The current study provides data about the immediate risk perceptions and psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among Italian participants. A sample of 1034 volunteers answered a web-based survey which aimed to investigate the many facets of risk perceptions connected to COVID-19 (health, work, economy, social and psychological), and risk-related variables such as knowledge, news seeking, perceived control, efficacy of containment measures, and affective states. Socio-demographic characteristics were also collected. Results showed that although levels of general concern are relatively high (...) among Italians, risk perceptions are highest with regards to the economy and work, and lowest concerning health. Cognitive and affective risk-related variables affected the several risk perception domains differently. COVID-19 knowledge did not affect any risk perception while the perceived control decreased health risk likelihood. The other risk-related variables amplified risk perceptions: News seeking increased work-economy risk; efficacy of containment measures increased all perceived risks; negative affective states of fear, anger and sadness increased health and psycho-social risks; anxiety increased only health risk, and uncertainty increased work-economy and psycho-social risk perceptions. Finally, positive affective states increased health risk perception. Socio-psychological implications are discussed. (shrink)

In Consciousness and the Social Brain, Princeton neuroscientist Michael Graziano lays out an audacious new theory to account for the deepest mystery of them all.

The volume explores the relationship of artists and intellectuals from ancient Greece to modern times.

Adjusting for covariates is a well-established method to estimate the total causal effect of an exposure variable on an outcome of interest. Depending on the causal structure of the mechanism under study, there may be different adjustment sets, equally valid from a theoretical perspective, leading to identical causal effects. However, in practice, with finite data, estimators built on different sets may display different precisions. To investigate the extent of this variability, we consider the simplest non-trivial non-linear model of a v-structure (...) on three nodes for binary data. We explicitly compute and compare the variance of the two possible different causal estimators. Further, by going beyond leading-order asymptotics, we show that there are parameter regimes where the set with the asymptotically optimal variance does depend on the edge coefficients, a result that is not captured by the recent leading-order developments for general causal models. As a practical consequence, the adjustment set selection needs to account for the relative magnitude of the relationships between variables with respect to the sample size and cannot rely on purely graphical criteria. (shrink)

Every day we experience relationships with artefacts, which describe material objects made by humans in order to reach a goal and exploit the human feature to plan ahead. Artefacts bring together cognitive evolution and technical enhancement. Although artefacts are conceived as technical, we are now facing a relationship with Information Technology artefacts. IT artefacts include both hardware and software, as a two-sided entity. The definition of IT artefact corresponds with the Saussurean linguistic sign: a two-sided entity constituted by the signifier (...) and the signified. I claim that IT artefacts share this ontological trait with the linguistic sign. I will show that IT artefacts are the result of design and planning, while language—which is an institution—is not the fabrication of one human but linked to collective human activity. (shrink)

In the Prologue to the Commentary on St. John, Albert the Great uses the image of an eagle to describe the main feature of the Evangelist, that’s the contemplation. As an eagle John flew into the sky of Trinity going beyond creatural limitation and living a experience, that can be interpreted like a raptus. For better understanding the contemplation of John, some texts are very important: De resurrectione; Quaestio de visione dei in patria; Quaestio de raptu, in which the german (...) teacher explains in what sense the human intellect can know the divine infinity. About this problem it’s significant the distinction between “quid est” and “ut est” in God. The article closes showing how John represents a model of a dominican friar in some texts of the Commentary. (shrink)

The elephant in the room -- Crabs and octopuses -- The central intelligence of a frog -- The cerebral cortex and consciousness -- Social consciousness -- Yoda and Darth: how can we find -- Consciousness in the brain? -- The hard problem and other perspectives on consciousness -- Conscious machines -- Uploading minds -- How to build visual consciousness.

The question of the nature and the scope of Theophrastus’ Characters is one of the most intricated and most desperate puzzles of classical studies. Today many scholars are either sceptical about the possibility of giving a univocal answer to this vexatissima quaestio or prefer not to take position about it. Among the most various interpretations four principal theses arise. According to them, the Characters represent respectively: 1. a complement to a treatise of moral philosophy; 2. a literary work written in (...) an artistic prose with a humorous intention; 3. a rhetorical exercise for training in schools of rhetoric; 4. the appendix to a treatise of poetical theory. Through a historical survey of the relevant scholarship, I will show that the first two positions cannot reasonably be held any more. The last two ones, instead, conserve most of their scientific value and should be used in the next future as a new hermeneutical basis for a possible solution or semplification of the ‘Theophrastean question’. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar e comparar o sentido do termo “Deidade" nas obras de Mestre Eckhart e Martin Heidegger. Não obstante as reduzidas referências explicitas à utilização eckhartiana do termo, podemos verificar que aspectos fundamentais desta utilização são retomados por Heidegger servindo, todavia, ao desenvolvimento de um projeto de pensamento que não se deixa harmonizar completamente com a intenção de Eckhart.

In questo contributo si intende affrontare, in un modo che potrebbe sembrare certa­mente azzardato, il progetto filosofico weiliano, e in particolar modo la nozione di ripresa, affiancandolo a quello foucaultiano. Le considerazioni che vi vengono svolte, tuttavia, non intendono mostrare che tra i due progetti si dia una sostanziale comunanza e nemmeno istituire tra essi una sorta di confronto o parallelismo. L’intento, assai più circoscritto, è piuttosto quello di tentare di gettare una luce diversa su alcuni aspetti della nozione weiliana (...) di ripresa collocandosi in parte al di fuori della costruzione della «logica della filosofia», ovvero a partire da una possibile piattaforma esterna rappresentata, in questo caso, dalla scelta di alcuni elementi del discorso foucaultiano, e in modo particolare della nozione di “a priori storico”. (shrink)

Recently we proposed a theory of consciousness, the attention schema theory, based on findings in cognitive psychology and systems neuroscience. In that theory, consciousness is an internal model o...

The article deals with the theme of love in St. Augustine, highlighting how the Bishop of Hippo himself evolved in his own life from carnal and worldly loves to the love of God, as it appears fundamentally in his Confessions. In order to understand the dynamics of love, the article offers a brief summary of the Augustinian anthropological scheme. Some texts from the In epistulam Iohannis ad Parthos tractatus and the In Iohannis euangelium tractatus are also highlighted in order to (...) corroborate the conclusions of the article. (shrink)