El punto de inflexión que marcó el inicio de los constantes conflictos entre la comunidad judía y la comunidad árabe se dio en 1947. Este año marcó el antes y el después luego de los diversos conflictos internos que se desarrollaban en torno a la cultura y la religión que tambaleaba en torno a la migración y el multiculturalismo. Desde entonces Israel ha sabido consolidarse como un Estado con suficiente poder fiscal y militar para mantener su territorio y continuar (...) ocupado regiones que por derecho no se constituyen como suyas valiéndose de métodos como el control de los recursos hídricos fundamentales para que los asentamientos puedan permanecer. En cuanto a la comunidad árabe, la desposesión por la cual se ha visto afectada evidencia la constante violación de derechos humanos, de libertades políticas y discriminación por parte de la comunidad judía que les ha negado cualquier posibilidad de constituirse en autonomía como Estado independiente y declarado. Diversos sectores y organismos internacionales los apoyan y se ha mostrado el interés por constituirse y declararse Estado, pero el estado de guerra sigue presente en el país, lo que evidencia un obstáculo para lograr su liberación y reorganización política, social, económica y cultural. (shrink)

Studies investigating the COVID-19 pandemic from a psychological point of view have mostly focused on psychological distress. This study adopts the framework of existential positive psychology, a second wave of positive psychology that emphasizes the importance of effective coping with the negative aspects of living in order to achieve greater wellbeing. Trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) can be crucial in this context as it refers to emotion-related personality dispositions concerning the understanding and regulation of one’s emotions and those of others. (...) The present study investigated the relationship between trait EI and both wellbeing and psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress), while exploring the mediating role of meaning-centered coping (proactive transformative strategies based on meaning in life) and maladaptive coping (i.e., behavioral disengagement and self-blame) during the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 326 Lebanese adults completed measures of trait EI, wellbeing, psychological distress, coping, and meaning-centered coping. Results showed a strong positive correlation between trait EI and meaning-centered coping. Trait EI also correlated positively with wellbeing and negatively with psychological distress. Structural equation modeling showed that meaning-centered coping partially mediated the relationship between trait EI and wellbeing. Maladaptive coping fully mediated the relationship between trait EI and psychological distress. Findings indicate that trait EI is positively related to dealing with a stressful situation such as the pandemic in positive ways at both the cognitive level, by reformulating the situation to see something valuable in it, and behavioral level, by being proactive about it. Trait EI was positively linked to seeing the situation as an opportunity for personal growth, finding personal meaning in this situation, maintaining an attitude of hope and courage, and acting more responsibly with one’s self and others during the current crisis. In turn, this coping formula was related to lower psychological distress and improved mental health. These results are consistent with the existential positive psychology framework and can inform implementation programs and policies aiming at raising awareness and promoting healthy and successful coping during the pandemic. (shrink)

Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, EarlyView.

This paper explores the antecedents of intra-organizational social capital from a comprehensive perspective that integrates leadership as the main antecedent. To be precise, we propose that intra-organizational social capital is a direct consequence of an organizational ethical and community context to which leadership in the servant dimension plays a transcendental role. Indeed, since the seminal work of Greenleaf the servant leadership concept has been widespread among business academics and professionals for the value it brings to the organization not only in (...) ethical but also in excellence terms. Among the recent styles and theories on leadership up to date, servant leadership fits perfectly an organizational ethical context both at the organizational or group level, acting in addition as a main promoter of that context. Furthermore, servant leadership is linked to the cultivation of helpful, altruistic and servant attitudes among the employees which are useful elements in the generation of social capital inside the organization. A model then for understanding the causes of intra-organizational social capital with a focus on servant leadership is here elaborated from which conclusions and implications for Management will be delineated. (shrink)

A reality-design gap in the conceptualization and practice of digital agriculture has been systematically reported in the literature. This condition is favored by the lack of understanding and inclusion of local worldviews around digital technologies. Informed by Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach, this study looks to bring stories of local appropriation to the spotlight. Based on a qualitative approach that included data collected through interviews with 73 households, the authors explored the way in which two selected communities of Colombian coffee growers (...) are engaged in the use of digital technologies in material and symbolic ways. Three emergent themes—a relational way of farming, (dis)connected machines, and nurtured families and communities – articulate multiple interactions between farmers, farms, institutional programs, and technologies, that originate local forms of digitalization (and non-digitalization). This study points out the relevant role of situated ideas of development in positioning technologies in or out of the farm, and broader digitalization agendas in or out of farmers’ life projects. At the same time, it presents a critique of notions of universality that drive unquestioned quests for technification. In contrast, building on a relational perspective, this study calls for embracing a perspective of multiplicity within notions of development and innovation. (shrink)

We explore a particular type of propagandistic message, which we call “provocative insinuation”. For example: ‘Iraqi refugee is convicted in Germany of raping and murdering teenage girl’. Although this sentence seems to merely report a fact, it also conveys a potentially hateful message about Iraqi refugees. We look at the argumentative roles that these utterances play in public discourse. Specifically, we argue that they implicitly address the question of the integration of refugees and migrants, and in fact aim to tilt (...) the audience against these groups by strongly inviting hearers to make generalisations based on “striking” properties. We examine different strategies to counteract the conveyed hateful message. (shrink)

Los estudios de géneros discursivos han prestado poca atención a las tesis o seminarios producidos para la obtención del grado de licenciatura. En este artículo se describe, desde el enfoque del genre analysis (Swales, 1990), la organización retórica del marco referencial de un conjunto de 30 tesis de pregrado elaboradas por estudiantes de la carrera de Trabajo Social de la UCSC. Se identifican cuatro movidas retóricas: teórico, conceptual, empírico y normativo. Se observa que cada una tiene propósitos diferentes sobre cuestiones (...) teóricas, prácticas y legales relacionadas con el problema social que aborda cada tesis. Se advierte la presencia de algunos pasos retóricos recursivo y, al mismo tiempo, un fuerte compromiso de la investigación con la resolución de un problema social real. Studies of discourse genre have paid little attention to graduation theses produced by undergraduate students. This article describes, from a genre analysis approach (Swales, 1990), the rhetorical organization of the reference framework of a set of 30 undergraduate theses prepared by social work students at the UCSC. The study identifies four rhetorical moves: theoretical, conceptual, empirical, and normative. It is observed that each move has different purposes on theoretical, practical, and legal issues related to the social problem addressed by each thesis. The presence of recursive rhetorical steps is apparent, along with a strong commitment to solving real social problems through research. (shrink)

There has been little research on the vocabulary of the Greek novelists. Gasda studied that of Chariton in the last century. He compared some of his terms with those of other authors and he concluded he should be placed in the sixth century A.D. Then Schmid considered that Chariton's language was not Atticist, and dated his novel in the second century or beginning of the third. In 1973 Chariton's language was studied by Papanikolaou. His research dealt above all with several (...) syntactic aspects and the use of some vocabulary, which led him to conclude that this language was closer to the koiné than that of the other novelists. But Papanikolaou went further in his conclusions: finding no trace of Atticism in Chariton, he considered him a pre-Atticist writer and, using extra-linguistic data, such as the citing of the Seres, the Chinese , placed him in the second half of the first century B.C. This chronology has been accepted by some, but already Giangrande has observed that this lack of Atticisms could have been intentional, in which case that date would be questionable. (shrink)

A internet revolucionou o mundo da informação e da comunicação ao fornecer matéria-prima para o conhecimento e o acesso a novos vínculos cognitivos. Com isso, configura-se um contexto próprio para a renovação do rol de compromissos educacionais. A partir dessa percepção, este ensaio aborda desafios que ganharam relevância, como é caso do apreço à autoria; da paciência para aprender e do cuidado com a disciplina intelectual; do zelo na escolha; do convívio amigável com as incertezas; e da ousadia na construção (...) de projetos. Vive-se uma oportunidade convidativa à liberação da imaginação em busca de utopias com vistas à reconstrução das práticas educativas. (shrink)

El propósito que se guarda aquí es fijar una referencia real para el término «persona». Dicho con otras palabras, se trata de proponer un uso tal de ese término que en él venga a recogerse algo que sea concretamente patente. Ese propósito tiene, pues, un carácter fenomenológico, es decir, se trata de llevar al discurso algo fenoménicamente real.

Tanto la teoría de la elección racional como diversas versiones de estructuralismo adoptan posiciones deterministas en el estudio de la sociedad de consumo. Como consecuencia, explican la relación entre identidad y consumo en términos de racionalidad abstracta o de estructuras de dominación, que niegan protagonismo a las personas concretas en los procesos de construcción identitaria. El realismo crítico relacional aporta una perspectiva de observación más atenta al papel de las personas y a su relación con su contexto sociocultural.

En este contexto interesa preguntarse por la significación y la utilidad que puede tener hoy una conversación con los escritos de Wittgenstein. No es una pregunta que deba interesar sólo a los especialistas, sean filósofos profesionales o de otros campos científicos, sino que es una pregunta que toca los intereses de las personas en cualquiera de los ámbitos de la acción. En el contexto del giro hermenéutico en el pensamiento de Wittgenstein me propongo destacar algunos puntos que pueden dar lugar (...) a un diálogo más amplio entre el pensamiento de Wittgenstein y la hermenéutica filosófica contemporánea, tales como la relación entre los conceptos de ethos o forma de vida, logos, juego, sentido común y cotidianidad. (shrink)

During mouse early development cell adhesion molecules are indispensable for the embryo organisation. A family of molecules probably involved in development is the transmembrane glycoprotein CD44 family, which exists in multiple isoforms. These are generated by alternative splicing of the pre‐mRNA, resulting in the enlargement of the extracellular part of the molecule. The standard form of CD44 is widely expressed in adult tissues and in embryos from day 9.5 post coitum onwards, while the numerous variant isoforms exhibit highly specialised patterns (...) of expression that are already in the egg cylinder at day 6.5 of development. In lymphohemopoiesis, specific variant isoforms also emerge at decisive differentiation stages. Although specific ligands for the variant region still await isolation, the highly organised expression of CD44 variant isoforms suggests they have a pivotal role in cellular interactions during early development, pattern formation and hemopoiesis. (shrink)

Se somete a discusión la utilidad heurística de incorporar la perspectiva de política de las culturas juveniles para analizar los vínculos entre juventud, política y cultura en la contemporaneidad. Si los enfoques tradicionales enfatizaron en el carácter cultural de la política, y enfatizaron en los..

In 1929 spring, a philosophical encounter occurs in the University of Davos between Germany and France. The central subject was the question What is the man? As opposed to the expectation to presence a debate between the French philosophy and the German one, the center of the encounter was the d..

A partir de la constatación de la baja representación femenina en órganos políticos como parlamentos y gobiernos en distintos países y de su escasa presencia en puestos de representación social, todo ello con especial referencia a España, el artículo discute los principales problemas ético-políticos que presenta la propuesta de las cuotas electorales en tres apartados. En el primero considera las principales objeciones en torno a los derechos asociados a la libertad electoral, defendiendo que la mayoría de las limitaciones que las (...) cuotas imponen a esos derechos pueden estimarse como un sacrificio justificado temporalmente para alcanzar el objetivo de una sociedad más igualitaria. El segundo apartado trata las objeciones que el sistema de cuotas se presentan en nombre del carácter individual y, a la vez, no vinculado de la representación, pretendiendo mostrar que las formas de representación por grupos y de intereses parciales no sólo son tradicionales y muy comunes en los sistemas democráticos realmente existentes, sino que pueden ser un precio necesario, de nuevo temporal, para ir acercándose al ideal de una representación de individuos diferentes pero iguales y al fin más desvinculada de intereses parciales. En el tercer apartado se analizan las objeciones contra las cuotas electorales en nombre de la idea de igualdad para poner de manifiesto que, en general, se trata de objeciones que proceden de un malentendido a propósito del significado ético y políticamente defendible de la idea de igualdad. Afrontadas las anteriores objeciones de alcance ético-político, el artículo concluye remitiendo la discusión al ámbito de la política práctica. (shrink)

Relativamente ao ius gentium deparamo-nos com três questões relacionadas: existe na antiga Roma um Direito internacional? Pode dizer-se que sim em dois aspectos: ao estabelecer-se o direito das embaixadas e da guerra e ao regular os pactos internacionais. Internamente, contudo, existirá um directo étnico, um reconhecimento e um respeito pelas diferenças culturais que se verificavam entre as diversas nações e cidades do Orbe? E, mais concretamente, até que ponto é que Roma era tolerante com as diversas religiões das distintas culturas (...) ou, então, proselitista? O ius gentium aplica-se a cada um destes níveis. Estudamos o caso da relação Roma-Gades e os dados com que contribui para a resolução destas questões. (shrink)

The study investigated the influence of resilience and dispositional optimism on, first, emotional distress and, second, the intention to self-isolate, experienced by people with a lower and higher illness risk, during the lockdown imposed in Spain during the first COVID-19 wave. These effects were investigated against the background of the Health Belief Model. A convenience sample of N = 325 participants completed an online survey including an ad-hoc questionnaire measuring the HBM core factors: Perceived health threat, and perceived quarantine benefits (...) and costs. Self-efficacy and perceived social pressure were also measured. Based on reviews regarding pandemic outbreaks, quarantine benefits were conceptualized as the perceived effectiveness and solidary contribution of self-isolating in line with the quarantine protocols. Quarantine “psychosocial” costs were conceptualized as a composite of perceived boredom, loneliness, and economic concerns. Findings revealed an asymmetrical pattern of results so that people at higher risk were more distressed by the perceived severity of getting infected whereas people at lower risk were more distressed by the psychosocial costs. Moreover, resilience and optimism were more “protective” against distress within the lower and higher risk groups, respectively. In addition, quarantine benefits and self-efficacy promoted the intention to self-isolate within both groups. However, optimism hindered such intention. This finding is discussed in the light of links between dispositional optimism and optimistic bias; the underestimation of experiencing negative events, which can relax the perceived health risk. Based on these findings, communication campaigns should prioritize information about the effectiveness of the implemented preventive behaviors rather than the costs of not implementing them, and be cautionary in encouraging excessive optimism. (shrink)

Nos aproximamos a la óptica sobre el régimen político, económico y social surgido en Venezuela luego de 1958 hasta su colapso en 1998. Sintetizamos la dura crítica formulada por los liberales a las políticas económicas de los gobiernos democráticos. Denuncian la mala administración de enormes recursos, la corrupción, la ineficiencia y el despilfarro. Junto al reconocimiento de que, a pesar de sus fallas, existió la democracia política, se señala la necesidad de reformas en el sentido de aumentar la representatividad, el (...) control ciudadano, la descentralización, la plena vigencia del Estado de Derecho, el libre mercado y la responsabilidad individual. (shrink)

Ethics education is an important goal in higher education overall. It is not clear how well psychology programs are meeting this goal. The American Psychology Association’s Guidelines for the Undergraduate Psychology Major (APA 2013) were created to support high-quality education in psychology. The Guidelines focus on five goals including Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World. This study is a review of ethics information available online from Franciscan Colleges and Universities. We accessed 24 Franciscan institutions and reviewed the available (...) information provided by 22 of them. We asked several questions: Whether the psychology department provided a mission statement and was ethics addressed in it? What courses focused on ethics or mentioned ethics in their description? Were there other institutional ethics courses required for psychology majors? Was ethics mentioned in the institution mission? The results of this study indicate a need for more intentional inclusion of ethics in university and program mission statements as well as specific courses for the undergraduate psychology major. (shrink)

La integración de libros electrónicos como elementos destinados a favorecer la construcción de aprendizajes en los procesos educativos, supone una serie de conocimientos previos concernientes a las tendencias hipertextuales del e-book que los estudiantes universitarios deberían poseer, dadas las características de la sociedad actual en la que los jóvenes hacen uso cotidiano de ese tipo de tecnología para llevar a cabo diversas tareas. En ese tenor, el presente trabajo da cuenta de una investigación realizada con una población estudiantil de la (...) Carrera de Cirujano Dentista, cuyo objetivo se encaminó a identificar aquellos elementos involucrados con la adopción del libro en formato electrónico como apoyo didáctico para la asignatura Metodología de la Investigación. (shrink)

Uno de los grandes problemas que enfrenta la educación en la actualidad, radica en el hecho de que los profesores de pronto se ven invadidos, y en su caso, obligados a utilizar las computadoras, los dispositivos móviles e Internet en el salón de clase. La falta de programas efectivos de capacitación y formación docente en el uso y aplicación de las TIC en los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje, se ha convertido en un problema de grandes dimensiones que alcanza prácticamente a (...) todos los niveles educativos. Ante tal escenario, el presente trabajo pretende la adopción por parte de los profesores, de una herramienta que les sea de utilidad para orientar su formación en el campo de las TIC: “El árbol diagnóstico de las competencias digitales”, el cual ofrece un panorama general acerca de los recursos informáticos y de la Web que hemos identificado como relevantes en el ejercicio de la docencia. Este “árbol diagnóstico” es el resultado de un proceso de evaluación y seguimiento llevado a cabo con grupos de profesores que ya utilizan la tecnología en su práctica docente; y tiene la finalidad de orientar y facilitar el aprendizaje autónomo de los profesores que se inician en el uso de las TIC. (shrink)