Based on the theory of the transference of meanings by Grant McCracken, this study aims at analyzing the way evangelical opinion leaders are able to transfer cultural meaning to the evangelical retinue products to the Holy Land. As any consumer good, this religious product is filled with cultural significance which comes from the culturally built world, in this case, the religious universe of evangelical people. Such meanings come to inhabit the good through two paths, which are, publicity and trend system. (...) Within the trend system, an important source of meanings is the opinion leaders, which are capable of not only edify, but also reform the senses concerning a good. In order to demonstrate this process, at the end, the study presents the case of apostle Renê Terra Nova, a paradigmatic concerning the evangelical retinues to the Holy Land. It is a study of qualitative and explicative nature realized through documental, bibliographical and ethnographic research accomplished in-person or over virtual ways. (shrink)

Este texto discute a relação imagem/palavra no filme _O Processo do Rei_, de João Mário Grilo, pois acredito que aqui, a palavra ganha uma dimensão imagética e a imagem converte-se em narrativa. O Cinema, na sua origem, foi histórico, e há quem diga que ele sempre o é, apresenta, na sua própria urdidura, as marcas do seu processo de criação. Assim sendo, muitas vezes recorreu-se ao cinema para contar a História, recontá-la, exaltá-la, torná-la imagem para que ela possa, novamente, ser (...) discutida e quiçá, revivida. O grande problema que se põe ao cinema Histórico é: como recontar através de imagens em movimento um tempo que chegou até nós pela palavra e pelas imagens pictóricas? Como manter uma fidelidade imagética ao tema que se pretende retratar? Em alguns casos, o peso da história sufoca o próprio filme (vide algum cinema francês dos anos 40/50). Mais ainda, como ser ao mesmo tempo iconicamente fiel, mas profundamente contemporâneo, explorando aspectos eternos e cíclicos da própria História? O realizador João Mário Grilo conseguiu resolver esta equação em seu filme O Processo do Rei, de 1989, onde a palavra histórica vira imagem, fiel e infiel de um tempo que passou, mas cujo sentido continua profundamente presente. (shrink)

During the 1992–1993 academic year, Harold Garfinkel offered a graduate seminar on Ethnomethodology in the Sociology Department at the University of California, Los Angeles. One topic that was given extensive coverage in the seminar has not been discussed at much length in Garfinkel’s published works to date: Aron Gurwitsch’s treatment of Gestalt theory, and particularly the themes of “phenomenal field” and “praxeological description”. The edited transcript of Garfinkel’s seminar shows why he recommended that “for the serious initiatives (...) of ethnomethodological investigations […] Gurwitsch is a theorist we can’t do without”. Garfinkel’s ethnomethodological “misreading” is not a mistaken reading, but is more a matter of taking Gurwitsch’s phenomenological demonstrations of Gestalt contextures in phenomenal fields and transposing them for making detailed, concrete observations and descriptions of organizationally achieved social phenomena. Where Gurwitsch addresses the organization of perception as an autochthonous achievement, inherent to the stream and field of individual consciousness, Garfinkel extends and elaborates this field into the social world of enacted practices. The April 1993 seminar also is rich with brief asides and digressions in which Garfinkel comments about his use of Alfred Schutz, his attitude toward publishing, his relationship with Erving Goffman, and many other matters. (shrink)

Editors’ AbstractDuring the 1992–1993 academic year, Harold Garfinkel (1917–2011) offered a graduate seminar on Ethnomethodology in the Sociology Department at the University of California, Los Angeles. One topic that was given extensive coverage in the seminar has not been discussed at much length in Garfinkel’s published works to date: Aron Gurwitsch’s treatment of Gestalt theory, and particularly the themes of “phenomenal field” and “praxeological description”. The edited transcript of Garfinkel’s seminar shows why he recommended that “for the (...) serious initiatives of ethnomethodological investigations […] Gurwitsch is a theorist we can’t do without”. Garfinkel’s ethnomethodological “misreading” is not a mistaken reading, but is more a matter of taking Gurwitsch’s phenomenological demonstrations of Gestalt contextures in phenomenal fields and transposing them for making detailed, concrete observations and descriptions of organizationally achieved social phenomena. Where Gurwitsch addresses the organization of perception as an autochthonous achievement, inherent to the stream and field of individual consciousness, Garfinkel extends and elaborates this field into the social world of enacted practices. The April 1993 seminar also is rich with brief asides and digressions in which Garfinkel comments about his use of Alfred Schutz, his attitude toward publishing, his relationship with Erving Goffman, and many other matters. (shrink)

One of three distinct approaches to his famous ‘Trust’ argument, this paper written by Garfinkel in 1960, and never before published, proposed a rethinking of rules, games and linguistic classifications in interactional terms consistent with Wittgenstein’s language games. Garfinkel had been working in collaboration with Parsons since 1958 to craft an approach to culture that would replace conceptual classification with the constitutive expectancies of interaction and systems of interaction. The argument challenged the work of cultural anthropologists influenced by (...) zoology and biology, who called themselves ‘ethnoscientists’ and studied culture in terms of linguistic classification systems. Garfinkel had proposed an alternative sociological ‘ethnoscience’ of culture and language that would focus on how culture was made, on how linguistic events are achieved, and on the rules of their making. This ‘Language Games’ approach followed Wittgenstein in seeking what Garfinkel called a literal description of cultural/linguistic events: meaning by ‘literal’, a step-by-step account of the constitutive and preferred rules participants use to create a recognizable event-in-a-language. Made famous three years later in version associated with Schutz, Garfinkel’s Trust argument also appears in a 1962 text (Parsons’ Primer, published in 2019) in a version built on Parsons. (shrink)

Phenomenological analyses of the orderliness of naturally occurring collaboration.

One goal of the scientific research enterprise is to improve the lives of individuals and the overall health of societies. This goal is achieved through a combination of factors, including the composition of research portfolios. In turn, this composition is determined by a variety of scientific and societal needs. The recent history of polio research highlights the complex relations between research policy, scientific progress and societal benefits. Here, we briefly review the circumstances leading to the possibility of eradication of poliovirus, (...) evaluate the research environment that emerged following the introduction of a vaccine, and compare and contrast the current research framework with that for other infectious diseases. From this analysis, policy lessons with general applicability to scientific research are identified. (shrink)

_Phenomenological analyses of the orderliness of naturally occurring collaboration._.

Este artigo analisa a trajetória do Jardim da Infância da Escola Normal de São Paulo idealizada por republicanos paulistas que tinha como projeto a organização e modernização da instrução pública do estado em fins do século XIX. Mesmo fazendo parte do complexo construído para atender a educação do povo, o prédio idealizado para o Jardim da Infância não resistiu às pressões políticas e econômicas, e foi demolido em 1939. As razões da demolição deste prédio que pôs por terra a estrutura (...) física e administrativa da instituição, que teria perdido relevância na história de sua constituição serão apontadas bem como os valores defendidos e praticados que indicavam a suntuosa arquitetura pensada para esta instituição. Razões que levaram ao desmonte dessa escola na década de 1930, com as possíveis consonâncias e dissonâncias entre as autoridades políticas estão indicadas e analisadas. As transformações urbanas e sociais a partir da Proclamação da República aceleraram o crescimento econômico o qual se traduziu em mais capacidade de investimento para a cidade e ajudou a consolidar o desejo da nova elite de produzir um novo espaço urbano para viver. A modernização da cidade acompanhou essa visão. O palco da nova vida devia ser moderno, confortável e bonito. Seduzido pela propaganda oficial estadonovista e fascinado pelas mensagens de progresso, o povo – sem perceber – aplaudiu a agonia da República e saiu às ruas para venerar Getúlio, pai dos pobres. As constantes reformulações do ensino, as transformações urbanísticas e verticalização da cidade possibilitaram a Prestes Maia dar prosseguimento ao seu Plano de Avenidas e ruir com o prédio original e monumental dessa instituição escolar pública de atendimento a primeira infância. (shrink)

An accompanying website offers a set of interactive debate tutorials, which include photographs of debates; a guide to the participants; a grammar of Tibetan debating, which includes sample propositions, responses, and strategies; the ethnomethods employed by debaters; videos of illustrative debates, complete with English translations, all analyzed in detail in the book; and an appendix comprising an interactive debate, glossary, manual, and illustrations. Please see www.thdl.org/DebateTutorials/ for this material. -- back cover.

Intercultural encounters generally imply dynamics of elaboration of symbolic universes by the social groups affected. Imperial domination of Asia, from the 18 th to the 20 th century, furthered the reinterpretation of existing symbolic universes, such as religious communities, as well as the creation of new modes of symbolic organization of social life, as national communities. This paper analyzes the construction of a religious-nationalist symbolic universe in a context strongly influenced by otherness. We consider the discourse on Hindu nation and (...) its Muslim other, by V.D. Savarkar, a Hindu nationalist ideologue that was written in the early decades of the 20 th century. We adopt phenomenology as theoretical framework and undertake content analysis of a primary source – Hindutva: Who is a Hindu? We argue that the Hindu nationalist ideologue elaborated a rhetoric of annihilation, in which the other of Hindu nation, the Muslim, is depicted as inferior through a double strategy: selective exaggeration of characteristics attributed to the Muslim; transfer of socially negative definitions to the other. (shrink)

RESUMEN La hiperhidrosis primaria, enfermedad crónica por exceso de sudoración, aparece en etapas tempranas de la vida y ocasiona limitaciones que interfieren las relaciones sociales. Esta sintomatología hace que la capacidad de control y tolerancia al estrés sea limitada. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y se aportan resultados cualitativos individuales de tres jóvenes con hiperhidrosis primaria. Por ello el objetivo del presente trabajo es caracterizar el control y tolerancia al estrés asociados a la hiperhidrosis primaria que presentan tres jóvenes hiperhidróticos. (...) Fueron aplicados una entrevista semiestructurada, el Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado y el Sistema Comprehensivo Rorschach. Los resultados son diferentes en los tres jóvenes. Se concluye que las diferencias entre las personas con hiperhidrosis primaria, en relación a su capacidad de control y tolerancia al estrés, están dadas por la combinación característica de elementos que definen la personalidad en estilos y estados en situaciones de demanda social mantenida. ABSTRACT Primary hyperhidrosis, a chronic disease characterized by excessive sweating, appears at an early age and causes limitations that interfere with social relationships. This symptomatology limits the ability to control and tolerate stress. A descriptive research was carried out. It shows the individual qualitative results of three young primary hiperhidrotic people. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to characterize stress control and tolerance associated to primary hyperhidrosis in three young hyperhidrotic people. A semistructured interview as well as the State-Feature Anxiety Inventory and the Rorschach Comprehensive System were used. Results are different in the three young people. It was concluded that differences between people with primary hyperhidrosis, with regard to their ability to control and tolerate stress, lie in the characteristic combination of elements that define the personality in styles and states in sustained social demand situations. (shrink)

Se mencionan hechos importantes y transformaciones ocurridas en el Ministerio de Salud Pública, la Educación Superior desde el siglo XX, y la Colaboración Internacional de Cuba después del triunfo de la Revolución. Se relata la experiencia docente durante 7 años de profesoras especialistas en Ortodoncia, quienes representaron la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas "Carlos J. Finlay" de Camagüey, en la Universidad de Saná en la República de Yemen. El reconocimiento por parte de estudiantes, profesores y evaluadores (...) externos de otras universidades del mundo árabe, sobre la calidad de programas de la especialidad, introducción de formas de organización docentes y la metodología en las evaluaciones frecuentes es una muestra de la utilidad de la colaboración docente cubana en países hermanos. Important events and changes that occurred within the Public Health Ministry, the Higher Education from the 20th century, and the International Collaboration of Cuba after the Triumph of the Revolution are mentioned. The objective of the work is to expose the teaching experiences during the teaching of the undergraduate degree in Stomatology and contribution provided by two medical teachers from the Medical University "Carlos J. Finlay" of Camagüey in Sana'a University, Republic of Yemen during the international collaboration for 7 years. Recognition by students, faculty and external evaluators of other universities in the Arab world on the equality of programs of specialty, introduction of Teaching Organization Forms and the methodology in the frequent evaluations is an example of the usefulness of the Cuban educational collaboration in neighboring countries. (shrink)

BackgroundInaccurate, false or incomplete research publications may mislead readers including researchers and decision-makers. It is therefore important that such problems are identified and rectified promptly. This usually involves collaboration between the research institutions and academic journals involved, but these interactions can be problematic.MethodsThese recommendations were developed following discussions at World Conferences on Research Integrity in 2013 and 2017, and at a specially convened 3-day workshop in 2016 involving participants from 7 countries with expertise in publication ethics and research integrity. The (...) recommendations aim to address issues surrounding cooperation and liaison between institutions and journals about possible and actual problems with the integrity of reported research arising before and after publication.ResultsThe main recommendations are that research institutions should: develop mechanisms for assessing the integrity of reported research that are distinct from processes to determine whether individual researchers have committed misconduct;release relevant sections of reports of research integrity or misconduct investigations to all journals that have published research that was investigated;take responsibility for research performed under their auspices regardless of whether the researcher still works at that institution or how long ago the work was done;work with funders to ensure essential research data is retained for at least 10 years.Journals should: respond to institutions about research integrity cases in a timely manner;have criteria for determining whether, and what type of, information and evidence relating to the integrity of research reports should be passed on to institutions;pass on research integrity concerns to institutions, regardless of whether they intend to accept the work for publication;retain peer review records for at least 10 years to enable the investigation of peer review manipulation or other inappropriate behaviour by authors or reviewers.ConclusionsVarious difficulties can prevent effective cooperation between academic journals and research institutions about research integrity concerns and hinder the correction of the research record if problems are discovered. While the issues and their solutions may vary across different settings, we encourage research institutions, journals and funders to consider how they might improve future collaboration and cooperation on research integrity cases. (shrink)

The organizational climate is the work environment conceived by emotions and motivation of an organization and, an optimal way of increasing participation is with working groups in the dependencies to improve: objectives, processes, conflicts, leadership. Thus the objective was to determine the characterization of variables. The method incorporates the quantitative approach, non -experimental design, descriptive level, applied and transversal type, analysis and deductive methods. The results show, there is a high organizational climate level, due to the contribution of three dimensions (...) or aspects that are: economic conditions, management values and organizational policies. (shrink)

The Health System Food and Nutrition Units are designed to produce and offer balanced meals, establishing dietary patterns, maintaining and restoring the health of the individual. The control of dirty in leftover ingestion can lower costs and organic waste. The objective of the study is to quantify and analyze the leftover intake i meals served to patients, and ingestion of dirty leftovers in collective meals of a Food and Nutrition Unit, located in the Southwest of Paraná. The data were collected (...) in two weeks, being developed in two stages. The first was the determination of the leftover ingestion and dirty remains of the healthy collective, and the second quantification of the rest intake by the patients community. Two scales were used to obtain the total weight of the food distributed in the cafeteria. Vats were weighed, before and after lunch. The garbage bags were weighed in order to quantify the leftover ingestion. The results of total leftovers showed an average of 44.71 kg / day, with a percentage of 44.19% being unacceptable. The leftover intake presented 8.72%, being classified as bad with this waste331 people could be fed. In order to measure the leftover intake by the diseased community, the weights of three lunch boxes were collected; the number of boxes wss added, resulting in kilos of food distributed for the day. Weighing the bags of garbage, was 19.02 kg / day, representing 28.36% of leftover ingestion, being above the acceptable of up to 20%. Based on this data, 148 people could be fed, making it necessary to take in consideration organoleptic criteria, satisfaction surveys, their preferences and nutritional needs, both for the healthy and the diseased group. (shrink)

We present the first comprehensive taxonomic revision and review the biology of the olingos, the endemic Neotropical procyonid genus Bassaricyon, based on most specimens available in museums, and with data derived from anatomy, morphometrics, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, field observations, and geographic range modeling. Species of Bassaricyon are primarily forest-living, arboreal, nocturnal, frugivorous, and solitary, and have one young at a time. We demonstrate that four olingo species can be recognized, including a Central American species (Bassaricyon gabbii), lowland species with (...) eastern, cis-Andean (Bassaricyon alleni) and western, trans-Andean (Bassaricyon medius) distributions, and a species endemic to cloud forests in the Andes. The oldest evolutionary divergence in the genus is between this last species, endemic to the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador, and all other species, which occur in lower elevation habitats. Surprisingly, this Andean endemic species, which we call the Olinguito, has never been previously described; it represents a new species in the order Carnivora and is the smallest living member of the family Procyonidae. We report on the biology of this new species based on information from museum specimens, niche modeling, and fieldwork in western Ecuador, and describe four Olinguito subspecies based on morphological distinctions across different regions of the Northern Andes. (shrink)

RESUMO No presente estudo de casos, discutimos a produção de sentidos carregados com elementos prosódicos no começo da vida. Alinhamos essa discussão com observações de Bakhtin acerca de características da enunciação. Com esse alinhamento investimos em explicações sobre o status linguístico da prosódia nos diálogos entre adulto e bebês em situação de aquisição de linguagem. Os dados foram registros videográficos da interação de duas díades adulto-criança, uma francesa e uma brasileira, durante atividades cotidianas1. Nas análises, comparamos variações da curva entonacional (...) dos enunciados dos adultos com vocalizações dos bebês. Nos resultados discutimos como essas variações refletiram exercícios de posições axiológicas, discutidas no âmbito da apropriação enunciativa. Concluímos que os aspectos prosódicos são recursos principais para enunciação no começo da vida e vinculam as práticas com a linguagem ao desenvolvimento humano. ABSTRACT In the present case study, we discuss meaning production, which is full of prosodic elements in early life. We align this discussion with Bakhtin's observations about the characteristics of enunciation. With this alignment, we invested in explanations about the linguistic status of prosody in dialogues between adults and babies in the process of language acquisition. The data we discuss consist of videographic records of interactions of two adult-child dyads, one French and one Brazilian, both recorded during daily life activities.1 In the analyses, we compared variations in the intonational curves of the adults’ utterances with the babies’ vocalizations. In the results, we discuss how these variations reflected in practices of axiological positions, discussed in the context of enunciative appropriation. We conclude that prosodic aspects are the main resources for enunciation at the beginning of life and they enable the link between language practices and human development. (shrink)

A noção de comportamento se faz importante em Wittgenstein, principalmente relacionada a argumentação da linguagem privada e o seguir regras. O Behaviorismo propõe, justamente, o comportamento, que é desenvolvido posteriormente, como objeto de estudo em uma espécie de revolução da ciência psicológica para que esta ganhasse o estatuto de ciência. Partindo de noções de comportamento distintas em Wittgenstein, no behaviorismo metodológico e no comportamentalismo, o presente ensaio tem quatro objetivos: 1) apresentar uma noção de comportamento em Wittgenstein; 2) apresentar a (...) noção de comportamento para o behaviorismo metodológico; 3) apresentar a noção de comportamento para o comportamentalismo; 4) se a noção de comportamento do comportamentalismo estaria ou não sujeita às críticas de Wittgenstein. Para tanto, inicialmente, apresentaremos brevemente o que ficou conhecido como o Argumento da Linguagem privada nas IF e em seguida serão apresentadas as concepções de comportamento. (shrink)

Since the 1940s Harold Garfinkel developed ethnomethodology as a distinctive sociological attitude. This sociological attitude turns the focus of the analysis of interaction to the actor’s perspective. It suggests that interaction is ongoingly produced through actions that are organized in a retrospective and prospective fashion. The ethnomethodological analysis of interaction therefore investigates how actors produce their actions in light of their analysis of immediately prior actions and in anticipation of possible next actions. Ethnomethodologists describe the relationship of actions emerging (...) from this analysis as “sequential”. This article discusses how Garfinkel’s description of practical action as “experiment in miniature” can be seen as a precursor to the concept of “sequentiality” that defines today’s ethnomethodological analysis of interaction. Having discussed the intellectual background to ethnomethodology the article briefly explores two fragments of interaction audio-/video-recorded in a museum and an optometric consultation to illustrate the key concerns of this kind of analysis. The article closes with a short reflection on current developments in ethnomethodology and their relationship to sociology. (shrink)