex being called into question, the International Olympic (...)
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  7.  15
    Girls Will Be Girls, in a League of Their Own – The Rules for Women’s Sport as a Protected Category in the Olympic Games and the Question of ‘Doping Down’.Angela Schneider - 2020 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 14 (4):478-495.
    Recent debate by feminist scholars in philosophy of sport has been focused on the status of women’s sport as a protected category. Positions have varied significantly, from no need for a protected category anymore—to allow women’s sport to flourish and to give them a fair opportunity, given that men’s sport still dominates, just as it has in the past.It will be argued that: i) the concept of a ‘protected category’ is tied logically to the concept of fair play and has (...)
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  8.  13
    Human Rights and Inclusion Policies for Transgender Women in Elite Sport: The Case of Australia ‘Rules’ Football (AFL).Catherine Ordway, Matt Nichol, Damien Parry & Joanna Wall Tweedie - forthcoming - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy:1-23.
    The discourse inside and outside of sport in Australia and abroad on the participation of transgender women in female sport focuses on the principles of fairness, equity and the safety of competitors. These concerns commonly materialise (with little evidence) labelling transgender women as ‘cheats’, dominating female sport, strategically being coached in collision sports to intentionally hurt opponents or fraudulently transitioning with the sole aim of competing in elite women’s sport. Our research examines the process by which the Australian Football League (...)
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  9. Sporting transnational feminisms : gender, nation, and women's athletic migrations between Brazil and the United States.Cara K. Snyder - 2021 - In Ashwini Tambe & Millie Thayer (eds.), Transnational feminist itineraries: situating theory and activist practice. Durham: Duke University Press.
  10.  75
    If “Ifs” and “Buts” Were Candy and Nuts.Veronica Ivy - 2021 - Feminist Philosophy Quarterly 7 (2).
    It’s relatively easy to say that the debates about whether trans and intersex women athletes deserve full and equal inclusion in women’s sport is a contentious contemporary issue. I’ve already argued for the legal, ethical, and scientific basis for full and equal inclusion of trans and intersex women in women’s sport. In this paper, I want to analyze what I take to be a representative selection of recent arguments against full and equal inclusion of trans and intersex women in women’s (...)
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  11.  34
    Conflating and misgendering: why World Athletics (and other sports governing bodies) should jettison the competitive labels ‘Women’s’/‘Men’s’.Federico Luzzi - 2022 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 49 (3):366-382.
    Martínková et al provide an overview of a tendency to use gender terms in key sports contexts, including eligibility criteria and testing, where gender is unintended. They argue that to avoid conceptual confusion and aid clarity, we should disentangle gender and sex, acknowledging that often gender talk should be interpreted as talk of sex. One of their recommendations is that the labels of competitive categories ‘women’s’/’men’s’ should change to ‘female’/’male’. I first make their argument against gendered labelling more precise by (...)
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  12.  18
    Caster Semenya’s life and achievements are cause for celebration, respect and inclusion; her exclusion is consequential.Morgan Carpenter - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (9):593-594.
    In his paper, Loland1 offers conditional support for 2019 World Athletics ‘differences of sex development’ regulations,2 upheld that year by the Court of Arbitration for Sport 3 in the case of Caster Semenya. He states this is conditional due to the ‘systemic and psycho-somatic’ impact of hormonal treatment. Loland also calls for ‘further analysis of the nature of athlete classification’ and identifies some welcome options for reducing the significance of sex classifications in sport. While Loland identifies ‘essentialist and reductionist definitions (...)
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  13.  15
    Response to commentaries on ‘Caster Semenya, athlete classification, and fair equality of opportunity in sport’.Sigmund Loland - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (9):599-600.
    I appreciate all of the commentaries as they raise a series of critical and constructive points. Due to limited space, I can only address some of the issues in brief ways. Knox and Anderson indicate that classification according to testosterone levels should be applied only at the elite level and with a more inclusive approach in amateur and recreational sport. Indeed, I agree, and this is also the case in the International Association of Athletics Federation's Differences of Sexual Development regulations (...)
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  14.  35
    Allyship in Elite Women’s Sport.Sarah Teetzel - 2020 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 14 (4):432-448.
    Throughout 2019, retired athletes Martina Navratilova, Sharron Davies, Kelly Holmes and Paula Radcliffe all spoke publically about what they perceive to b...
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  15.  39
    Women’s Standpoints and Internalism in Sport.Michael Burke - 2014 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 41 (1):39-52.
    David Fairchild explains that sport is an evocative symbolic system that demonstrates the apparently ‘natural’ division of humans into two separate and dichotomous genders, and also demonstrates the apparently ‘genetically based’ hierarchy between the genders in terms of sporting results. Additionally, this hierarchy of performance translates into a hierarchy of authority, such that men occupy the most powerful positions in coaching, administration and the sports media. The initial section of this paper will follow on from Fairchild to suggest some changes (...)
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  16.  3
    Book Review: Qualifying Times: Points of Change in U.S. Women’s Sport by Jamie Schultz and A Locker Room of Her Own: Celebrity, Sexuality, and Female Athletes edited by David C. Ogden and Joel Nathan Rose. [REVIEW]Cheryl Cooky - 2016 - Gender and Society 30 (1):136-139.
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  17.  91
    Is there a right not to know one's sex? The ethics of 'gender verification' in women's sports competitions.Claudia Wiesemann - 2011 - Journal of Medical Ethics 37 (4):216-220.
    The paper discusses the current medical practice of "gender verification" in sports from an ethical point of view. It takes the recent public discussion about 800-meter runner Caster Semenya as a starting point. At the World Championships in Athletics 2009 in Berlin, Germany, Semenya was challenged by competitors as being a so called "sex impostor". A medical examination to verify her sex ensued. The author analyses whether athletes like Semenya could claim a right not to know that is generally acknowledged (...)
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  18. Patriarchy in Disguise: Burke on Pike and World Rugby.Miroslav Imbrišević - 2022 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 1 (1):1-31.
    World Rugby (WR) announced in 2020 that transwomen should not be competing at the elite level because of safety and fairness concerns. WR and Jon Pike, a philosopher of sport advising them, adopted a lexical approach to get a grip on the three values in play: safety, fairness, and inclusion. Previously, governing bodies tried to balance these competing values. Michael Burke recently published a paper taking aim at Pike’s lexical approach. This is a reply to Burke.
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  19. Trans women participation in sport: A feminist alternative to Pike’s position.Michael Burke - 2022 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 49 (2):212-229.
    Both the approach taken by World Rugby to address the question of trans women participation in women’s rugby and the paper by Jon Pike that explains the ethical justification for the exclusion of trans women players from world rugby are compelling when understood within the dominant rugby/sport narrative. However, in this article, I suggest that what is absent is a radical feminist understanding that engages with the political purposes of separate sport spaces for women in producing feminist counternarratives that challenge (...)
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  20.  28
    Judith Butler Redux – the Heterosexual Matrix and the Out Lesbian Athlete: Amélie Mauresmo, Gender Performance, and Women’s Professional Tennis.Kristi Tredway - 2014 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 41 (2):163-176.
    Lesbian athletes, no matter their gender performances, are viewed as masculine. The on-court persona of Amélie Mauresmo illustrates this. Even though Mauresmo’s gender expression was indistinguishable from other women on the pro tennis tour, her sexuality, being an out lesbian, led the public to view her as masculine. Judith Butler’s ‘heterosexual matrix’ accounts for how we make assumptions based on what we see. Her theory explains the experiences of most people, where sex and gender are the known categories, so the (...)
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  21.  22
    Fair Competition and Inclusion in Sport: Avoiding the Marginalisation of Intersex and Trans Women Athletes.Jonathan Cooper - 2023 - Philosophies 8 (2):28.
    Despite the reality of intersex individuals whose biological markers do not necessarily all point towards a traditional binary understanding of either male or female, the vast majority of sports divide competition into categories based on a binary notion of biological sex and develop policies and regulations to police the divide. In so doing, sports governing bodies (SGBs) adopt an imperfect model of biological sex in order to serve their particular purposes, which, typically, will include protecting the fundamental sporting value of (...)
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  22. Transgender Athletes and Principles of Sport Categorization: Why Genealogy and the Gendered Body Will Not Help.Irena Martínková, Jim Parry & Miroslav Imbrišević - 2021 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 4 (1):1-13.
    This paper offers a discussion of the rationale for the creation of sports categorization criteria based on sporting genealogy and the gendered body, as proposed by Torres et al. in their article ‘Beyond Physiology: Embodied Experience, Embodied Advantage, and the Inclusion of Transgender Athletes in Competitive Sport’. The strength of their ‘phenomenological’ account lies in its complex account of human experience; but this is also what makes it impractical and difficult to operationalize. Categorization rather requires simplicity and practicability, if it (...)
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  23.  38
    Impossible “Choices”: The Inherent Harms of Regulating Women’s Testosterone in Sport.Katrina Karkazis & Morgan Carpenter - 2018 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 15 (4):579-587.
    In April 2018, the International Association of Athletics Federations released new regulations placing a ceiling on women athletes’ natural testosterone levels to “ensure fair and meaningful competition.” The regulations revise previous ones with the same intent. They require women with higher natural levels of testosterone and androgen sensitivity who compete in a set of “restricted” events to lower their testosterone levels to below a designated threshold. If they do not lower their testosterone, women may compete in the male category, in (...)
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  24.  62
    Judith Butler Redux – the Heterosexual Matrix and the Out Lesbian Athlete: Amélie Mauresmo, Gender Performance, and Women’s Professional Tennis.Kristi Tredway - 2014 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 41 (2):163-176.
    Lesbian athletes, no matter their gender performances, are viewed as masculine. The on-court persona of Amélie Mauresmo illustrates this. Even though Mauresmo’s gender expression was indistinguishable from other women on the pro tennis tour, her sexuality, being an out lesbian, led the public to view her as masculine. Judith Butler’s ‘heterosexual matrix’ accounts for how we make assumptions based on what we see. Her theory explains the experiences of most people, where sex and gender are the known categories, so the (...)
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  25.  6
    “You’re Underestimating Me and You Shouldn’t”: Women’s Agency in Fantasy Sports.Sarah Winslow & Rebecca Joyce Kissane - 2016 - Gender and Society 30 (5):819-841.
    Using qualitative data, this article investigates women’s experiences in fantasy sports, a context that offers the potential for transformations in the gendered order of traditionally masculinized athletic environments by blurring the distinctions between real and virtual, combining active production and passive consumption, and allowing men and women to play side-by-side. We find, however, women often describe fantasy sports as a male/masculine space in which they are highly visible and have their ability to compete like men questioned, largely because of gendered (...)
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  26.  23
    Beyond Suppressing Testosterone: A Categorical System to Achieve a “Level Playing Field” in Sport.Katerina Jennings & Esther Braun - forthcoming - American Journal of Bioethics:1-14.
    Regulations implemented by World Athletics (WA) require female athletes with differences of sexual development to suppress their blood testosterone levels in order to participate in certain women’s sporting competitions. These regulations have been justified by reference to fairness. In this paper, we reconstruct WA’s understanding of fairness, which requires a “level playing field” where no athlete should have a significant performance advantage based on factors other than talent, dedication, and hard work over an average athlete in their category. We demonstrate (...)
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  27.  18
    Patriarchy in Disguise: Burke on Pike and World Rugby.Miroslav Imbrišević - 2022 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 17 (2):204-222.
    World Rugby (WR) announced in 2020 that transwomen should not be competing at the elite level because of safety and fairness concerns. WR and Jon Pike, a philosopher of sport advising them, adopted a lexical approach to get a grip on the three values in play: safety, fairness, and inclusion. Previously, governing bodies tried to balance these competing values. Michael Burke recently published a paper taking aim at Pike’s lexical approach.
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  28. Including Trans Women Athletes in Competitive Sport.Veronica Ivy & Aryn Conrad - 2018 - Philosophical Topics 46 (2):103-140.
    In this paper, we examine the scientific, legal, and ethical foundations for inclusion of transgender women athletes in competitive sport, drawing on IOC principles and relevant Court of Arbitration for Sport decisions. We argue that the inclusion of trans athletes in competition commensurate with their legal gender is the most consistent position with these principles of fair and equitable sport. Biological restrictions, such as endogenous testosterone limits, are not consistent with IOC and CAS principles. We explore the implications for recognizing (...)
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  29.  9
    “Can You Deny Her That?” Processes of Governmentality and Socialization of Parents in Elite Women’s Gymnastics.Froukje Smits, Frank Jacobs & Annelies Knoppers - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Abusive practices in elite women’s artistic gymnastics have been the focus of discussions about how to eliminate or reduce them. Both coaches and parents have been named as key actors in bringing about change. Our focus is on parents and their ability to safeguard their daughters in WAG. Parents are not independent actors, however, but are part of a larger web consisting of an entanglement of emotions and technologies and rationalities used by staff, other parents, and athletes, bounded by skill (...)
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  30.  27
    Inclusion as the value of eligibility rules in sport.Irena Martínková - 2023 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 50 (3):345-364.
    This paper continues the discussion of three values of sport (safety, fairness, inclusion) that has developed around the theme of inclusion of transwomen in the female category in World Rugby, as discussed by Pike, Burke and Imbrišević. In contrast to their discussion, in which these three values have been seen from the limited perspective of the inclusion of one group of athletes into a specific category of one sport, they are here discussed in the context of the categorization in (...)
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  31.  10
    Gender Segregation and Trajectories of Organizational Change: The Underrepresentation of Women in Sports Leadership.Madeleine Pape - 2020 - Gender and Society 34 (1):81-105.
    This article offers an account of organizational change to explain why women leaders are underrepresented compared to women athletes in many sports organizations. I distinguish between accommodation and transformation as forms of change: the former includes women without challenging binary constructions of gender, the latter transforms an organization’s gendered logic. Through a case study of the International Olympic Committee from 1967-1995, I trace how the organization came to define gender equity primarily in terms of accommodating women’s segregated athletic participation. Key (...)
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  32.  5
    On the Periphery: Examining Women’s Exclusion From Core Leadership Roles in the “Extremely Gendered” Organization of Men’s Club Football in England.Alexandra J. Rankin-Wright, Stacey Pope & Amée Bryan - 2021 - Gender and Society 35 (6):940-970.
    In this article, we frame men’s club football as an “extremely gendered” organization to explain the underrepresentation of women leaders within the industry. By analyzing women’s leadership work over a 30-year period, we find that women’s inclusion has been confined to a limited number of occupational areas. These areas are removed, in terms of influence and proximity, from the male players and the playing of football. These findings reveal a gendered substructure within club football that maintains masculine dominance in core (...)
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  33.  67
    Brain Metabolite Levels in Sedentary Women and Non-contact Athletes Differ From Contact Athletes.Amy L. Schranz, Gregory A. Dekaban, Lisa Fischer, Kevin Blackney, Christy Barreira, Timothy J. Doherty, Douglas D. Fraser, Arthur Brown, Jeff Holmes, Ravi S. Menon & Robert Bartha - 2020 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14.
    White matter tracts are known to be susceptible to injury following concussion. The objective of this study was to determine whether contact play in sport could alter white matter metabolite levels in female varsity athletes independent of changes induced by long-term exercise. Metabolite levels were measured by single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the prefrontal white matter at the beginning and end of season in contact and non-contact varsity athletes. Sedentary women were scanned once, at a time equivalent to (...)
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  34.  11
    Breaking Barriers? Examining Neoliberal–Postfeminist Empowerment in Women’s Mixed Martial Arts.Justen Hamilton - 2022 - Gender and Society 36 (5):652-676.
    This article problematizes claims of women’s empowerment in “masculine” sports through an exploration of women’s participation in mixed martial arts —a combat sport colloquially referred to as “cage fighting.” MMA, perhaps more than any other sport, allows women athletes to challenge patriarchal beliefs about gender by demonstrating women’s capacity for physical violence and domination. But whereas investigations into MMA have produced important findings for studies of men and masculinities, there has been surprisingly little attention paid to women’s participation in this (...)
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  35.  27
    Embodied Experience, Embodied Advantage, and the Inclusion of Transgender Athletes in Competitive Sport: Expanded Framework, Criticisms, and Policy Recommendations.Francisco Javier Lopez Frias & Cesar R. Torres - forthcoming - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy:1-21.
    One of the most pressing and debated issues in contemporary sport is the inclusion of transgender athletes in competition. This is especially the case of transgender women who seek to compete in th...
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  36. Caster Semenya: sport, categories and the creative role of ethics.S. Camporesi & P. Maugeri - 2010 - Journal of Medical Ethics 36 (6):378-379.
    Caster Semenya, a South African 18-year-old, won the 800-metre track running title at the Berlin World Athletics Championships in 2009. Only 3 h later, her gender was being harshly contested. The investigation of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) was neither discreet nor respectful of her privacy. Caster's case has implications for the ethics of sports and debates about gender and enhancement, and for the philosophical debate about the nature of categories and the classification of people. The IAAF has (...)
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  37.  21
    Freud’s Psychoanalysis and the Genealogy of Sport.Jernej Pisk - 2023 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 18 (1):23-40.
    Freudian psychoanalysis offers us often neglected but unique and very fruitful possibilities for an original interpretation of sport. In this article we first look at some basic Freudian concepts, such as the role of sexuality, the unconscious and dreams. In doing so, it becomes clear that sport can and should be interpreted in a similar way to Freud’s interpretation of dreams. Just as dreams need to be decoded and interpreted, sport needs to be decoded and interpreted in order to understand (...)
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  38.  47
    Caster Semenya, athlete classification, and fair equality of opportunity in sport.Sigmund Loland - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (9):584-590.
    According to the Differences of Sex Development Regulations of the International Association of Athletics Federations, Caster Semenya and other athletes with heightened testosterone levels are considered non-eligible for middle distance running races in the women’s class. Based on an analysis of fair equality of opportunity in sport, I take a critical look at the Semenya case and at IAAF’s DSD Regulations. I distinguish between what I call stable and dynamic inequalities between athletes. Stable inequalities are those that athletes cannot impact (...)
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  39. Intersex Athletes: Do We Need A Gender Police In Professional Sports?Maren Behrensen - 2010 - IWM Junior Visiting Fellows' Conferences XXIX.
    Based on the case of Caster Semenya, I argue in this paper that the practice of Gender Verification Testing (GVT) in professional sports is unethical and pointless. The presumed benefit of GVT—ensuring fair competition for female athletes—is virtually nonexistent compared to its potential harms, in particular the exposure of individual athletes to a largely interphobic public. GVTs constitute a serious incursion on the athlete’s dignity, autonomy, and privacy; an incursion that cannot be justified by the appeal to fairness. My argument (...)
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  40.  76
    The Trangender Reader: Language, Law, Sport & Reality.Miroslav Imbrisevic - 2023 - In The Transgender Reader. Worthing, UK: Brighteye Publishing. pp. 1-64.
    Contents: 1. Testosterone is not the only Game in Town: The Transgender Woman Athlete 2. Queer Language Lessons: The Confusion over ‘My Pronouns’ 3. Legal Fictions: Changing Sex by Changing Gender 4. More than a Feeling: Rock Stars, Heroines and Transwomen 5. To Compete, or not to Compete, that is the Question: Which is Nobler for Transwomen Athletes? 6. The Power of Words 7. Feminism, Conceptual Engineering, and Trans Identit.
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  41.  46
    Performance enhancement, elite athletes and anti doping governance: comparing human guinea pigs in pharmaceutical research and professional sports.Silvia Camporesi & Michael J. McNamee - 2014 - Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 9:4.
    In light of the World Anti Doping Agency’s 2013 Code Revision process, we critically explore the applicability of two of three criteria used to determine whether a method or substance should be considered for their Prohibited List, namely its (potential) performance enhancing effects and its (potential) risk to the health of the athlete. To do so, we compare two communities of human guinea pigs: (i) individuals who make a living out of serial participation in Phase 1 pharmacology trials; and (ii) (...)
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  42.  6
    Ethical Risks of Systematic Menstrual Tracking in Sport.Olivia R. Howe - forthcoming - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry:1-15.
    In this article it will be concluded that systematic menstrual tracking in women’s sport has the potential to cause harm to athletes. Since the ruling of Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization (2022) in the United States, concerns regarding menstrual health tracking have arisen. Research suggests that the menstrual tracking of female athletes presents potential risks to “women’s autonomy, privacy, and safety in sport” (Casto 2022, 1725). At present, the repercussions of systematic menstrual tracking are particularly under-scrutinized, and this paper (...)
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  43.  24
    Sporting Feminism: Challenges to Philosophy of Gender.Boryana Angelova-Igova - 2023 - Filosofiya-Philosophy 32 (2):173-185.
    This paper aim is to compare the different policies regarding women in sports and their criticism from the so-called “sporting feminismˮ. In sports, as a miniature world, we can clearly see the inconsistencies between political goals and the philosophical theories behind them. The study traces chronologically the emergence of different feminist views that emerged in response to existing policies policies purporting to be pro-women.. There are polices for the inclusion of women in the so-called “maleˮ professions, and in sports as (...)
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  44.  16
    The Ethics of Sports Fandom.Adam Kadlac - 2021 - Routledge.
    "Fans largely regard sports as an escapist pursuit-something that provides distraction from the cares and concerns of "real life". This book pushes back against the fully escapist account of sports fandom and argues that we understand the value of fandom in terms of the ability of sports to prompt fans to reflect meaningfully on the notion of the good life. Even if we are not engaged in high-level athletics ourselves, it is possible to learn a great deal from those who (...)
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  45.  16
    On Loland’s conception of fair equality of opportunity in sport.Lynley C. Anderson & Taryn Rebecca Knox - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (9):595-596.
    In his latest paper, Loland1 tackles the question of whether athletes with differences of sexual development may compete in the women’s division. The topic is one of the most complex in sport and, as such, is fraught with debate. On one hand, the higher testosterone levels of athletes with DSD means they have an unfair performance advantage over their female competitors. On the other hand, it is argued that women with DSD should be able to compete in the gender division (...)
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  46.  93
    Something’s Got to Give: Reconsidering the Justification for a Gender Divide in Sport.Andria Bianchi - 2019 - Philosophies 4 (2):23.
    The question of whether transgender athletes should be permitted to compete in accordance with their gender identity is an evolving debate. Most competitive sports have male and female categories. One of the primary challenges with this categorization system, however, is that some transgender athletes (and especially transgender women) may be prevented from competing in accordance with their gender identity. The reason for this restriction is because of the idea that transgender women have an unfair advantage over their cisgender counterparts; this (...)
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  47.  40
    (In)justice on Ice: Valieva and International Sport Governing Bodies’ Justice Duties Toward Underage Athletes.Brett Diaz, Marcus Campos, Matija Škerbić, Cam Mallett & Francisco Javier Lopez Frias - 2022 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 17 (1):70-84.
    After two years of discussions and revisions, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) published the 2021 World Anti-Doping Code on June 16, 2020. Among the most significant additions to this iteration of the Code was the inclusion of new categories of athletes subject to differential treatment by WADA, including the “protected person” category. In this paper, we examine the recent case of figure skater Kamila Valeryevna Valieva, the first athlete given differential treatment due to her being categorized as a “protected person.” (...)
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  48.  82
    Being and Playing: Sport and the Valorisation of Gender.Leslie A. Howe - 2007 - In William John Morgan (ed.), Ethics in Sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. pp. 331.
    Sport acts as a vehicle for the social realization of certain traditional normative frameworks of gender construction and interpretation. Women participating in traditionally male defined sports challenge those frameworks and open the possibility of a redefinition of women’s gender identity, while also raising practical questions concerning women’s control over the means and direction of that redefinition. This paper traces, in both general and personal terms, several of the issues faced by women in “male” sports, especially hockey. These include the problems (...)
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  49.  19
    Recognition, Respect and Athletic Excellence.Sylvia Burrow - 2018 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 14 (1):76-91.
    Scholars across disciplines recognize sport as an institution perpetuating sexism and bias against women in light of its masculine ideals. However, little philosophical research identifies how a masculine environment impacts women’s possibilities in sport. This paper shows that socially structured masculine ideals of athletic excellence impact recognition of women’s athletic achievements while contributing to contexts endangering respect and self-respect. Exploring athletic disrespect reveals connections to more broadly harmful sport practices that include physical and sexual violence. Thus, the practical concern is (...)
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  50.  46
    Racers, Pacers, Gender and Records: On the Meaning of Sport Competition and Competitors.Danny Rosenberg & Pam Sailors - 2014 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 8 (2):172-190.
    This paper examines footraces that are paced and unpaced, and runners who are pre-arranged, designated pacers and those who are not. Although pacesetting is commonplace in footraces today, the practice challenges our conception of sport competition, the nature of competitors and the meaning of records. For example, Bale calls paced races as ‘staged experiments’ to set world records and argues that pacers were crucial in the running career of Roger Bannister. In 2011, the International Association of Athletics Federation banned women’s (...)
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