Extensive research has been carried out on the “Belt and Road” initiative, most of it focusing on geographical economy and international trade. However, there is a lack of research on the carbon emissions efficiency of the countries along the “Belt and Road,” especially regarding the impact of freight trade. To address this research gap, this paper first employs a metafrontier nonradial directional distance function to measure the carbon emission efficiency of 32 countries along the “Belt and Road” from 1990 to (...) 2014. It then examines the role of freight trade. Our main research findings are as follows. Firstly, the carbon emission efficiency of the countries along the “Belt and Road” is generally low. Among them, Russia and Central Asia are mainly due to the large between-group gap in carbon emission efficiency, while Southeast Asia, Western Asia and North Africa, East Asia, South Asia, and Central and Eastern Europe are mainly due to the large within-group gap. Secondly, freight trade promotes carbon emission efficiency, but it will aggravate the gap between the contemporaneous technology and the group technology. Freight trade mainly promotes the contemporaneous carbon emission efficiency and group-frontier carbon emission efficiency of low fossil energy dependent countries, and the metafrontier carbon emission efficiency of high fossil energy dependent countries. Thirdly, foreign direct investment has a significant negative effect on a host country’s ITCEI and GTCEI, and it will decrease the gap between the group technology and the metafrontier technology. However, freight trade can effectively prevent the entry of FDI, thereby indirectly improving carbon emission efficiency and reducing carbon emission gap. (shrink)

Knearest neighbor search is an important problem in location-based services and has been well studied on static road networks. However, in real world, road networks are often time-dependent; i.e., the time for traveling through a road always changes over time. Most existing methods forkNN query build various indexes maintaining the shortest distances for some pairs of vertices on static road networks. Unfortunately, these methods cannot be used for the time-dependent road networks because the shortest distances always change over time. To (...) address the problem ofkNN query on time-dependent road networks, we propose a novel voronoi-based index in this paper. Furthermore, we propose a novel balanced tree, namedV-tree, which is a secondary level index on voronoi-based index to make our querying algorithm more efficient. Moreover, we propose an algorithm for preprocessing time-dependent road networks such that the waiting time is not necessary to be considered. We confirm the efficiency of our method through experiments on real-life datasets. (shrink)

Hu, Weixi 胡偉希, Transformation of Knowledge into Wisdom : The Qinghua School and 20 th Century Chinese Philosophy 轉識成智—清華學派與20世紀中國哲學 Shanghai 上海: Huadong Shifan Daxue Chubanshe 華東師範大學出版社, 2005, xv+297 pages.

Following the idea of L -fuzzy generalized neighborhood systems as introduced by Zhao et al., we will give the join-complete lattice structures of lower and upper approximation operators based on L -fuzzy generalized neighborhood systems. In particular, as special approximation operators based on L -fuzzy generalized neighborhood systems, we will give the complete lattice structures of lower and upper approximation operators based on L -fuzzy relations. Furthermore, if L satisfies the double negative law, then there exists an order isomorphic mapping (...) between upper and lower approximation operators based on L -fuzzy generalized neighborhood systems; when L -fuzzy generalized neighborhood system is serial, reflexive, and transitive, there still exists an order isomorphic mapping between upper and lower approximation operators, respectively, and both lower and upper approximation operators based on L -fuzzy relations are complete lattice isomorphism. (shrink)

이 책의 출판에 즈음하여 글로 쓴 초상화 - 참으로 이러하셨다 일생의 좌우명 1부 - 성현의 길 1. 학문을 말하다 뜻을 구함 뜻을 세움 스스로의 인격을 위한 공부가 중요합니다 스스로 성인이 되는 공부입니다 앎과 실천 지식과 실천 학문과 수양 학문을 실천에 옮김 진리를 깊이 파고드는 방법 진리를 따름 인간과 자연을 깊이 있게 관찰하십시오 독서 방법 선현들의 책과 의문점 널리 읽음과 요약함 숨은 공부 익숙하게 하는 것이 귀하다 스스로의 허물을 고치는 약 너무 급히 나아가려 하지 말아야 합니다 공부도 건강을 유지하면서 해야 합니다 (...) 옳은 것을 배운다는 뜻 공부가 몸에 익음 스승이 있어야 하겠더군요 옛것을 살펴 그에 의지함 성현을 눈 앞에 그려봄 덕과 학문을 익힘 학문을 말함 학문의 의지 학문의 두 방법 학문하는 요령 선비 학문의 특징 선비가 학문하는 일 기氣를 기르는 일에 대하여 『대학』이 가르치는 것 『서명西銘』이라는 글 책을 쓰는 일 가르치고 배우는 법 성현을 모시고 받듦 학문의 남모르는 즐거움 일상생활에서 익힘 배우는 사람 마음의 병 2. 마음공부를 말하다 사람의 마음 마음의 본바탕 마음이 움직일 때와 고요할 때를 함께 관철하시오 마음을 알아야 합니다 마음에는 여러 모습이 있습니다 마음 닦는 공부는 이러합니다 고요함을 기르다 마음을 하나로 하여 만 가지를 주재하는 공부입니다 진리 앞에 경건한 마음을 지켜 나가는 요령 마음을 놓느냐 잡느냐에 달려 있을 뿐입니다 마음을 공부하는 방법 마음의 병을 다스리는 요령 가족에게 화를 잘 내는 일 명의재라는 집을 읊음 2부 - 처사의 길 1. 자연과 벗하며 세상을 즐기다 토계 개울가에 집을 짓고 고향 생활 산골 생활 산과 숲에 묻혀 삶 한가이 앉다 소백산에 품겨서 강물과 암석 사이 취미 생활 시 짓기 붓글씨 기행문 쓰기 국화 길에 서리 내리다 눈 속 대나무를 노래함 달구경 대숲의 맑은 바람 매화가지 끝에 밝은 달 봄을 느끼다 연꽃을 사랑함 세상 더나 살아서 계절마다 좋은 점 월란대 절에 묵으며 감회를 적음 벼랑 위의 참나무 2. 스스로 경계하며 사람들과 함께하다 몸가짐 학자의 병 착실한 공부 입으로 하는 학문 요행을 기뻐하지 마라 끝내 성과가 없는 사람 과장하여 빛내려 하지 말라 너무 빠른 성공은 좋지 않습니다 날마다 노력함 과감한 힘 세속의 흐름을 다르지 않기 학문의 타락 스스로를 구짖음의 한계 변명하지 않음 공부를 하다 말다 하는 병폐 꿋꿋해야 합니다 공변된 마음 납작바위 이익 추구와 도의 참다운 이익 밭을 사는 일 참다운 우정 친분이 있는 사람과 없는 사람 스승과 제자 사이의 에절 어른 앞에서는 이름을 부른다 평소의 예절 도리와 인정 위생의 이치를 지킴 가난을 참으며 순리대로 살아라 칭찬 듣는 것이 걱정 퇴게 선생의 예절 생활 퇴게 선생의 협동과 검소함 남이 보지 않는 곳에서 더욱 삼가셨다 퇴계 선생이 바라는 것 평소에 품고 있는 뜻 3부 - 제가의 길, 치국의 길 1. 집안을 꾸리다 부부 사이의 존경 부부 사이의 애도하는 정과 효도 지극한 효도와 참다운 효도의 이치 몸을 훼손하여 효도하는 일 부모를 위하여 직접 음식을 만드는 일 지조 있게 부모 모시기 효도하기 위해 벼슬하는 일 부모를 욕되게 함 부모의 상례와 인정 어버이로서의 자식 걱정 어버이의 적절한 자식 사랑 남의 어버이와 나이 많은 사람 섬기기 어른을 존중하는 것이 시초이다 조상의 업적을 기록하는 일 혼인 예물을 분수에 맞게 하자 예식을 정하는 일 제사 예절 상례 예절 가정생활 가정을 거느리는 일상생활에서도...... 2. 나라를 생각하다 벼슬살이 선비의 벼슬살이 벼슬 생활 벼슬을 사양하는 이유 벼슬을 사양하는 도리 개혁의 어려움 신의와 예절 임금과 신하 사이의 예우와 도리 임금의 이기심에 대하여 임금의 정치 방법 참된 교육을 위하여 서원을 키워야 합니다 선비의 귀함 선비를 양성하는 일 「예안향약」의 조목들 나랏일 걱정 병적 조사에 대하여 백성 걱정 세금 걷는 일 대마도 주인에게 답함 왜의 사신을 끊지 말기를 바라는 상소 압록강 세 섬의 밭갈이를 금함 의주성의 지리 부록 ᆞ생애 1. 탄생 2. 학문에 뜻을 세우다 3. 벼슬살이 시절 4. 학문과 교육의 시절 5. 돌아가신 뒤 6. 근현대의 퇴계학 ᆞ경공부 입문 ᆞ퇴계의 도학 찾아보기. (shrink)

Based on the theory of commitment and trust, this paper constructs an online consumer purchase decision model, empirically studies the common values, online trust, commitment and purchase decision, and explores the influence mechanism and path of online consumer purchase decision. The results show that common values of shopping platforms and online consumers have a significant positive impact on trust and commitment, among which the common value orientation of mutual trust and commitment compliance has the most significant impact, which reflects the (...) core content of common values. Secondly, the confidentiality of buyer information, common value of ethics, accurate disclosure of information, and finally the attitude to solve problem;The establishment of online trust has a significant positive impact on commitment, and both online trust and commitment are positively related to purchase decision. In terms of research methods, the theory of commitment and trust is introduced into the study of online consumption on Chinese shopping platforms, which expands the scope of application of the theory of commitment and trust. The trust of online consumers is generated by their own shopping experience. The conclusion of this study provides a decision-making basis for the innovation of marketing model and has theoretical reference value. (shrink)

Dieser Band dokumentiert die Vorträge einer Tagung, die im Oktober 2014 im Frankfurter Haus am Dom als Tagung der Katholischen Akademie Rabanus Maurus, der Kant-Gesellschaft und der Kant-Forschungsstelle der Universität Trier unter dem Titel "Das Verhältnis von Recht und Moral in Kants praktischer Philosophie" stattgefunden hat. Die Tagung war dem Problem der Gliederung der praktischen Philosophie Immanuel Kants, der systematischen Unterscheidung ihrer beiden Abteilungen, der Rechtslehre und der Ethik im engeren Sinne, sowie den daraus resultierenden Problemstellungen gewidmet. Naturgemäß steht Kants (...) Metaphysik der Sitten mit ihren beiden Systemteilen, den Metaphysischen Anfangsgründen der Rechtslehre und den Metaphysischen Anfangsgründen der Tugendlehre, im Zentrum der Beiträge, aber die Frage nach dem Verhältnis von Recht und Ethik spielt auch in anderen Schriften Kants eine zentrale Rolle. Die in diesem Band versammelten Beiträge beziehen sich in ganz unterschiedlicher Weise auf das übergreifende Thema der Tagung. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei vor allem die Probleme der Abgrenzung, wie sie sich innerhalb der Rechtslehre selbst ergeben. Dies ist dadurch bedingt, dass Fragen, die sich innerhalb der juridischen Sphäre stellen, in der Ethik in veränderter Perspektive ebenfalls behandelt werden. This volume documents the papers given at the conference “The Relationship between Law and Morality in Kant’s Practical Philosophy”, held by the Rabanus Maurus Catholic University, the Kant Society and the Kant Research Centre at the University of Trier. The conference was devoted to the problem of classifying Kant’s practical philosophy, of the systematic difference between ist two parts, the theory of law and ethics, and the questions that arrive from this. Naturally Kant’s metphysics are central to the contributions, which take different approaches to the theme of the conference. The focus is on the problems of demarcation as they arise within the theory of law in consequence of the fact that questions posed within the judicial sphere are similarly examined from a different perspective in the ethics. (shrink)

People implicitly generalize the actions of known individuals in a social group to unknown members. However, actions have social goals and evaluative valences, and the extent to which actions with different valences (helpful and harmful) are implicitly generalized among group members remains unclear. We used computer animations to simulate social group actions, where helping and hindering actions were represented by aiding and obstructing another's climb up a hill. Study 1 found that helpful actions are implicitly expected to be shared among (...) members of the same group but not among members of different groups, but no such effect was found for harmful actions. This suggests that helpful actions are more likely than harmful actions to be implicitly generalized to group members. This finding was replicated in Study 2 by increasing the group size from three to five. Study 3 found that the null effect for generalizing harmful actions among group members is not due to the difficulty of detecting action generalization, as both helpful and harmful actions are similarly generalized within particular individuals. Moreover, Study 4 demonstrated that weakening social group information resulted in the absence of implicit generalization for helpful actions, suggesting the specificity of group membership. Study 5 revealed that the generalization of helping actions occurred when actions were performed by multiple group members rather than being repeated by one group member, showing group-based inductive generalization. Overall, these findings support valence-dependent implicit action generalization among group members. This implies that people may possess different knowledge regarding valenced actions on category-based generalization. (shrink)

本书分为十章,主要内容包括:陶行知教育思想与中小学创造教育实验、陶行知教育思想与基础教育教学改革、陶行知教育思想与基础教育课程改革、陶行知教育思想与中小学德育等.

This contributed volume includes both theoretical research on philosophical logic and its applications in artificial intelligence, mostly employing the concepts and techniques of modal logic. It collects selected papers presented at the Second Asia Workshop on Philosophical Logic, held in Guangzhou, China in 2014, as well as a number of invited papers by specialists in related fields. The contributions represent pioneering philosophical logic research in Asia.

Since December 2019, the COVID-19 has continued to rage, and epidemic prevention policies have limited contact between individuals, which may has a great influence on the income of individuals, exacerbate anxiety and depression, and cause serious mental health problems. The current study aims to examine the association between income and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic by using the data of 9,296 observations from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies. Employing ordinary least squares regression and two-stage least squares regression, we (...) find the significant positive effect of income on Chinese mental health during this pandemic. In addition, the number of cigarettes smoked per day has significant negative effects on mental health. Education levelˎmarriage and exercise frequency have significant positive correlation with mental health. Furthermore, the impact of income on individuals of different groups is heterogeneous during this pandemic. The impact of income for well-educated individuals is less strong than their less-educated counterparts. People who exercise regularly respond less strongly to changes in income than those who do not exercise. Finally, individuals’ salary satisfaction and interpersonal relationship are shown to be the potential mechanism for the effect of income on Chinese mental health. (shrink)

Das vorliegende Werk stellt eine Einführung in die ethisch-politischen Konzepte der islamischen Theologie dar, so wie sich diese aus den religiösen Primärquellen ableiten lassen. Eine sich hieraus ergebende "islamische Politik" fusst dabei auf dem Grundsatz der sozialen Gerechtigkeit, die sich von der göttlichen Gerechtigkeit ausgehend in allen Sphären zwischenmenschlicher und sozialer Beziehungen, bis hin zur politischen Ordnung manifestieren sollte, um den Anspruch einer theologisch legitimierten Form der Politik erfüllen zu können. Dabei hat es historisch betrachtet verschiedene Ausformungen und Umsetzungen, abhängig (...) von den jeweiligen Faktoren, wie kulturelle Identität und geographische Lage gegeben. (shrink)

In the human-computer interaction, electroencephalogram access for automatic emotion recognition is an effective way for robot brains to perceive human behavior. In order to improve the accuracy of the emotion recognition, a method of EEG access for emotion recognition based on a deep hybrid network was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the collected EEG was decomposed into four frequency band signals, and the multiscale sample entropy features of each frequency band were extracted. Secondly, the constructed 3D MSE feature matrices were (...) fed into a deep hybrid network for autonomous learning. The deep hybrid network was composed of a continuous convolutional neural network and hidden Markov models. Lastly, HMMs trained with multiple observation sequences were used to replace the artificial neural network classifier in the CNN, and the emotion recognition task was completed by HMM classifiers. The proposed method was applied to the DEAP dataset for emotion recognition experiments, and the average accuracy could achieve 79.77% on arousal, 83.09% on valence, and 81.83% on dominance. Compared with the latest related methods, the accuracy was improved by 0.99% on valence and 14.58% on dominance, which verified the effectiveness of the proposed method. (shrink)

本书分十六章,内容包括:庄子就是这样跩;何处得逍遥;至人神人圣人;齐物与齐人;朝三暮四和朝四暮三;是蝴蝶梦庄周,还是庄周梦蝴蝶?庄子的养生之道等。.

BackgroundNurses are facing increasing pressure due to the progressing of society, broadening of nursing service connotation, and increasing of the masses’ demand for medical treatment. Psychiatric nurses face suicides, violence, and lost along with other accidents involving patients with mental disorders under higher psychological pressure. A coping style, which is affected by individual emotions and cognition, is an essential psychological resource that allows individuals to regulate stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between self-acceptance and the (...) positive coping style of psychiatric nurses, and investigate the mediating role of emotional intelligence.MethodsA total of 813 psychiatric nurses from six natural regions in Shandong Province were investigated using the Self-Acceptance Questionnaire, Emotional Intelligence Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and self-compiled general information questionnaire.ResultsThe total EIS score of psychiatric nurses was 3.848 ± 0.459. The highest score was for others’ emotional management and the lowest was for emotion perception. EIS and positive coping style were statistically significant based on age, work experience, professional title, education level, and gender. Self-acceptance was statistically significant only for professional titles. Self-acceptance and emotional intelligence were positively correlated with positive coping style. The factors were also positively correlated with each other. Self-emotion management, others’ emotional management, emotion perception, self-acceptance, and education level jointly predicted positive coping styles. Emotional intelligence partially mediated the relationship between self-acceptance and positive coping styles, with a mediating effect of 16.3%.ConclusionEmotional intelligence and self-acceptance can promote positive coping styles and improve psychiatric nurses’ mental health. (shrink)