This paper is a continuation of [VAK 01]. The notion of local connection algebra, based on the primitive notions of connection and boundedness, is introduced. It is slightly different but equivalent to Roeper's notion of region-based topology [ROE 97]. The similarity between the local proximity spaces of Leader [LEA 67] and local connection algebras is emphasized. Machinery, analogous to that introduced by Efremovi?c [EFR 51],[EFR 52], Smirnov [SMI 52] and Leader [LEA 67] for proximity and local proximity spaces, is developed. (...) This permits us to give new proximity-type models of local connection algebras, to obtain a representation theorem for such algebras and to give a new shorter proof of the main theorem of Roeper's paper [ROE 97]. Finally, the notion of MVD-algebra is introduced. It is similar to Mormann's notion of enriched Boolean algebra [MOR 98], based on a single mereological relation of interior parthood. It is shown that MVD-algebras are equivalent to local connection algebras. This means that the connection relation and boundedness can be incorporated into one, mereological in nature relation. In this way a formalization of the Whiteheadian theory of space based on a single mereological relation is obtained. (shrink)

Ch. 1. Obshta teorii︠a︡ na pravoto -- ch. 2. Filosofii︠a︡ na pravoto.

The article is devoted to the problem of moral motivation. Author presents a view which, as he argues, is able to bridge the gap between acceptance of a moral rule and an action according to this rule. The main issue here is the future ethics that could possibly become a part of environmental ethics if it takes into consideration future goods and condition of nature. The author discusses rationality of moral norms in future ethics from a perspective of a universalistic (...) paradigm. Drawing from Hare and Sidgwick he maintains that temporal position of someone harmed by a present action cannot be relevant to the moral evaluation of the action in question. He also emphasizes that in case when moral agent is a future and abstract one, there is an important factor involved which could have an influence on our moral identity. It plays a crucial role because our ,,natural” motivation to act according to a rule concerns, first of all, moral subjects within a moral community. Birnbacher claims that taking non-moral motivations into account makes the prospects of future-oriented action appear much less gloomy. Therefore, in his project of future ethics, he fuses together levels of moral theory and of emotional basis of our motivation. He illustrates the point by demonstrating that the course of psychological factors has an impact on our motivation for action by the data drawn from empirical social research conducted in Europe and USA. Key words MORAL MOTIVATION, FUTURE. (shrink)

Neuroethik ist eine Disziplin der angewandten Ethik, die sich mit der Praxis und den Folgen neurowissenschaftlicher Forschung beschäftigt. Philosophie des Geistes und Ethik reagieren seit der Antike auf naturwissenschaftliche Herausforderungen. Bis zum 17. Jahrhundert ist das im Wesentlichen in der Perspektive allgemeiner naturphilosophischer Reflexionen erfolgt.

"In einen Toten tritt man ein wie in eine offene Stadt" - so beginnt Thomäs Heidegger-Interpretation, und darin wird zugleich ihr Anspruch deutlich. Wenn Heidegger selbst seine Werke "Wege" nennt, so geht es Thomä darum, dessen philosophische Entwicklung als ein Netz solcher Wege zu erschließen - und zugleich zu fragen, wo Heideggers Irrwege, Abwege oder Auswege einsetzen.

ZusammenfassungGegenüber dem Einsatz der DNA-Phänotypisierung in der Strafverfolgung gibt es Bedenken hinsichtlich der epistemischen Zuverlässigkeit, der Diskriminierung, des Datenschutzes sowie der informationellen Selbstbestimmung. Tatsächliche Opfersituationen stehen dabei nicht im Vordergrund. Bei der normativen Analyse der Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der forensischen DNA-Phänotypisierung hat es aber gerade um die Vermeidung beziehungsweise Begrenzung von Leiden und komplexen Opfersituationen zu gehen, die auch nach der Straftat dynamisch bleiben. Die konkrete Gestaltung der Strafverfolgung entscheidet darüber, welche Ausmaße die Opfersituation annimmt beziehungsweise annehmen wird.