Este texto parte de inquietações em torno da prática filosófica com crianças e da escuta que ocorre em algumas comunidades de investigação filosófica (Sharp, 1987; Mendonça & Carvalho, 2018) em contexto escolar. Pensamos nas certezas com que nos movemos nestes espaços e como momentos imprevisíveis podem interromper esses caminhos (aparentemente) seguros, possibilitando novas formas de educar. Esses “momentos críticos” (Haynes & Murris, 2012) surgem a partir da escuta das vozes de crianças e transformam a forma como o educador-investigador-facilitador se conduz (...) na escola e nas reflexões que faz a partir dessas práticas. Desta forma, a pergunta da Inês abre a presente escrita. Partiremos também de diálogos com alguns autores, como seja Jean-Luc Nancy, que nos traz importantes ideias acerca da escuta, e Michael Apple, que nos remete que as escolas podem atuar como mantenedoras de uma situação hegemônica por meio da transmissão de valores e tendências culturais econômicas ao contexto escolar. Seguimos pela importância e reflexão crítica sobre a escuta das vozes das crianças, até nos perguntarmos se a escola escuta e quais vozes são consideradas nessa escuta Além disso, em diálogo com hooks, Freire, Haynes, Murris e Carvalho, propomos pensar a escola também como um espaço político e, sendo assim, como os exercícios e vivências da escuta ali experienciados podem constituir práticas democráticas. Compartilhamos como exemplo duas vivências que buscam escutar as vozes das crianças na sala de aula (uma em um jardim de infância e outra em um projeto escolar). A partir dessas vivências, perpassamos juntamente com Walter Kohan pelos enlaces marginais entre escuta, escola e filosofia. Terminamos referindo que o percurso desta escrita nos conduziu a considerar que a escuta, quando pensada criticamente, pode contribuir para comunidades de investigação filosófica cada vez mais atentas e cuidadosas com a dimensão política das contribuições e falas das crianças. palavras-chave: filosofia para/com crianças, escuta, comunidade de investigação filosófica, escola, educação summary This text is based on concerns about the philosophical practice with children and the listening that occurs in some community of philosophical inquiry (Sharp, 1987; Mendonça & Carvalho, 2018) in a school context. We think about the certainties with which we move in these spaces and how unpredictable moments can interrupt these (apparently) safe paths, enabling new ways of educating. These “critical moments” (Haynes & Murris, 2012) arise from listening to the voices of children and transform the way in which the educator-researcher-facilitator conducts himself at school and in the reflections he makes based on these practices. In this way, Inês's question opens the present writing. We will also start with dialogues with some authors, such as Jean-Luc Nancy, who brings us important ideas about listening, and Michael Apple, who reminds us that schools can act as maintainers of a hegemonic situation through the transmission of values and trends cultural economics to the school context. We continue with the importance and critical reflection on listening to children's voices, until we ask ourselves if the school listens and which voices are considered in this listening. a political space and, therefore, how the exercises and experiences of listening experienced there can constitute democratic practices. We share, as an example, two experiences that seek to listen to the voices of children in the classroom (one in a kindergarten and the other in a school project). Based on these experiences, together with Walter Kohan, we explore the marginal links between listening, school and philosophy. We end by referring that the course of this writing led us to consider that listening, when thought critically, can contribute to philosophical research communities that are increasingly attentive and careful with the political dimension of children's contributions and speeches. keywords: philosophy for/with children, listening, community of philosophical inquiry, school, education resumen Este texto se basa en preocupaciones sobre la práctica filosófica con niños y la escucha que ocurre en algunas comunidades de investigación filosófica (Sharp, 1987; Mendonça & Carvalho, 2018) en un contexto escolar. Pensamos en las certezas con las que nos movemos en estos espacios y cómo momentos impredecibles pueden interrumpir estos caminos (aparentemente) seguros, posibilitando nuevas formas de educar. Estos “momentos críticos” (Haynes & Murris, 2012) surgen de la escucha de las voces de los niños y niñas y transforman la forma en que el educador-investigador-facilitador se conduce en la escuela y en las reflexiones que realiza a partir de estas prácticas. De esta forma, la pregunta de Inês abre el presente escrito. También comenzaremos con diálogos con algunos autores, como Jean-Luc Nancy, quien nos trae ideas importantes sobre la escucha, y Michael Apple, quien nos recuerda que las escuelas pueden actuar como mantenedoras de una situación hegemónica a través de la transmisión de valores y tendencias de la economía cultural al contexto escolar. Continuamos con la importancia y la reflexión crítica sobre la escucha de las voces de los niños, hasta preguntarnos si la escuela escucha y qué voces son consideradas en esa escucha de un espacio político y, por tanto, cómo los ejercicios y experiencias de escucha que allí se viven pueden constituirse democráticos. practicas Como ejemplo, compartimos dos experiencias que buscan escuchar las voces de los niños en el aula (una en un jardín de infantes y la otra en un proyecto escolar). A partir de estas experiencias exploramos, junto a Walter Kohan, los vínculos marginales entre escucha, escuela y filosofía. Finalizamos refiriendo que el transcurso de este escrito nos llevó a considerar que la escucha, cuando se piensa críticamente, puede contribuir a comunidades de investigación filosófica cada vez más atentas y cuidadosas con la dimensión política de los aportes y discursos infantiles. palabras clave: filosofía para/con niños, escucha, comunidad de indagación filosófica, escuela, educación [1] Email: [email protected]. Mestre em Filosofia para Crianças, pela universidade dos Açores (2022); Educador de Infância na rede pública em Portugal; investigador do NICA-UAc: Núcleo Interdisciplinar da Criança e do Adolescente. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3610-6416 [2] Email: [email protected]. Mestra em Filosofia para Crianças - Universidade dos Açores / Portugal. (2022) Atualmente é professora efetiva - Secretaria de Educação do DF/Brasil. Membro do NICA: Núcleo Interdisciplinar da Criança e do Adolescente, da Universidade dos Açores e investigadora do projeto escuto.te: vozes das infâncias entre a filosofia e a política, da responsabilidade do NICA: Núcleo Interdisciplinar da Criança e do Adolescente, da Universidade dos Açore, financiado pelo Governo dos Açores. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2795-5793 [3] Email: [email protected] Mestranda em Filosofia para Crianças da Universidade dos Açores / Portugal. Membro do NICA: Núcleo Interdisciplinar da Criança e do Adolescente, da Universidade dos Açores e investigadora do projeto escuto.te: vozes das infâncias entre a filosofia e a política, da responsabilidade do NICA, financiado pelo Governo dos Açores.orcid.https://org/0000-0002-9098-7157. (shrink)

BackgroundThe outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 has caused a global panic and public concern due to its mortality ratio and lack of treatments/vaccines. Reduced levels of physical activity have been reported during the outbreak, affecting the normal daily pattern.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of physical activity level with sleep quality and the effects of reduction physical activity levels on sleep quality.MethodsA Google form was used to address personal information, COVID-19 personal care, physical activity, and mental health of 1,907 adult volunteers. (...) Binary logistic regression was used to verify the association of physical activity parameters and sleep quality.ResultsInsufficient physical activity levels were a risk factor to have disturbed sleep pattern [OR: 1.28, 95% CI ]; however, when the BMI was added to the analysis, there was no more statistical difference [OR: 1.23, 95% CI ]. On the other hand, we found that the reduction of physical activity levels was associated with negative changes in sleep quality [OR: 1.73, 95% CI ], regardless all the confounders [OR: 1.30, 95% CI ], unless when feeling of depression was added in Model 6 [OR: 1.28, 95% CI ].ConclusionDisruption in daily physical activity routine, rather than physical activity level, negatively influences sleep quality during the COVID-19 quarantine. (shrink)

In Brazil, social science research ethics is a field still under construction and subject to intense dispute. The aim of this paper is to discuss how accepted principles of biomedical research ethics can be incorporated into the ethical review of social sciences, particularly open interviews, ethnographic research, and participant observation. The paper uses a case study—the ethnographic documentary "Severina's Story"—as the basis for analysis of the methodological and ethical issues raised in social science research. To promote ethical social science research, (...) based on principles such as human rights and the protection of vulnerable populations, institutional review boards must be sensitive to the epistemological and methodological particularities of all fields of human subjects research. (shrink)

A geografia viúva da revolução -- A impotência das teorias críticas no domínio prático e a lógica dos maus perdedores -- Das origens às novas gerações da geocrítica : a doutrinação no sistema de ensino -- A geografia escolar : doutrinação ideológica e incapacidade de desenvolver competências -- Um balanço final e um último questionamento.

o presente trabalho pretende investigar tópicos da leitura que Georges Bataille faz da obra de Sade. Trata-se de uma leitura na qual se busca conjugar temas de Hegel com a literatura sadeana. Mais especificamente, Bataille busca entender uma dinâmica de reconhecimento, conforme lida por Kojève, no modo como Sade propõe para nós o desejo, a partir de sua literatura erótica marcadamente peculiar. Para tanto, após uma breve introdução, veremos como Bataille entende o processo antropogênico, o que desse pensamento pode ser (...) retraçado à leitura kojèviana de Hegel e, enfim, como Bataille observa esses elementos na obra do Marquês de Sade. (shrink)

Embora elaborada principalmente na década de 1970 a ética de Hans Jonas permanece atual e é particularmente relevante pelo uso da metafísica em um contexto pós-moderno (algo inusitado e ousado) e por sua teoria dos valores que podem ser atribuídos ao ser e ao não-ser. Pretende-se aqui apresentar as limitações que Jonas detectou nas éticas tradicionais (judaico-cristã, kantiana, por exemplo) e analisar as soluções por ele propostas (notadamente heurística do medo e futurologia comparada). Compreender também a fundamentação de tais soluções (...) (um dos maiores desafios da ética jonasiana). A pesquisa baseou-se em uma revisão bibliográfica que envolve a fonte primária, a obra de Jonas, e fontes secundárias. Constatou-se que a ética de Jonas surge da detecção de um niilismo tanto prático quanto teórico que permitiu um avanço desenfreado da técnica. É necessário então submeter a atividade humana à ética novamente. Para tanto foi utilizada uma ontologia que atribui relevância ética ao metabolismo (e não à razão). Deste modo, a ética da responsabilidade objetiva combater o niilismo e o ceticismo moral e supervisionar o progresso técnico, garantindo assim a existência de uma vida humana autêntica e de uma natureza que tem a si própria como fim. (shrink)

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the Brazilian Supreme Court ruling on the case of anencephaly. In Brazil, abortion is a crime against the life of a fetus, and selective abortion of non‐viable fetuses is prohibited. Following a paradigmatic case discussed by the Brazilian Supreme Court in 2004, the use of abortion was authorized in the case of a fetus with anencephaly. The objective of this paper is to analyze the ethical arguments of the case, in particular the strategy of avoiding the moral (...) status of the fetus, the cornerstone thesis of the Catholic Church. (shrink)

Neste artigo visa-se demarcar os intercursos da ética do discurso de Habermas e da psicologia genética de Lawrence Kohlberg. Se, por um lado, para o filósofo alemão a sua proposta ética pode contribuir para suprir os déficits da psicologia genética em relação ao desenvolvimento moral, por outro lado, a ética do discurso se apoia nas pesquisas empíricas realizadas pelos teóricos da psicologia e, com isso, reforçam a tese da universalidade ética defendida por Habermas e Carl Otto-Apel. No entanto, há limites (...) na demarcação da filosofia e da psicologia por se tratar de campos nos quais as metodologias não se identificam e por assumirem perspectivas epistemológicas distintas, descritiva para a psicologia do desenvolvimento e prescritiva para a ética do discurso. Ainda assim, a filosofia de Habermas pretende estabelecer uma relação com campos distintos de saberes, a partir dos quais garante a interdisciplinaridade e a abertura para o diálogo constante entre saberes diversos. (shrink)

In this article the authors briefly sketch the nature of Brazilian bioethics. Bioethics emerged in Brazil later than in other Western countries and the 1990’s were the most important period for the spread of the discipline in the country. It is in this period that some structural elements of bioethics were established, such as research groups, regulation of Local Research Ethics Committees (Comitês Locais de Ética em Pesquisa – CEP), the creation of the National Commission of Ethics in Research with (...) Human Beings (Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos – CONEP) and the Brazilian Bioethics Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Bioética – SBB). With regard to theoretical work, Brazilian bioethics is clearly an importer of theories from countries central to the studies of bioethics, or, in another words, countries where bioethics first emerged and was established. The most commonly used theory among Brazilian researchers is principlism. (shrink)

Brazilian bioethics became consolidated in the 1990s. It was during this time that teaching and research centers were instituted, associative groups were created, and the first papers of Brazilian authors were published. In Brazil, the first years of teaching and research in bioethics were marked by a strong influence of the United States, particularly in the theoretic and thematic fields. Among the main topics of discussion were subjects related to the end of life and to research involving human beings, and (...) bioethics was then chiefly influenced by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress's theory of the four principles. (shrink)

In this article, I will analyse the conduct of the Brazilian legislative process regarding new reproductive technologies, mainly the moral assumptions of three categories that are essential to the debate: the status of the child generated by these techniques; the number of embryos transferred in each cycle ; and the issue of women’s eligibility for such techniques. The analysis will be a sociological study of the Brazilian legislative debate, using feminist perspectives in ethics as the theoretical reference. The focus will (...) be the bills in progress in the Brazilian National Congress, the public and official declarations of legislators involved in the issue and the regulation of the medical class, which has influenced the legislative process. Aside from the analysis of the legislative process, I include a section on the justification of these bills, since that is where the legislator exposes what he/she believes is the moral support for the bill. (shrink)

In Brazil, social science research ethics is a field still under construction and subject to intense dispute. The aim of this paper is to discuss how accepted principles of biomedical research ethics can be incorporated into the ethical review of social sciences, particularly open interviews, ethnographic research, and participant observation. The paper uses a case study—the ethnographic documentary Severina’s Story—as the basis for analysis of the methodological and ethical issues raised in social science research. To promote ethical social science research, (...) based on principles such as human rights and the protection of vulnerable populations, institutional review boards must be sensitive to the epistemological and methodological particularities of all fields of human subjects research. (shrink)

Pope Jorge Mario Bergoglio released the "Encyclical Laudato Si': on the care of common home" on June 18, 2015, the same day that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has shown that the temperature of Earth continues increasing and that May of 2015 was Earth's warmest month, since 1880. By endorsing the scientific knowledge in relation to anthropogenic factors on global warming and by defending actions to confront the causes of climate change and ecosystem degradation, the Holy See has taken (...) a key step to put Catholics at the forefront of global ecological struggle and to encourage the signing of the global treaty to replace the Kyoto Protocol at the 21st Conference of the Parties, that will take place in December in Paris. But the encyclical of Pope Francis proposes a larger task that is to protect the poorest of the poor countries, addressing jointly the human environment and the natural environment from the perspective of an integral ecology. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the advances and limitations of the propositions of the encyclical Laudato Si ' and to expand the dialogue on gender relations and deep ecology. (shrink)

Human-Computer Interaction and games set a new domain in understanding people’s motivations in gaming, behavioral implications of game play, game adaptation to player preferences and needs for increased engaging experiences in the context of HCI serious games. When the latter relate with people’s health status, they can become a part of their daily life as assistive health status monitoring/enhancement systems. Co-designing HCI-SGs can be seen as a combination of art and science that involves a meticulous collaborative process. The design elements (...) in assistive HCI-SGs for Parkinson’s Disease patients, in particular, are explored in the present work. Within this context, the Game-Based Learning design framework is adopted here and its main game-design parameters are explored for the Exergames, Dietarygames, Emotional games, Handwriting games, and Voice games design, drawn from the PD-related i-PROGNOSIS Personalized Game Suite holistic approach. Two main data sources were involved in the study. In particular, the first one includes qualitative data from semi-structured interviews, involving 10 PD patients and four clinicians in the co-creation process of the game design, whereas the second one relates with data from an online questionnaire addressed by 104 participants spanning the whole related spectrum, i.e., PD patients, physicians, software/game developers. Linear regression analysis was employed to identify an adapted GBL framework with the most significant game-design parameters, which efficiently predict the transferability of the PGS beneficial effect to real-life, addressing functional PD symptoms. The findings of this work can assist HCI-SG designers for designing PD-related HCI-SGs, as the most significant game-design factors were identified, in terms of adding value to the role of HCI-SGs in increasing PD patients’ quality of life, optimizing the interaction with personalized HCI-SGs and, hence, fostering a collaborative human-computer symbiosis. (shrink)

The subject of life, birth and death constitutes one of the main topics in Democritus’ reflection on human questions. He seeks to understand what men think about the processes of birth and death and how they, accordingly, determine their behavior and attitudes. His reflections comprise a wide range of perspectives and aspects that include examining human behaviour and investigating how it reveals a certain temperament or inclination, inquiring about the nature of these processes and extending the analyses of the processes (...) of birth and death to whole beings through the couple generation-corruption. In the present paper, I intend to examine the main theses and arguments which appear in the testimonies and fragments through which Democritus’ thought was transmitted from antiquity. Furthermore, I will also discuss the hypotheses that for Democritus the most important opposition was not life-death, but rather birth-death and that, at the same time, his idea of nature and life comprises both processes in the perspective of atomistic philosophy. I shall show that corruption has to be considered in two different ways, that is, in the context of physical processes that keep the kosmos in its persistence and in the context of the existence of natural beings, both living and lifeless. (shrink)

Our article deals with Aristotle’s account of the sphere of temperance in the Nicomachean Ethics. The goal is to provide a detailed analysis of NE III.10 in order to identify the difficulties this chapter presents us with and to introduce and discuss the interpretations set forth by the secondary literature. Of special interest to us are Aristotle’s intense dialogue with Plato; the difficulty in understanding touch as the most common of the senses and Aristotle’s severe judgment of the pleasures of (...) the sphere of temperance. In short, Aristotle seems to set out from platonic thesis and notions only to distance himself from them by introducing his own, associating temperance with the most common of the senses, namely, the sense of touch. This association is not based, as it could seem primafacie, on a merely empirical observation but on the assumption that touch is the most fundamental and necessary sense for humans and animals alike. Temperance, therefore, as the excellence in the relation with the most fundamental and necessary of the senses, seems to be a pre-condition for rational action. From this Aristotle derives the etymology of the term, as the one who preserves practical reason. This hypothesis would explain why Aristotle seems to engage in apotreptic language to characterize the lack of temperance, that is, the vice of intemperance – something we do not find the in the account of any other virtue and vice. (shrink)

Este artigo pretende discutir a interpretação de Heidegger relativamente a como a metafísica tradicional concebeu as noções de “ser” e de “ente”. De fato, conforme o autor, o pensamento ocidental entendido como metafísica confundiu ser e ente. Em seu início com Platão e Aristóteles, no momento em que o problema concernente ao sentido de ser ganhou fôlego no pensamento desses filósofos, esse tema já caiu no esquecimento e o que ambos conquistaram em suas reflexões se quedou trivializado durante toda a (...) história do pensamento ocidental, com muitas deturpações e incompreensões, até a Lógica de Hegel. Em decorrência disso, analisaremos também as consequências dessa posição fundamental, visto que ao não pensar a diferença ontológica, a metafísica tornou-se onto-teo-logia. (shrink)

O objetivo deste texto é apresentar e debater alguns pontos de interseção da esfera dos direitos humanos com o campo da religião, abordando, em especial, os encontros e desencontros referentes às doutrinas da Igreja Católica sobre os direitos reprodutivos e os direitos ambientais. Para tanto, reconstituímos uma narrativa histórica e relacional do debate sobre as origens e a evolução da transição demográfica e dos direitos humanos, desde a época da Revolução Francesa. Por meio de uma análise comparativa e contextualizada, apresentamos (...) o debate sobre população e desenvolvimento sustentável e as visões sobre os direitos reprodutivos e ambientais expostos em Conferências da Organização das Nações Unidas e nas encíclicas Humanae Vitae e Laudato Si’. Argumentamos que desde o final do século XVIII até os dias atuais, o progresso humano se deu às custas do regresso ambiental e, nessa rota divergente, aumenta a tensão entre a dinâmica do crescimento populacional e a efetivação dos direitos reprodutivos e dos direitos ambientais. Desta forma, assinalamos que no Estado democrático de direito, com respeito aos princípios da laicidade, a tolerância religiosa é essencial para o adequado equacionamento da questão dos direitos reprodutivos e para o aprofundamento do debate sobre os direitos ambientais. (shrink)

Synchronizing oscillations may be just one case of integration and/or coding, one which explains associations by concurrence. Understanding the sequencing of neural/behavioral events requires a clock mechanism that imposes structure behind mere associations, and may be best served by dissociating oscillations and synchronization in terms of physiologic and computational mechanisms.

KOHAN, Walter Omar. Infância. Entre a Educação e a Filosofia. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2003.

Catholicism has been the hegemonic religion in Brazil. However, in recent decades the country is undergoing a major religious transformation, with a drop of Catholic affiliations and rapid growth of evangelicals, and a increase to a lesser pace, of other religions and no-religion. Hence, there is a growing religious plurality, although Christianity remains widely majority in the country. But within the Christian religion there is a change of hegemony between Catholics and evangelicals. An innovation of the dogma and the evangelical (...) practice occurred in the twentieth century, in the United States, allowed the spread of Pentecostal and neo-Pentecostal messages. Brazil, as the largest Catholic country in the world, is highlighted in this process. The state of Rio de Janeiro features as having the smaller proportion of Catholics and the most religiously diverse in the country. Its metropolitan area is the most advanced urban agglomeration in this changing process of hegemony. This paper shows, additionally, that the process of evangelical diffusion follows a spatial pattern that goes along the main roads of the Rio de Janeiro territory having as the focus of diffusion the periphery of the metropolitan area of ​​the State. (shrink)

This study aimed to adapt the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire -Brief Version to the Portuguese elderly, and to investigate the effect of relevant and easy to assess predictors on the strength of religious faith. Participants were 778 non-institutionalized Catholic elderly, with a majority of women, young-olds, with four years or less of education, and practicing Catholics. The sample was randomly split in two to study the invariance and the structural validity of the SCSRFQ-Brief Version across both groups. (...) Following this step, a multiple indicators and multiple causes model for age, gender, educational level, and religious participation influence on strength of religious faith was tested across groups. All predictors were statistically significant, with religious participation being the most influential. The study of religion in the elderly is enriched by resource to valid multiple-item instruments as the SCSRFQ-Brief Version. (shrink)

No âmbito da educação institucional a filosofia tem sido entendida como elemento de cultura com data de nascimento na história. É neste sentido que ela se tornou uma tradição: a tradição de pensar conceitualmente o mundo, pensá-lo na sua universalidade. Por ser uma tradição é que a filosofia permanece em nosso meio; passou de geração para geração e de cultura para cultura. É certo que nessas passagens sofreu transformações (desterritorializações e reterritorializações) que dizem respeito tanto ao filosofar como ao seu (...) produto, as diferentes filosofias. (shrink)

Time plays in different ways in relation to pandemics. Since the early 2000s, for instance, a sense of urgency has been cultivated in anticipation of the "next pandemic"—a rather generative framework that set in place a body of knowledges, practices, resources, and infrastructures unevenly distributed around the world in preparation for a health crisis that was always just around the corner. The omnipresence of the pandemic-to-come created a time of preparedness, of an ongoing expectation of a threat projected into the (...) near future. When the pandemic finally became present, response schemes developed within the realms of biosecurity and of global public health triggered off the time of... (shrink)

Metaphors are central in communication and sense-making processes in health-related contexts. Yet how the metaphors used by health-care-professionals to make sense of their patients and their relations to them are associated to the perceived valence of their clinical encounters is underexplored. Drawing-upon the ABC Model of Dehumanization, this study investigated how the humanizing or dehumanizing metaphors nurses’ use for making sense of their pain patients are associated with how they perceived their relationships with them. Fifty female nurses undertook individual narrative-episodic (...) interviews about easy/difficult cases in pain care. A content analysis classified the metaphors, identifying eight classes reflecting different types of patients (de)humanization. A multiple correspondence analysis extracted patterns of metaphors and their association with the perceived characteristics of the patient-nurse relationship. It showed how these patterns were not associated with patient sex or socioeconomic status (SES) but were related to the perceived valence of the clinical relationship. By uncovering how patient metaphors guide nurses’ sense-making and potentially modulate interactions in clinical encounters, these findings may contribute to improve quality of pain care. (shrink)