Two constructions for adding an involution operator to residuated ordered monoids are investigated. One preserves integrality and the mingle axiom x 2x but fails to preserve the contraction property xx 2. The other has the opposite preservation properties. Both constructions preserve commutativity as well as existent nonempty meets and joins and self-dual order properties. Used in conjunction with either construction, a result of R.T. Brady can be seen to show that the equational theory of commutative distributive residuated lattices (without involution) (...) is decidable, settling a question implicitly posed by P. Jipsen and C. Tsinakis. The corresponding logical result is the (theorem-) decidability of the negation-free axioms and rules of the logic RW, formulated with fusion and the Ackermann constant t. This completes a result of S. Giambrone whose proof relied on the absence of t. (shrink)

It is well known that classical propositional logic can be interpreted in intuitionistic propositional logic. In particular Glivenko's theorem states that a formula is provable in the former iff its double negation is provable in the latter. We extend Glivenko's theorem and show that for every involutive substructural logic there exists a minimum substructural logic that contains the first via a double negation interpretation. Our presentation is algebraic and is formulated in the context of residuated lattices. In the last part (...) of the paper, we also discuss some extended forms of the Kolmogorov translation and we compare it to the Glivenko translation. (shrink)

Background:Withdrawal of treatment is a common practice in intensive care units when treatment is considered futile. Compassion is an important aspect of care; however, it has not been explored much within the context of treatment withdrawal in intensive care units.Objectives:The aim was to examine how concepts of compassion are framed, utilised and communicated by intensive care nurses in the context of treatment withdrawal.Design:The study employed a qualitative approach conducting secondary analysis of an original data set. In the primary study, 13 (...) nurses were recruited from three intensive care units within a large hospital in United Kingdom. Deductive framework analysis was used to analyse the data in relation to compassionate care.Ethical considerations:The primary study was approved by the local Research Ethics Committee and the hospital’s Research and Development services.Findings:Compassionate care was mostly directed to the patient’s family and was demonstrated through care and emotional support to the family. It was predominantly expressed through attempts to maintain the patient’s dignity by controlling symptoms, maintaining patient cleanliness and removing technical apparatus.Conclusion:This study’s findings provide insight about compassionate care during treatment withdrawal which could help to understand and develop further clinicians’ roles. Prioritising the family over the patient raised concerns among nurses, who motivated by compassion, may feel justified in taking measures that are in the interests of the family rather than the patient. Further work is needed to explore the ethics of this. (shrink)

Interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR) is gaining momentum in academic and managerial circles. However, prior work in the area has paid little attention to how CSR initiatives should be implemented inside the organization. Against this backdrop, this study examines the impact of CSR initiatives on an important stakeholder group—employees. We build and test a comprehensive multilevel framework that focuses on whether employees derive job satisfaction from CSR programs. The proposed model predicts that a manager’s charismatic leadership influences employees’ interpretations (...) about the motives underlying their companies’ engagement in CSR initiatives (intrinsic and extrinsic CSR-induced attributions) which, in turn, influence employee job satisfaction. Hierarchical linear modeling of data from 47 organizational units comprising 438 employees from three world-leading manufacturing organizations shows that when employees think that their manager possesses charismatic leadership qualities, they tend to attribute the organization’s motives for engaging in CSR activities to intrinsic values, which, in turn, are positively associated with job satisfaction. Also, the extent to which managers are perceived as charismatic leaders relates positively to job satisfaction. Interestingly, CSR-induced extrinsic attributions are neither explained by charismatic leadership nor do they predict job satisfaction. Implications for both theory and practice are discussed. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is first to show that if X is any locally compact but not compact perfect Polish space and stands for the one-point compactification of X, while E X is the equivalence relation which is defined on the Polish group C(X,R +*) by where f, g are in C(X,R +*), then E X is induced by a turbulent Polish group action. Second we show that given any if we identify the n-dimensional unit sphere S n with (...) the one-point compactification of R n via the stereographic projection, while E n , r is the equivalence relation which is defined on the Polish group C r (R n ,R +*) by where f, g are in C r (R n ,R +*), then E n , r is also induced by a turbulent Polish group action. (shrink)

Seize plaques de marbres du gymnase d’Andros ont été trouvées à l’état fragmentaire. De longueur et largeur irrégulières, mais de hauteur constante, elles vont s’épaississant régulièrement d’un long côté à l’autre. Des graffiti sont inscrits sur le côté vertical et étroit de ces plaques, plus rarement aussi sur un autre côté. Ces plaques rappellent les bancs des gymnases et des palestres où, dans ce que l’on appelle l’ephebeion, les jeunes gens assistaient aux leçons. Les graffiti trouvés dans cette pièce reflètent (...) la vanité des éphèbes. Le soin de la gravure sur deux des plaques (n° 1-2) permet de déduire que les graffiti ont d’abord été inscrits sous les auspices d’un magistrat tel que le gymnasiarque. Le nom de l’éphèbe parvenu à l’âge adulte pouvait être effacé et remplacé par un autre nom, mais la gravure ne révèle plus le même soin. L’étude de la prosopographie d’Andros et du contexte historique permet de dater les plaques du début du IIe s. av. J.-C. leur utilisation s’étendant au cours des IIe et Ier s. av. J.-C. (shrink)

ABSTRACTPreviously depressed individuals experience disturbances in affect. Affective disturbances may be related to visual mental imagery, given that imagery-based processing of emotional stimuli causes stronger affective responses than verbal processing in experimental laboratory studies. However, the role of imagery-based processing in everyday life is unknown. This study assessed mental imagery in the daily life of previously and never depressed individuals. Higher levels of visual mental imagery was hypothesised to be associated with more affective reactivity to both negatively and positively valenced (...) mental representations.This study was the first to explore mental imagery in daily life using experience sampling methodology. Previously depressed and matched never depressed individuals participated in this study. Momentary affect and imagery-based processing were assessed using the “Imagine your mood” smartphone application. Participants recorded on average 136 momentary reports ove... (shrink)

This article addresses death as a biological event and attempts to approach it as a mystery within the light of the Orthodox Christian theology and tradition. First, the value of the last moments of the life of a human being is analyzed; then the state of living is differentiated from the state of surviving that results, in some extreme cases, from the intrusion of technology in medicine. The article elaborates on the sacred and spiritual character of death which, when viewed (...) within the light of Christ’s resurrection, is transformed into a great blessing. The last part of the article focuses on the newly emerged issue of euthanasia and the reasons behind it. It poses certain vital questions that ought to be answered before legalization gets on its way. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the position of the Orthodox Church of Greece on death, dying and euthanasia. (shrink)

Hinton’s methodology of perceiving four-dimensional space is based on the application in higher dimensions of the geometric properties of objects that exist in our familiar three-dimensional space and on colouring all the points of these objects according to their movement through these four dimensions. Hinton applied his methodology on coloured cubes, thus leading to a mental perception of the hypercube. In this article, we evolve Hinton’s methodology aiming at the mental perception of the hypersphere, based on tracing and colouring the (...) hypersphere’s points according to their four coordinates. Finally, we describe an interactive application that we developed for visualizing the hypersphere. (shrink)

We investigate the Fourth Spatial Dimension, also known as ‘hyperspace’, by researching the capabilities of the human senses from the perspective of art and technology. The geometric approach of the fourth spatial dimension is studied through mathematical logic and the properties of simple geometric hyper-solids are examined. Focusing on the different ways that scientists and artists approached the Hyperspatial cognitive perception, we propose new aesthetic approaches by researching the capabilities of the human senses/bio-sensors and the brain. We present an interactive (...) art installation for approaching the hyper-sound, with reference to the Varèse and Helmholtz description, but also in conjunction with gravitational waves, an interactive art application about visualization of Hyperspace resulting from our evolution of the Hinton Coloured Cubes Method and an artistic approach to connect Johan Van Manen’s intuitive ‘hypersphere’ with the Quantum Geometry of String Theory, proposing a new cosmological model. Through these methods, a reasoning is developed between the objective scientific thought and the freedom that Art offers generating a practical result: a series of innovative audio and visual stimuli created via innovative audio-visual digital technology. Hence, we merge computer science with sensory technology and artistic knowhow, to define the required knowledge base that today can be found in an emerging professional, the ‘technartist’. (shrink)

Robots seemingly in possession of an experiential mind, as well as humans allegedly incapable thereof, have been reported to elicit feelings of eeriness in their perceivers. The current work re-examined this claim, asking participants to rate both robots and humans in various social situations regarding their mind capacities, non-mind qualities, and overall appeal. It was found that feelings of eeriness towards both targets formed a distinct emotional response that was separable from simple dislike. Yet, unexpectedly, eeriness towards both targets intensified, (...) the less they were seen as possessing a typical human mind. For robots, however, this association was less consistent. Moreover, eeriness towards robots, but not towards humans, was most strongly predicted by a lack of perceived usefulness. These results indicate that mind attributions affect people’s attitudes towards each other more strongly than their attitudes towards humanoid robots. (shrink)

The impact of Islam upon women’s entrepreneurship in conflict zones is woefully absent from the entrepreneurship literature. This is due to the absence of published scholarship about this context rather than the absence of Muslim women’s entrepreneurship there. To address the gap in the literature, we offer a contextualized analysis and contribution by adopting an Islamic feminism lens and explore how Islamic feminism empowers women entrepreneurs and their entrepreneurial activities and behaviours in conflict zones. We argue that Islamic feminism is (...) a process of ‘ijtihad’ shaping the business ethics of Muslim women entrepreneurs operating in conflict zones and removing the traditional, patriarchal, colonial and other cultural layers with which Islam has been veiled. The findings from the 16 Muslim women entrepreneurs operating in Afghanistan, Iraq and Palestine and participating in our study reveal that Islamic religiousness plays a critical role in shaping the Muslim women’s entrepreneurial behaviour and their ability to endure the hardships of living in a conflict zone. Within all three research contexts, the participants interpreted and practiced their Islamic religiousness in ways consistent with Islamic Feminism principles and that deviated from patriarchal Islam dominating their conflict zones. This paper contributes to the growing research areas on Islamic feminist foundations for business ethics and women’s entrepreneurship in conflict zones by exploring how Islamic feminism empowers women entrepreneurs in Muslim conflict zones. (shrink)

This paper summarizes a theory of cognitive development and elaborates on its educational implications. The theory postulates that development occurs in cycles along multiple fronts. Cognitive competence in each cycle comprises a different profile of executive, inferential, and awareness processes, reflecting changes in developmental priorities in each cycle. Changes reflect varying needs in representing, understanding, and interacting with the world. Interaction control dominates episodic representation in infancy; attention control and perceptual awareness dominate in realistic representations in preschool; inferential control and (...) awareness dominate rule-based representation in primary school; truth and validity control and precise self-evaluation dominate in principle-based thought in adolescence. We demonstrate that the best predictors of school learning in each cycle are the cycle’s cognitive priorities. Also learning in different domains, e.g., language and mathematics, depends on an interaction between the general cognitive processes dominating in each cycle and the state of the representational systems associated with each domain. When a representational system is deficient, specific learning difficulties may emerge, e.g., dyslexia and dyscalculia. We also discuss the educational implications for evaluation and learning at school. (shrink)

Située dans une vallée fertile, au débouché de la passe de Gravia, entre les pentes extrêmes du Ghiona et du Parnasse, la ville d’Amphissa a occupé depuis l’Antiquité une place stratégique dans l’histoire diplomatico-militaire, place dont témoigne l’ampleur des fortifications de toutes époques conservées aujourd’hui. Face au défi que représente la compréhension de ces vestiges relativement peu étudiés jusqu'à présent, une équipe internationale et transdisciplinaire s’est constituée depuis 2017 avec pour but l'étude des systèmes défensifs d’Amphissa dans la longue durée. (...) La présente communication expose les premiers résultats de cette enquête. (shrink)

This is also where we begin investigating lattices of logics and varieties, rather than particular examples.

We provide an alternative proof of the decidability of the equational theory of lattices. The proof presented here is quite short and elementary.

In 1825, Johann Theodor Voemel published Nicholas of Methone’s Refutatio institutionis theologicae Procli Platonici. Thus, for the first time an important document of Byzantine philosophy became accessible to researchers, which also allowed important insights into the medieval history of the reception of Proclus’ Institutio theologica in the Byzantine Empire. The essay reconstructs the genesis of this edition and the history of its early reception. While it focuses on Creuzer’s contribution to the publication of Refutatio, it also takes the achievements of (...) Johann Theodor Voemel and Carl Ullmann into consideration. In so doing, the essay provides new findings concerning the study of Neoplatonism during the classical period of German philosophy. (shrink)

Substructural logics have received a lot of attention in recent years from the communities of both logic and algebra. We discuss the algebraization of substructural logics over the full Lambek calculus and their connections to residuated lattices, and establish a weak form of the deduction theorem that is known as parametrized local deduction theorem. Finally, we study certain interpolation properties and explain how they imply the amalgamation property for certain varieties of residuated lattices.

Equivalences and translations between consequence relations abound in logic. The notion of equivalence can be defined syntactically, in terms of translations of formulas, and order-theoretically, in terms of the associated lattices of theories. W. Blok and D. Pigozzi proved in [4] that the two definitions coincide in the case of an algebraizable sentential deductive system. A refined treatment of this equivalence was provided by W. Blok and B. Jónsson in [3]. Other authors have extended this result to the cases of (...) k-deductive systems and of consequence relations on associative, commutative, multiple conclusion sequents. Our main result subsumes all existing results in the literature and reveals their common character. The proofs are of order-theoretic and categorical nature. (shrink)

Given a positive universal formula in the language of residuated lattices, we construct a recursive basis of equations for a variety, such that a subdirectly irreducible residuated lattice is in the variety exactly when it satisfies the positive universal formula. We use this correspondence to prove, among other things, that the join of two finitely based varieties of commutative residuated lattices is also finitely based. This implies that the intersection of two finitely axiomatized substructural logics over FL + is also (...) finitely axiomatized. Finally, we give examples of cases where the join of two varieties is their Cartesian product. (shrink)

We develop a general algebraic and proof-theoretic study of substructural logics that may lack associativity, along with other structural rules. Our study extends existing work on substructural logics over the full Lambek Calculus [34], Galatos and Ono [18], Galatos et al. [17]). We present a Gentzen-style sequent system that lacks the structural rules of contraction, weakening, exchange and associativity, and can be considered a non-associative formulation of . Moreover, we introduce an equivalent Hilbert-style system and show that the logic associated (...) with and is algebraizable, with the variety of residuated lattice-ordered groupoids with unit serving as its equivalent algebraic semantics. Overcoming technical complications arising from the lack of associativity, we introduce a generalized version of a logical matrix and apply the method of quasicompletions to obtain an algebra and a quasiembedding from the matrix to the algebra. By applying the general result to specific cases, we obtain important logical and algebraic properties, including the cut elimination of and various extensions, the strong separation of , and the finite generation of the variety of residuated lattice-ordered groupoids with unit. (shrink)

Με αφορμή ένα γεωμετρικό αμφορέα του επιγάστριου αττικο-κυκλαδικού τύπου από το νεκροταφείο της Ελεύθερνας, διακοσμημένο με τρεις μετόπες ομόκεντρων κύκλων στη ζώνη της κοιλιάς, συζητούνται τα προβλήματα τυπολογίας και προέλευσης αυτής της χαρακτηριστικής κατηγορίας αγγείων στο φως της νεότερης έρευνας. Η τεχνοτροπία όλων των αμφορέων αυτού του τύπου, δηλ. με δύο ή με τρεις μετόπες ομοκέντρων κύκλων, ακολουθεί πάντοτε τον αττικό ρυθμό, αλλά ενώ η αττική καταγωγή των διμετο- πικών αμφορέων του τύπου ουδέποτε αμφισβητήθηκε, η καταγωγή των τριμετοπικών αμφορέων, που (...) παρουσιάζουν ευρύτατη διάδοση στο Αιγαίο και κυρίως στις Κυκλάδες, άλλοτε αποδίδεται στην Αττική και άλλοτε στις Κυκλάδες. Στη μελέτη αυτή επιχειρείται ένας επαναπροσδιορισμός της τυπολογίας του επιγάστριου ομοκεντρικού αμφορέα και συζητείται διεξοδικά η κατηγορία των αμφορέων με τρεις μετόπες. (shrink)

All known structural extensions of the substructural logic $\textbf{FL}_{\textbf{e}}$, the Full Lambek calculus with exchange/commutativity (corresponding to subvarieties of commutative residuated lattices axiomatized by $\{\vee, \cdot, 1\}$ -equations), have decidable theoremhood; in particular all the ones defined by knotted axioms enjoy strong decidability properties (such as the finite embeddability property). We provide infinitely many such extensions that have undecidable theoremhood, by encoding machines with undecidable halting problem. An even bigger class of extensions is shown to have undecidable deducibility problem (the (...) corresponding varieties of residuated lattices have undecidable word problem); actually with very few exceptions, such as the knotted axioms and the other prespinal axioms, we prove that undecidability is ubiquitous. Known undecidability results for non-commutative extensions use an encoding that fails in the presence of commutativity, so and-branching counter machines are employed. Even these machines provide encodings that fail to capture proper extensions of commutativity, therefore we introduce a new variant that works on an exponential scale. The correctness of the encoding is established by employing the theory of residuated frames. (shrink)