Este artículo busca describir y analizar de manera general los diferentes mecanismos y elementos de la política pública que facilitan el movimiento y/o la expansión de los agricultores de la soja, en el Estado de Mato Grosso y específicamente en la municipalidad de Sorriso, y las principales consecuencias económicas, sociales y ambientales. El trabajo está estructurado en cuatro partes. La primera caracteriza y describe los principales mecanismos con que la política pública favorece la expansión y/o ocupación de la soja en (...) el Estado de Mato Grosso. La segunda muestra las principales consecuencias sociales y medioambientales que acompañan al modelo de producción. La tercera plantea la necesidad de “políticas públicas de promoción” y modelos organizacionales como arreglos, innovaciones y sistemas productivos, que consideren las condiciones económicas locales. Finalmente se exponen las conclusiones. (shrink)

Traditionally the study of chemical elements has been limited to well-known concepts like the periodic properties and chemical families. However, current information shows a new and rich language that allows us to observe relations in the elements that are not limited to their positions in the table. These relations are evident when reactions are represented through networks, as in the case of similar reactivity of organic compounds sharing functional groups. For the past two decades, it has been argued that network (...) reactions may be considered the core of chemistry. This network, which constitutes the basic set of chemical knowledge, provides the basis for classification and delivers routes to obtain new and known substances. In order to provide an example, we constructed and analyzed a network of chemical elements from the formation of stoichiometric binary compounds, providing to the chemistry, a formal structure of extracting the chemical knowledge. Thus, we explored all possible presence of relationships among elements. Concepts like degree centrality and centralization, the relationships among metals, semimetal and nonmetal classes, blocks, and chemical families were analyzed. We observed that the network structure had a small core set of elements of high reactivity and also a peripheral set of elements of low reactivity. The classes, blocks and families show the following increasing order of reactivity: nonmetals > semimetals > metals; p > s > d > f; and families: boron, carbon, pnictogens, chalcogens, halogens, lanthanoids > other families. This example shows, from the network perspective, that the elements and their classifications exhibit properties such as the reactivity, order, and similarity. (shrink)

In this paper, we review the conventional analyses of management control systems, to conclude, first, that the illusion of control can mislead managers into believing that everything can be controlled and monitored, and, second, that no incentive system based only on extrinsic rewards can motivate individuals properly. Then, we investigate the philosophical foundations of the basic assumptions that, implicitly or explicitly, are made about the nature of the acting person. Based on personalist phenomenology, we show how the development of technical (...) and moral values is crucial to the long-run survival of organizations. We end by offering some guidelines as to what control systems should be like in order to be compatible with the nature of human persons. (shrink)

Currently, a central question in biology is how signals from the cell surface modulate intracellular processes. In recent years phosphoinositides have been shown to play a key role in signal transduction. Two phosphoinositide pathways have been characterized, to date. In the canonical phosphoinositide turnover pathway, activation of phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C results in the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphospate and the generation of two second messengers, inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. The 3‐phosphoinositide pathway involves protein‐tyrosine kinase‐mediated recruitment and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, resulting (...) in the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4‐bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5‐trisphosphate. The 3‐phosphoinositides are not substrates of any known phospholipase C, are not components of the canonical phosphoinositide turnover pathway, and may themselves act as intracellular mediators. The 3‐phosphoinositide pathway has been implicated in growth factor‐dependent mitogenesis, membrane ruffling and glucose uptake. Furthermore the homology of the yeast vps34 with the mammalian phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase has suggested a role for this pathway in vesicular trafficking.In this review the different mechanisms employed by protein‐tyrosine kinases to activate phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, and its involvement in the signaling cascade initiated by tyrosine phosphorylation, are examined. (shrink)

Dos místicos relativamente contemporáneos: Etty Hillesum y Benjamín González Buelta; dos estilos, dos contextos y una coincidencia establecida desde sus experiencias espirituales, en profunda conexión con la realidad, en medio de la vida y sus desafíos. Hillesum no habla propiamente de la experiencia mística, sin embargo, su proceso personal existencial en el duro contexto de guerra que le tocó vivir, la condujo a descubrirse profundamente habitada. Su experiencia de Dios le hizo posible comprender y gestionar el dolor en medio de (...) la guerra, así como la necesidad de ‘hacerse bálsamo sobre las heridas’ de sus hermanos judíos. Etty es una mística de ojos abiertos. Benjamín González Buelta ha profundizado en la comprensión de la mística, describiéndola y analizándola desde la experiencia de Dios en el contexto latinoamericano. Su reflexión permite hoy leer a Etty Hillesum desde la perspectiva del místico de ojos abiertos. (shrink)

In this commentary, we criticize the argument that allowing euthanasia for people with disabilities is ableist. We analyze the distinction between facts and values in medical assistance in dying, the expressivist objection, and the problem of crypwashing.

Este libro es un homenaje a la trayectoria intelectual y académica de la profesora María Teresa López de la Vieja, Catedrática emérita de la Universidad de Salamanca. En él se trazan algunos de los caminos que, con su obra, nos invita a transitar. El volumen recoge contribuciones de colegas de varias nacionalidades y procedentes de diversos ámbitos de reflexión que le son afines: la filosofía moral y política, la literatura, la teoría de la argumentación, los estudios feministas, las éticas aplicadas, (...) la bioética. Los capítulos que componen este libro dan voz a varias generaciones de investigadoras e investigadores que han acompañado y acompañan su andadura académica y que aquí dialogan con ella haciendo propias sus preocupaciones intelectuales. Con su participación contribuyen al justo reconocimiento de su dedicación a la labor docente e investigadora. (shrink)

The last years of the 20th Century have been somewhat contradictory with respect to values like loyalty, trust or truthfulness. On the one hand, (often implicitly, but sometimes very explicitly), self-interest narrowly defined seems to be the dominant force in the business world, both in theory and in practice. On the other hand, alliances, networks and other forms of cooperation have shown that self-interest has to be at least "enlightened".The academic literature has reflected both points of view, but frequently in (...) an ambiguous way, since the concepts of loyalty and trust are somewhat elusive and equivocal. This paper attempts to analyze the concept of loyalty in depth, examining the different conceptions about the word that can be found in the literature. We begin by going to the management classics (specifically, Follett, Barnard and Simon), and we then turn to the anthropological approach of Pérez López (1993), with its built-in ethical analysis, and show how trust and loyalty are crucial to the development of organizations. We end by suggesting in what ways loyalty and trust can be created and fostered in organizations. (shrink)

El análisis pretende acercarse a las cuestiones que se derivan del reconocimiento de la educación como un componente clave de la reconversión productiva de las ciudades. La construcción local de prioridades educativas constituye, a nuestro juicio, unos de los territorios en los que hemos de problematizar los modos en que es tematizada la reconversión de la ciudad de rango medio en el discurso social de Olavarría, Argentina. Para ello se procura dar cuenta de aquellos factores estructurales que contribuyen a la (...) emergencia de nuevos actores, nuevos discursos y nuevos significados al tiempo que abrevan en el pasado, lo redefinen y resignifican. (shrink)

Returning to the famous prologue to the book Difference and Repetition, in which Gilles Deleuze points out that the time is approaching when it would not be possible to write a philosophy book as before, we will try to think about the deleuzian evocation of the need to adopt a new tone and new rules for the exercise philosophical. We believe that resuming this philosopher's appeal would launch us into the heart of deleuzian and deleuze-guattarian conception of philosophy as experimentation. (...) The author suggesting that a philosophical treatise should sound as much like a kind of detective novel as it does like science fiction. This excursion, we argue, would not only help us in the deleuzian and deleuzo-guattarian understanding of philosophy as experimentation, but would also make it possible to outline some clues about the role of the history of philosophy at the heart of this conception. (shrink)

There are many theories about organizations that are mutually inconsistent with each other, which explain phenomena to very similar extents. Most of them ignore the ethical dimension completely. In this paper I put forth the basic principles for a theory of decision-making in organizations, which integrates ethics in the core of the theory. It is based on the work of Juan Antonio Pérez López [1991, Teoría de la Acción humana en las organizaciones (Ediciones Rialp, Madrid), 1993, Fundamentos de la Dirección (...) de Empresas (Ediciones Rialp, Madrid)] and is essentially a humanistic view of the interrelationships between people and its implications for organizational decision-making. I will first show that in any relationship between two people, the learning of the two is crucial for such a relationship to last; and then I will expand on the different aspects of that learning. This analysis will then be applied to the organizational context as a basis for organizational decision-making, Second, it applies the previous analysis to the organizational context as a basis for organizational decision making, showing how any decision in an organization needs to be analyzed on the basis of three criteria (short-run effectiveness, development of distinctive competence, and unity and identification with the organization) and how ethics is included in the last two. (shrink)

Na digressão da Carta Sétima (341c-d – 344d-e) Platão faz uma descrição do caminho filosófico e do limite dos discursos, sejam escritos ou falados, para se alcançar e comunicar o conhecimento dos seres e da virtude. A digressão critica a produção, por parte de Dionísio, jovem tirano de Siracusa, de um tratado sobre a filosofia platônica, visando suas ‘doutrinas’, como se já soubesse tudo sobre os princípios supremos da realidade. Nesse artigo pretendo ler a digressão acerca do conhecimento filosófico e (...) sua transmissão, não como um desvio do curso da Carta, mas como parte central para entender sua mensagem a filosofia platônica em geral– evidenciando através do texto suas múltiplas e importantes ligações com os diálogos. Palavras-chave: Escrita; Metafísica; Platão; Carta Sétima; Digressão. The digression on knowledge in the platonic Seventh Letter Abstract: In the digression of the Seventh Letter (341c-d–344d-e) Plato describes the philosophical path and the limits of discourses, whether written or spoken, to reach and communicate the knowledge of beings and virtue. The digression criticizes the production, by Dionysius, a young tyrant of Syracuse, of a treatise on Platonic philosophy, aiming at its 'doctrines', as if he already knew everything about the supreme principles of reality. In this article I intend to read the digression about philosophical knowledge and its transmission, not as a deviation from the course of the letter, but as a central part to understand the message of the letter and of Platonic philosophy in general – evidencing through the text its multiple and important connections with the dialogues. Keywords: Writing, Metaphysics, Plato, Seventh Letter, digression. La digression sobre el saber en la Séptima Carta platonica. Resumen: En la digresión de la Carta Séptima (341c-d – 344d-e) Platón describe el camino filosófico y los límites de los discursos, sean escritos o hablados, para alcanzar y comunicar el conocimiento de los seres y de la virtud. La digresión critica la producción, por parte de Dionisio, un joven tirano de Siracusa, de un tratado sobre la filosofía platónica, apuntando a sus 'doctrinas', como si ya supiera todo acerca de los principios supremos de la realidad. En este artículo pretendo leer la digresión sobre el conocimiento filosófico y su transmisión, no como una desviación del curso de la Carta, sino como parte central para comprender el mensaje de la carta y de la filosofía platónica en general – evidenciando a través del texto sus múltiples e importantes conexiones con los diálogos. (shrink)

Functions and objectives serve as an incentive for children living in Brazil to question their role as a child in society.

Despite the widely known Latin proverb, according to which about tastes it should not be discussed, concerning judgments of taste, we do dispute. However, based on what? If someone disagrees with our judgment, judging differently than us, we seek arguments to try to convince them otherwise. But by which arguments? The paper dwells on the issues about what underlies the arguments we use to justify our judgments of taste and how reliable these arguments are. From eighteenth-century philosophy to contemporary philosophy (...) of consciousness and mind, the aim here is to show that judgments of taste involve self-knowledge and that the question “how does it feel?”, at first glance simple, does not seem to be so easy to answer. (shrink)

Este artículo se pregunta qué se conmemorará realmente en el 40° aniversario de la guerra de Malvinas (1982-2022), contrastando las modalidades de recordación pública que tendrán lugar en 2022 y las lecturas que ha aportado la academia sobre lo sucedido en aquel entonces. La reflexión elabora comparativamente estos significados y describe qué hemos hecho los investigadores argentinos en ciencias sociales con el conflicto armado anglo-argentino por las Malvinas e Islas del Atlántico Sur, examina los fundamentos que subyacen a esos significados (...) y sostiene la tesis de que los académicos universitarios hemos ignorado el carácter bélico de la iniciativa de la tercera junta de la última dictadura militar, el autodenominado Proceso de Reorganización Nacional (1976-1983). Así, este artículo muestra que los protagonistas directos de la guerra y sus analistas postulan sentidos alternativos que se reelaboran como una paradoja de difícil comprensión: una causa popular originada en una cuestión de soberanía territorial pendiente fue acometida, con éxito y respaldo popular, por una ya antipopular y sangrienta dictadura militar. (shrink)

Este texto destina-se ao estudo das características do gosto popular na cidade do Rio de Janeiro revelando a assimilação dos elementos do paradigma clássico utilizados na Europa até ao séc. XIX.

En el ámbito de la situación presente de crisis de lo humano, así como de la efusión actual del fenómeno místico, esta reflexión se aproxima a la experiencia mística contemporánea a través de uno de sus testigos: Etty Hillesum. El acercamiento a la trama narrativa de su diario hizo posible que el decir del ser, el decir sobre lo humano en la experiencia mística se abriera paso a través de un ejercicio hermenéutico existencial con la mediación del relato. El asunto (...) central consistió en buscar en la experiencia mística la raíz y expresiones de su fuerza humanizadora. En este sentido, a partir de una aproximación a ‘lo humano’ desde las categorías: interioridad, actitud teologal y alteridad, la reflexión abrió el paso a la consideración sobre la experiencia mística y su conexión con ‘lo humano’ que busca humanidad. Asunto éste que hizo posible plantear algunas perspectivas que contribuyan a explicitar el potencial humanizador de la Experiencia Mística hoy. ln the ambit of the present situation of the crisis of the 'human', as well as of the current outpouring of the mystic phenomenon, this reflection approaches contemporary mystical experience by one of its witnesses: Etty Hillesum. The approach to the narrative of her diary made it possible to soy of the "being", which is to say about the human in the mystical experience would open a way through a hermeneutic existential exercise with the mediation of the story. The main issue consisted of searching in the mystical experience, the root and expressions of its humanizing force. In this sense, from an approximation to the 'human' from the categories: interiority, theological attitude and otherness, the reflection opened the way for consideration on the mystical experience and its connection with the 'human' which seeks its humanity. This matter which made it possible to set out some perspectives that contribute to make explicit the humanizing potential of the Mystical Experience today. (shrink)

Resumo : O presente artigo objetiva investigar o tema cultura da paz no contexto das novas tecnologias. Não obstante os meios de comunicação exponham as diversas faces da violência, o fato é que se está vivendo, em todos os cantos do mundo, um período de muito interesse, criatividade e empenho na luta pela paz. Para explicitar isso, o texto buscará articular quatro pontos: 1) estabelecer a questão fundamental da educação e da cultura da paz , discernindo seu objetivo e escopo (...) fundamental; 2) delinear a habilidade fundamental a ser desenvolvida no processo de educação para a paz, a formação da competência comunicativa; 3) descrever as características fundamentais da metodologia da educação para a paz: a formação de comunidade, o espaço do debate e a ação para a paz; 4) relacionar, finalmente, esses aspectos da educação para a paz com as novas tecnologias. Palavras-chave : Educação. Paz. Tecnologias. Justiça. Direitos humanos.: The present paper aims to research into the theme of the culture of peace in the context of the new technologies. Although the means of communication expose the several faces of violence, the fact is that we are living everywhere in the world a period of great interest, creativity and commitment to the struggle for peace. In order to demonstrate this the text will try to articulate four points: 1) to establish the fundamental question of education and the culture of peace distinguishing its objective and fundamental scope; 2) to delineate the fundamental ability to be developed in the process of education for peace, the formation of communicative competence; 3) to describe the fundamental charac-teristics of the methodology of education for peace: the formation of community, the place of the debate and the action for peace; 4) finally, to link these aspects of education for peace to the new technologies. Keywords : Education. Peace. Technologies. Justice. Human rights. (shrink)

We propose a liminality-based analysis of the process of ethical leadership/followership in organizations. A liminal view presents ethical leadership as a process taking place in organizational contexts that are often characterized by high levels of ambiguity, which render the usual rules and preferences dubious or inadequate. In these relational spaces, involving leaders, followers, and their context, old frames may be questioned and new ones introduced in an emergent way, through subtle processes whose evolution and implications may not be easy to (...) grasp even by those participating in them. (shrink)

GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS EM MEGAVENTOS: ASPECTOS CONCEITUAIS.

Our aim is to put into consideration the topics of “semantics”, “types”, “lifeworld” and “intersubjectivity” following the social theories of Alfred Schutz and Niklas Luhmann. First of all, and inversely to Luhmann’s perspective which receives the schutzian theory comparing equal types and semantics, we will show that types are inherent to subjectivity. Secondly, and consequently, we state that the social systems theory in the analysis of the “lifeworld”, does not pay attention to the past character of its constitution. Last, but (...) not least, we will point out that all these aspects are framed in a critique of the phenomenological notion of intersubjectivity, which from the luhmannian point of view, ignores the autonomy of consciousness, as well as the emergent character of the social. (shrink)

Paulo Freire constrói um legado para a educação brasileira que é atemporal. Diante disso, o objetivo do texto In Memorian é trazer uma entrevista póstuma com o autor. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica, apresentamos sua história de vida e suas obras. Além disso, trazemos uma resenha das três principais obras, a saber, Pedagogia do Oprimido, Pedagogia da Esperança e Pedagogia da Autonomia. Os trechos dessas obras embasam as respostas construídas para os questionamentos em relação à Covid-19, ao movimento Black (...) Lives Matter e suas interfaces com a educação linguística e a decolonialidade, como uma forma de dialogar com as reflexões freirianas propostas para o contexto educacional. (shrink)

Blind, deaf, and mute: the healthcare system regarding conscientious objection to abortion Resumen: A la luz de la obra de Fernando Broncano, Conocimiento expropiado (2020), este trabajo plantea la objeción de conciencia generalizada al aborto como un fenómeno que origina situaciones de injusticia epistémica. El acceso a la información, el disvalor del testimonio de las mujeres y el silencio cómplice, individual e institucional, perpetuador de la ignorancia sistémica son realidades que afectan a un número indeterminado de mujeres que requiere la (...) interrupción de su embarazo. Para hacer frente al daño generado, se plantea cómo las redes y movimientos pro-elección distribuyen información y recursos sobre el aborto fuera del ámbito clínico y se organizan como fuerzas de resistencia epistémica, capaces de crear y compartir conocimiento en un ejercicio de democracia radical, en el sentido expresado por Broncano. Abstract: In accordance with Fernando Broncano’s work, Conocimiento expropiado (2020), this paper considers the widespread conscientious objection to abortion as a phenomenon that creates situations of epistemic injustice. Access to information, devaluation of women’s testimony, as well as individual and institutional complicit silence that perpetuates systemic ignorance, are realities that affect an indeterminate number of women who require the termination of their pregnancies. In order to address the damage generated, we consider how pro-choice networks and movements distribute information and resources on abortion outside the clinical sphere. They also organise themselves as forces of epistemic resistance, capable of creating and sharing knowledge in an exercise of radical democracy, in the sense expressed by Broncano. Palabras clave: Objeción de conciencia, aborto, injusticia epistémica, ignorancia institucional, resistencia epistémica. Keywords: Conscientious objection, abortion, epistemic injustice, institutional ignorance, epistemic resistance. (shrink)

“Hacia una nueva ética médica” es el título del capítulo 5 de Confesiones de un médico (Triacastela, Madrid, 2011), la versión española del libro del médico y filósofo norteamericano Alfred Tauber, cuidadosamente traducida por Antonio Casado da Rocha. En él, se abordan cuestiones relacionadas con la alteración identitaria que supone la enfermedad, la deshumanización de la medicina y sus causas y la necesidad de un cambio radical en el enfoque de la relación médico-paciente para combatirla. En una sociedad que prioriza (...) la autonomía individual, dice Tauber, conviene recordar que estar enfermo supone la pérdida de esa autonomía y autosuficiencia. Por tanto, los profesionales sanitarios, cuya relación con los usuarios es necesariamente asimétrica, no sólo han de aplicar los correspondientes procedimientos técnicos, sino que han de asumir la obligación moral de restaurar la salud de sus pacientes. .. (shrink)

¿Por qué recurren las mujeres migrantes a un método abortivo clandestino cuando existen cauces regulados y gratuitos para interrumpir el embarazo? A partir de un caso relatado en una noticia de prensa, el presente trabajo pretende ofrecer argumentos capaces de fundamentar una posible respuesta. Frente al modelo médico hegemónico, el uso del misoprostol extiende el debate no sólo a la identificación de las disfunciones del sistema sanitario español, sino a discursos relacionados con la identidad y a planteamientos autogestionarios de empoderamiento (...) para las mujeres. (shrink)

Os anos que passamos na graduação geralmente costumam ser marcante em nossas vidas, afinal de contas, esses momentos formativos que compartilhamos com os colegas de curso e com os professores/as, ao longo de quatro anos, são fundamentais para nos tornarmos os profissionais que somos hoje. A leitura dos textos, as discussões em sala, as relações de afeto que construímos nesse período, o papo com os professores, a preparação e apresentação dos seminários, as madrugadas em claro fazendo os trabalhos das disciplinas, (...) as reflexões que guardamos na consciência após uma reunião dos grupos de estudo, as confraternizações que costumamos realizar no termino das disciplinas, isto é, todos essas vivências que um estudante universitário costuma ter marca de maneira definitiva a nossa história. E arrisco a dizer, sem receio de ser injusto, que essas experiências passam a ter um significado ainda maior quando nos tornamos efetivamente professores/as. (shrink)

São poucos os professores/as que podemos dizer que a sua história de vida se confunde literalmente com a história de um determinado curso. Que sabe contar com riqueza de detalhes as mudanças arquitetônicas que o prédio sofreu, como se deu o início do curso, quem eram os professores/as, qual era o nome das disciplinas do antigo currículo, bem como das transformações pedagógicas e curriculares realizadas ao longo da história para que ele se tornasse aquilo que ele é hoje. Não é (...) fácil encontrarmos alguém no presente que continua a manter viva a memória cristalina de um passado pouco documentado. Sem nenhuma dúvida, existem poucos professores e professoras na Universidade Federal do Piauí que possuem o privilégio de serem esse “contador de histórias” do curso que trabalham, que possuem uma vivência longa com a instituição. No caso do curso de Filosofia da UFPI, este docente possui nome e sobrenome: Gerson Albuquerque de Araújo Neto. (shrink)

Nós, seres humanos, somos a única espécie viva da face da terra que literalmente somos submetidos a um processo de instrução formal. E dentro desta amplo processo de formação cultural que experienciamos intensamente ao longo da nossa trajetória existencial - desenhada por meio dos traços intersubjetivos que estabelecemos com as instituições educacionais que contribuíram efetivamente para que nos tornássemos aquilo que somos do ponto de vista intelectual, afetivo, moral e profissional - arrisco a dizer que, todos nós, de algum modo, (...) guardamos no reinado da memória a lembrança potente e afetuosa de um educador ou educadora que marcou de maneira significativa a nossa vida. (shrink)

In gender studies on nineteenth century Argentine literature, a woman writer has been vindicated: Juana Manuela Gorriti. Considered a succesful intellectual because she was the first who entered the literary market, she is faced to another contemporary intelectual figure, Juana Manso. Novelist, teacher and politically close to Sarmiento´s ideas, Manso was insulted by the most conservative sectors of bourgeoisie. Despite Gorriti, in the contemporary feminist analysis Manso is seen like an unsuccessful intelectual. This essay tries to explain the unlike luck (...) of both, in past an present, taking in consideration political differences between them. (shrink)