Este trabajo está dividido en dos partes. En la primera, presento la gran tradición de la filosofía objetiva de la verdad avalada en la obra de Platón, Descartes y Frege. En esencia, esta tradición sostiene que la noción de verdad se ha de entender en relación a la existencia de ciertas entidades, sin las cuales no sería posible determinar la certeza de nuestras proposiciones y en creencias en general. En la segunda parte, presento otra manera de considerar el problema. He (...) decidido llamar a esta tradición la de la filosofía de la acción. No sabría atinar a decir cuántos filósofos habría que incluir en ella; pero yo, por mi parte, me he permitido considerar a Aristóteles, Vico y Wittgenstein. Sostienen que hay nociones como las de habilidad práctica, intención, fines, deseos, creencias, dominio de una técnica o la misma noción escurridiza como lo es de acción, dificilmente se pueden entender en los mismos términos en los que se define la verdad en la gran tradición.This paper is divide into two parts. In the first one, the long philosophical trend related with notion of objective truth is sketched as it is commonly in the work of Plato, Descartes and Frege. According to this view, truth is to be understood in terms of the notion of objects or certain entities without wich no certainty related with our propositions or general beliefs could ever be assessed. In the second part, a different approach is purported; broadly speaking it might be connected with the philosophy of action. The philosophical insights of Aristotle, Vico and Wittgenstein are considered in order to show that notions such as those of practical skill, intention, ends, wishes, the ability to master a particular technique, or the very notion of action can hardly be understood within the frame of the objective theory of truth. (shrink)

Vico dio forma a una rica y atractiva concepción de los estados subjetivos, emociones, esperanzas, temores y –en general– de todas aquellas experiencias morales basadas en su peculiar noción de fantasia. Vico reivindicó que somos capaces de entender el significado de nuestra moral y de los conceptos que empleamos para expresar nuestras visiones éticas a través de los “universales fantásticos” cuando se entienden como arquetipos de nuestras experiencias. Aquiles, Ulises o los dioses y héroes de los mitos clásicos son formas (...) generales o patrones de acción, una cierta clase de prototipos que dan a entender una gran variedad de cualidades y acciones que, de otra manera, resultaría difícil de comprender.Vico shaped both a rich and an attractive view of state of minds, emotions, hopes, fears and of those human experiences which are broadly connected with our moral conceptions based on his bold notion of fantasia. Vico claimed that we are able to understand the meaning of our morals through the universali fantastici when they are understood in terms of archetypes. Achilles, Ulyses or the gods and heroes of the classical myths are pictured as general forms of actions, a sort of prototypes which purport a variaty of qualites and actions which otherwise might be missed. (shrink)

El trabajo se ocupa de la teoría de Vico sobre la providencia. En la primera sección se exhiben las dificultades relacionadas con la interpretación transcendente de la providencia en conexión con las principales tesis contenidas en la "Ciencia Nueva". La segunda parte está dedicada exclusivamente a presentar la interpretación que el profesor Pompa ofrece de la providencia y, finalmente, se señalan algunas objeciones en relación con la noción inmanente de providencia y se sugiere interpretar la noción transcendente de providencia como (...) una explicación de segundo orden.The paper deals with Vico’s theory of providence. In the first section the difficulties involved with the transcendental interpretation is purported in connection with the main thesis containded in New Science. The second part is entirely devoted to present a consistent account of professor Pompa’s view of Vico's theory, and finally some objections to the immanent interpretation are put forward and it is suggested tentatively to understand the notion of transcedental providence as a second order explanation. (shrink)

Este libro incide, tanto en los artículos de Collingwood, inéditos hasta ahora en castellano, como en un conjunto de estudios que buscan desentrañar su pensamiento, aun vigente y anticipador de muchos problemas y cuestiones de la actualidad.

Este libro incide, tanto en los artículos de Collingwood, inéditos hasta ahora en castellano, como en un conjunto de estudios que buscan desentrañar su pensamiento, aun vigente y anticipador de muchos problemas y cuestiones de la actualidad.

Bentham enunció el principio de utilidad por primera vez en el Fragmento sobre el Gobierno, que apareció en 1776. No se sabe con exactitud el proceso intelectual por el que atravesó Bentham antes de llegar a enunciarlo. En ninguna de las cartas que escribió entre 1768 y 1769 existe la menor referencia al descubrimiento, lo que habría sido razonable suponer, si tenemos en cuenta la extraordinaria importancia que el principio tuvo para el desarrollo de su filosofía moral y los programas (...) de reformas sociales y de legislación con los que estuvo comprometido el resto de su vida. La evidencia sobre el hallazgo y enunciación del principio del principio hay que buscarla en lo que, ya casi al final de su vida, le comunicó personalmente a John Bowring. (shrink)

El trabajo comienza con una rápida revisión de las tesis escépticas de Francisco Sánchez para reformular una definición de su principio epistemológico. Poco después se examina el alcance del principio de Vico verum esse ipsum factum en conexión con los problemas que ha planteado Sánchez. Se considera una nueva definición de verdad a la luz del examen del principio de Vico y se termina considerando dos teorías sobre la acción humana, las de von Wright y Donald Davidson.The paper stars with (...) a quick perusal of Francisco Sánchez’s sceptical cristicism and sets forth a tentative definition of his epistemological principle. Shortly after Vico’s principle verum esse ipsum factum is examined in connexion with Sánchez’s esceptical thesis. A new definition of truth is considered and finally two theories on human action are compared with Vico’s principle. (shrink)

We describe a linguistic pattern acquisition algorithm that learns, in an unsupervised fashion, a streamlined representation of corpus data. This is achieved by compactly coding recursively structured constituent patterns, and by placing strings that have an identical backbone and similar context structure into the same equivalence class. The resulting representations constitute an efficient encoding of linguistic knowledge and support systematic generalization to unseen sentences.

Discriminative feature-based methods are widely used in natural language processing, but sentence parsing is still dominated by generative methods. While prior feature-based dynamic programming parsers have restricted training and evaluation to artificially short sentences, we present the first general, featurerich discriminative parser, based on a conditional random field model, which has been successfully scaled to the full WSJ parsing data. Our efficiency is primarily due to the use of stochastic optimization techniques, as well as parallelization and chart prefiltering. On WSJ15, (...) we attain a state-of-the-art F-score of 90.9%, a 14% relative reduction in error over previous models, while being two orders of magnitude faster. On sentences of length 40, our system achieves an F-score of 89.0%, a 36% relative reduction in error over a generative baseline. (shrink)

Motivating this article is an interest in how postphenomenological technical relations participate in aesthetic experiences. Introducing aesthetic experience into our analyses of technical relations allows us to better tease apart the distinction between our relationship with the artefact, and how we experience that relationship. However, the sublime poses a unique set of complications for postphenomenologists. Thanks to the overwhelming qualities of the sublime, it is unclear where sublimity fits within the Ihdean relational taxonomy—or indeed, if it can at all, given (...) that sublime experience would in principle overwhelm and dissolve the extant relation. This article resolves this apparent tension, and offers an accounts of how sublime experience is able to be reconciled with Ihdean postphenomenology. (shrink)

We prove the existence of pairs of models of the same cardinality which are very equivalent according to EF games, but not isomorphic. We continue the paper [4], but we do not rely on it. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim).

El artículo describe los elementos de la pneumatología agustiniana que pueden deducirse de su uso de Ef 4,3. Afirma que esto no niega el contexto claramente cristológico que domina el pensamiento de Agustín, señalando que gran parte de la teología de Agustín sobre el Espíritu Santo hay que buscarla en el contexto y subordinada a su cristología.

Hz. Muhammed’in ve Hz. Hatîce’nin kızı Hz. Fâtıma’ya Şiî düşüncede yüklenen ontolojik ve eskatolojik anlamın mahiyetinin ortaya konulması, özellikle Hz. Meryem ile kurulan analojinin çözümlenmesinde yatmaktadır. Şiî düşünce sisteminde Hz. Fâtıma figürü ile tarihî verileri aşan ve varoluşsal olduğu kadar uhrevî boyutta aktif rol alan bir Hz. Fâtıma imgesi tasavvur edilmiştir. Bu tasavvur, Şiî gelenek içinde imamet nazariyesinin kurumsallaşmasında, şefaatçilik ve arabuluculuk gibi uhrevî ya da şifa vericilik gibi dünyevî tezahürleri ile Hz. Meryem’in karizmasına oldukça benzer biçimde istihdam edilmiştir. Şiî (...) gelenekte Hz. Fâtıma ve Hz. Meryem, benzer bir çile ortaklığında değerlendirilmekte; böylece bu analoji, çeşitli adlandırmalar, bakirelik, doğurganlık, iffet, şefaat, şifa ve bereket kaynağı olma, semavî bir varlık olarak dünyaya gelme, ilahî rızıklara muhatap olma gibi konularda kendisini göstermektedir. Nihayet Şiî düşüncede Hz. Fâtıma figürü bir taraftan ahistorik bir yapıda manevî bir güç kaynağı olarak şekillenirken, diğer taraftan Hz. Meryem tasavvurunda olduğu gibi ikonografik bir yapıya bürünmektedir. Böylece Hz. Fâtıma, Hıristiyanlıktaki mediatrix kavramına yakın biçimde hüküm ve hikmet sahibi bir şefaatçi olarak tasavvur edilmektedir. Şifa ve bereket kaynağı olarak da görülen Hz. Fâtıma, Hz. Meryem’den etkilendiği kadar, özellikle Altayistik alanda Umay Ana figüründen de etkilenmiş, bunun tabi sonucu olarak halk arasında “Fâtıma Ana Eli” şeklinde bir ikon da tezahür etmiştir. Bu makale, tarihî ve dinî olarak önemli ve saygın bir yere sahip olan Hz. Fâtıma’nın, farklı gerekçelerle Bâtıni bazı inanç ve kabullerin referans noktası olacak şekilde değerlendirilmesini, onun tarihsel gerçekliğin ötesinde Bâtınî inanç boyutuna çekilmek suretiyle özellikle Şiî düşüncesinde bir kült varlığa dönüştürülmek istenmesini ve bunun sonuçlarını incelemektedir. Zira bu dönüştürmenin nihayetinde Hz. Fâtıma imajı, Şiî literatüründe, imamet, velayet ve şefaat gibi üst kavramların oluşumunda bir referans olarak kullanılmıştır. (shrink)

This article supports the idea that synthesis, rather than analysis, is the most powerful and promising route towards understanding the essence of brain function being understood at all. It discusses ‘understanding by doing’, outlines a methodology for the use of deep computer simulation and robotics in pursuing such a synthesis, and then briefly introduces the author’s ongoing, long-term attempt to build a neurologically plausible and hopefully at least subconscious being, whom he hopes will eventually answer to the name of Lucy.

Ultimacy talk -- Dreaming -- Suffering -- Creating -- Ultimacy systems -- Slipping -- Balancing -- Eclipsing -- Ultimacy manifestations -- Loneliness -- Intensity -- Bliss.

Many feminist and queer scholars believe that one way to fight racism, sexism and homophobia is to challenge identity labels---ideas of what it means to be “black,” “gay,” “white,” “woman,” “lesbian.” Biology, however, continues to thwart this political agenda; the Body---the biological reality of skin color and sex chromosomes---makes it difficult to propose the idea that identity labels are merely social constructs, not natural facts. Female bodybuilding is a performance that literalizes the body as a site of artificial construction, of (...) intervention, modification. Furthermore, female bodybuilding is a performance of gender bending---women who construct hypermuscular bodies disrupt social norms of gender, performing a kind of self-styled hermaphroditism that begs the question, “why?” This essay explores how female body builders challenge identity labels of sex and gender because of the fact that their gender transgressions occur at the physiological level of the body. I argue that female bodybuilders parody dominant labeling philosophies of sex, gender, and sexual orientation, challenging our sex/gender paradigm in very unique ways. (shrink)

Upon first glance, readers might not think there is much new to be found in the most recent book from Wesley Wildman. After all, seven of the nine chapters contained between its covers began as essays previously published. However, this volume is also the sixth of six in his Religious Philosophy series, so clearly the author is making something of its contents. Indeed, there is much that is worthwhile to be found within. Taken together with the new material, this collection (...) of essays immediately reveals the depths of Wildman's pragmatic commitments. The chapters do not build upon one another like links in a chain or floors in a building from the foundation to the executive suites.... (shrink)

Words, just because they are words, are not inherently clear. The message they contain becomes clear to those who speak the language and are familiar with the issues and contexts. If the message lacks linguistic clarity the recipient of the message will typically make a query that will bring forth further information intended to clarify. The result might be more words, but it might also involve pointing or drawing, or words that utilize other modes such as references to context, history, (...) and so on. If the ambiguity derives from an inconsistency between, say, words and behaviour, one may look to either mode for clarity. Communication, we must accept, actually occurs in messages, and our ability to transmit information may be limited by any number of factors. When we focus entirely on discursive aspects of communication we limit both the ways in which we receive and ways in which we transmit information. The logocentric fallacy is committed when language, especially in it's most logical guise, is seen to be the only form of rational communication. (shrink)

The distributional principle according to which morphemes that occur in identical contexts belong, in some sense, to the same category [1] has been advanced as a means for extracting syntactic structures from corpus data. We extend this principle by applying it recursively, and by using mutual information for estimating category coherence. The resulting model learns, in an unsupervised fashion, highly structured, distributed representations of syntactic knowledge from corpora. It also exhibits promising behavior in tasks usually thought to require representations anchored (...) in a grammar, such as systematicity. (shrink)

Let κ be a singular cardinal. Karp's notion of a chain model of size κ is defined to be an ordinary model of size κ along with a decomposition of it into an increasing union of length cf. With a notion of satisfaction and -isomorphism such models give an infinitary logic largely mimicking first order logic. In this paper we associate to this logic a notion of a dynamic EF-game which gauges when two chain models are chain-isomorphic. To this game (...) is associated a tree which is a tree of size κ with no κ-branches -branches). The measure of how non-isomorphic the models are is reflected by a certain order on these trees, called reduction. We study the collection of trees of size κ with no κ-branches under this notion and prove that when cf = ω this collection is rather regular; in particular it has universality number exactly κ+. Such trees are then used to develop a descriptive set theory of the space cf κ. The main result of the paper gives in the case of κ strong limit singular an exact connection between the descriptive set-theoretic complexity of the chain isomorphism orbit of a model, the reduction order on the trees and winning strategies in the corresponding dynamic EF games. In particular we obtain a neat analog of the notion of Scott watershed from the Scott analysis of countable models. (shrink)

Within New Testament writings, but in a special way in Paul’s letters, we can observe a significant presence of the greek term parresía, or frank language. This term was not only a rhetorical-linguistic instrument, on Paul’s contemporary time, but an attitude made by the speaker, or by the epistolar author before his recipients. On Eph 6,19, we see this term and its relation with the evangelizing mission of the author. Moreover, this concept was not only a linguistic function for Paul’s (...) writings and time actions, but it can have an effectiveness in present time. (shrink)

Spade 1988 sugges t s tha t t he r e are ac tua l l y two theo r i e s t o address t h i s ques t i o n t o , an ear l y one and a l a t e r one . 2 Most o f the presen t pape r i s a deve l o pmen t o f t h i s i dea . I sugges t (...) tha t ear l y work by Sherwood and o the r s was a s tudy o f quan t i f i e r s : the i r semant i c s and t he e f f e c t s o f con t e x t on i n f e r e n ce s t ha t can be made f r om quan t i f i e d te rms . La te r , i n the hands o f Bur l e y and o the r s , i t changed i n t o a s tudy o f someth i n g e l se , a s tudy o f what I ca l l g loba l quan t i f i c a t i o n a l e f f e c t . In sec t i o n 1 , I exp l a i n what these two op t i o n s are. (shrink)

Some intuitions of Sociological Stylistics are effective to better perceive how the intertextual dependence between documents is the reflection of a concrete and historical social dialogism. This approach helps to balance the historicist vision and does justice to the texts. This work analyzes the dependencies between Judg 5:12; Ps 68:19 and Eph 4:8, taking into account their different versions and points of view. These concrete texts show an intertextual dependence in which literality takes a secondary value with respect to the (...) historical novelty that originates the new enunciation. In addition, each new context governs the use of the previous word endowed with authority and does so in order to preserve it. The Christian paschal mystery or the reconfiguration of Judaism after the destruction of the Temple conditions the way of updating an ancient text using it with new purposes. (shrink)