Multiverse Views in set theory advocate the claim that there are many universes of sets, no-one of which is canonical, and have risen to prominence over the last few years. One motivating factor is that such positions are often argued to account very elegantly for technical practice. While there is much discussion of the technical aspects of these views, in this paper I analyse a radical form of Multiversism on largely philosophical grounds. Of particular importance will be an account of (...) reference on the Multiversist conception, and the relativism that it implies. I argue that analysis of this central issue in the Philosophy of Mathematics indicates that Radical Multiversism must be algebraic, and cannot be viewed as an attempt to provide an account of reference without a softening of the position. (shrink)

Set-theoretic and category-theoretic foundations represent different perspectives on mathematical subject matter. In particular, category-theoretic language focusses on properties that can be determined up to isomorphism within a category, whereas set theory admits of properties determined by the internal structure of the membership relation. Various objections have been raised against this aspect of set theory in the category-theoretic literature. In this article, we advocate a methodological pluralism concerning the two foundational languages, and provide a theory that fruitfully interrelates a `structural' perspective (...) to a set-theoretic one. We present a set-theoretic system that is able to talk about structures more naturally, and argue that it provides an important perspective on plausibly structural properties such as cardinality. We conclude the language of set theory can provide useful information about the notion of mathematical structure. (shrink)

У статті аналізується внутрішній діалог людини з позиції визначення ознак філософського мислення, що здійснюється у станах як кризи, так і щастя. Мета дослідження зумовила вибір тексту, а саме – давньоєгипетського письмового джерела «Розмова розчарованого зі своїм Ба» (ХХІІ–ХХІ ст. до н. е.), в якому зафіксовано внутрішній діалог, і який є одним з перших філософських творів в історії людства. Особлива увага приділяється розумінню рефлексивного мислення античними філософами і сучасними дослідниками. Показано, що повсякденне рефлексивне мислення відрізняється за своїми структурою та властивостями від (...) рефлексивного філософського мислення, яке задає межі рефлексії та ставлення до себе та дійсності. Із виходом з кризи, воно стає звичкою запитування про алгоритм, мотив, призначення та межі застосування отриманих висновків, яка робить відповідь підґрунтям нового питання, що динамічно стверджує людину в набутому стані евдемонії та атараксії. (shrink)

У статті проаналізовано контекст кризи вищої освіти, спричиненої переходом сучасного суспільства до Другого Модерну. Показано, що в умовах передчуття «смерті університету», або перебування його «в руїнах», сьогодні, з одного боку, переглядається «ідея університету», акцентується увага на зміні його місії, пропонуються нові моделі, гнучкі траєкторії освіти, що стимулює адаптаційні процеси в закладах вищої освіти, їх творче реагування на виклики сьогодення, виникнення позауніверситетських освітніх послуг. Водночас, паралельно відбуваються процеси уніфікації освітньої системи, гонитва за рейтингами, що є проявом попереднього коду індустріального суспільства, коли (...) «невидима» частина навчання мала на меті формування керованої робочої сили. Простежено зв’язок між третинним навчанням, «освітою без навчання» та перетворенням університету на лабораторію суспільно-особистісних нанотехнологій, в якій здобувач, пізнаючи власну унікальність, набуває таку пластичність мислення та функції, яких потребують різні соціальні вузли. (shrink)

Imagine cells that live in a high‐gradient magnetic field (HGMF). Through what mechanisms do the cells sense a non‐uniform magnetic field and how such a field changes the cell fate? We show that magnetic forces generated by HGMFs can be comparable to intracellular forces and therefore may be capable of altering the functionality of an individual cell and tissues in unprecedented ways. We identify the cellular effectors of such fields and propose novel routes in cell biology predicting new biological effects (...) such as magnetic control of cell‐to‐cell communication and vesicle transport, magnetic control of intracellular ROS levels, magnetically induced differentiation of stem cells, magnetically assisted cell division, or prevention of cells from dividing. On the basis of experimental facts and theoretical modeling we reveal timescales of cellular responses to high‐gradient magnetic fields and suggest an explicit dependence of the cell response time on the magnitude of the magnetic field gradient. (shrink)

I argue that Plato's purpose in the discussion of false belief in the "Theaetetus" is to entertain and then to reject the idea that thinking is a kind of mental grasping. The interpretation allows us to make good sense of Plato's discussion of 'other-judging' (189c-190e), of his remarks about mathematical error (195d-196c), and most importantly, of the initial statement of the puzzle about falsity (188a-c). That puzzle shows that if we insist on conceiving of the relation between thought and its (...) objects on the model of holding or grasping something in our hands, we will be unable to account for the possibility of false identity judgments: For no one who is literally grasping two things in his hands would seriously entertain the idea that one of the things is numerically identical with the other. (shrink)

Discusses a variety of ways mankind is cruel to animals.

This book documents Szilard's energetic attempts to influence public policy on arms control and disarmament issues, both through open political processes and statements and through behindthe-scenes contacts with Washington power sources and a remarkable exercise in personal diplomacy with Nikita Khrushchev. Leo Szilard conceived of the possibility of nuclear fission sustained by a chain reaction years before it was achieved in the laboratory. He was also one of the initiators of the atomic bomb project in the United States. Yet he (...) dedicated his final years to the causes of understanding and sustaining life. The eminent physicist became a biologist and a vital force calling, for the control of nuclear and other weapons. This book documents Szilard's energetic attempts to influence public policy on arms control and disarmament issues, both through open political processes and statements and through behindthe-scenes contacts with Washington power sources and a remarkable exercise in personal diplomacy with Nikita Khrushchev. Many of the issues Szilard deals with in this valuable record of the years 1947-1963 are still crucial today. His opposition to antiballistic missile systems, his proposal for a Washington-Moscow "hot line," his work on the Pugwash conferences that brought together scientists from the East and the West, his pivotal role in the creation of the Council for a Livable World, his advocacy of a nuclear policy of no-first-use and restricted retaliation, and his support of "minimum deterrence" in place of an overwhelming counterforce capability - all these matters are as important in the 1980s as they were in the 1950s and 1960s. (shrink)

У статті розглянуто роль релігії, як суспільної ідеології, з точки зору християнського реалізму Рейнхольда Нібура. Досліджено вплив релігії на суспільство через зміну системи цінностей окремих індивідів. Встановлено, що суспільна користь релігії визначається проявом духу каяття, який запобігає індивідуальному егоїзму і гордості. Описано роль любові як підсилюючого чинника у близьких суспільних відносинах. Встановлено, що через індивідуалістичний характер відносин між Богом та індивідом релігія має обмежений вплив на суспільство. Причиною обмеженості релігії є більша сила колективного егоїзму, порівняно з індивідуальними чеснотами. Визначено, що (...) ідеалістичні релігійні спільноти у суспільстві демонструють три основні моделі поведінки: індиферентність, поразництво та сентиментальність. Продемонстровано релігійний характер міленіальних та апокаліптичних очікувань у всіх ідеологіях. (shrink)

The text comments and explains the Ukrainian translation of Max Gorkheimer's paper “History and Psychology”.

The author analyzes the role and significance of the new scientific area within the Ancient philosophy studies, named Classical Reception Studies. This area manifests itself as a reconceptualization of Antic Studies and therefore is as an interdisciplinary field, which focuses on the study of the receptions of Antiquity. This area is specific in its sphere of interest – not only philosophical heritage of a certain period, but also literary, historical and other sources. Such aspect of classical reception studies are important (...) as it contributes to thorough and fundamental studies of the history of Ukrainian philosophy because the ancient philosophical heritage was at the center of reflections on Ukrainian philosophy from Kievan Rus' to the present day. Therefore, we see the importance of domestic scientific studies devoted to the study of the receptions of antiquity in general and in the history of Ukrainian philosophy in particular. The latter can help to more understand the specifics of the formation and development of the philosophical tradition in Ukraine. Classical reception studies can be a specific historical and philosophical method of research of ancient philosophical heritage, along with other methods such as doxography, rational and historical reconstruction, etc. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that it can incorporate elements of doxography, as well as rational reconstruction or other historical and philosophical methods alone or together The author argues that in the context of classical reception studies, ancient philosophical texts can become a basis for solving contemporary global or local problems and issues of humanity (political, social, cultural, etc.). The potential of ancient texts and fragments (including philosophical ones) is important not only for understanding the past, but also in relation to the developments of society in the present. (shrink)

Kant's well-known statement from the “Critique of Practical Reason” (§ 7) that the consciousness of the basic law of pure practical reason (or the customary/moral law) can be called a fact of reason (V, 31.24) has not yet become the subject of adequate attention of domestic researchers. In the “Critique of Practical Reason”, Kant justify his famous categorical imperative by appealing to the “fact of reason” (§ 7). A closer reading of this passage reveals that it refers to a “fundamental (...) law of pure practical reason” and its “consciousness” is called “a fact of reason”. It is likely to think that Kant makes a “naturalistic fallacy” when he tries to justify “ought” (law) from “is” (fact). An analysis of the broader context of the use of the term “fact”, which occurs in the Critique in general 11 times, proves that its denotation is a moral law, which is explained in the corresponding train of thought. A special problem of interpretation is the explanation of the genitive in the expression “a fact of reason” [ein Factum der Vernunft]. It is common to read it as genitivus subjectivus (the fact is a product (act) of the reason, the fact arises thanks to the reason) and as genitivus objectivus (the reason itself is a fact, something factual). But from the standpoint of modern studies of Kant its reading as genitivus auctoris (Willaschek, Wolff, Noller) is promising. Kant’s specific use of the Latin form “ein Factum” in other works, which has the meaning not of “fact”, but of “imputable act” also, testifies in favor of this. Starting with Dieter Heinrich’s article “The Concept of Moral Insight and Kant’s Doctrine of the Fact of Reason” (1960), many researchers interpret the thesis of the “fact of reason” as Kant’s rejection of the attempt at the deduction of moral insight in the “Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Moral” (1785). However, as modern studies (Riedel, Wolff) show, this interpretation is not convincing enough. There are sufficient reasons to believe that it is Kant’s moral and legal doctrine of imputatio facti can explicate an enigmatic passage of the II Critique. (shrink)

Description of the materials of current issue of Sententiae, devoted to Kant's philosophy.

The purpose of the study is to present the author's method of digitalization of transactions of solved business tasks to reduce transaction costs of a manufacturing enterprise. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the elements of digitalization are proposed in the work to reduce the transaction costs of searching for information, negotiating, measuring, and concluding a contract. The introduction of digital technologies into specific business tasks contributes to the optimization of transaction costs in the modern (...) institutional environment. As a result, the information relationship of the structural divisions of the production company was established during the performance of their functions at all stages of the production cycle from procurement to sales, the functional filling subsystems of the organizational structure were determined. Transaction costs, in accordance with their classification, are structured according to these subsystems, they represent the elements of digitalization recommended for use in the business processes of a manufacturing company to reduce its transaction costs. The introduction of digitalization processes of business tasks into the management structure helps to increase the level of validity and speed of decisions in the subsystems of the organizational structure of the company. (shrink)

The purpose of the study is to present the author's accounting mechanisms in relation to the transaction costs of a manufacturing enterprise in relation to the financial, managerial and strategic aspects of this process. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the paper systematizes views on the existing accounting and analytical support in relation to transaction costs, offers various options for constructing accounting, management and strategic accounting of transaction costs, depending on the assessment available for reflection. (...) As a result, the recommended accounting approaches using accounting, management and strategic accounting of transaction costs are presented on the example of an industrial company. Since transaction costs occupy a significant share in the cost structure of business units engaged in production, it is necessary to organize their reflection using modern accounting principles. The complexity of the monetary assessment of such costs causes the complexity of the management process associated with their accounting. This publication is devoted to the problems of accounting, management and strategic accounting of transaction costs at a manufacturing enterprise. The use of an integrated approach based on accounting principles makes it possible to ensure control over transaction costs for solving urgent tasks of management and owners. (shrink)

Today’s fast-moving, media lifeworld embodies many of the metaphors of its analog predecessors – including those of warfare and conflict. The metaphor of warfare is used to describe everything from corporate marketing strategies to political campaigns, often with harmful consequences. In one way of exploring the front lines of the resulting war on truth, we describe some lessons learned from the experience of military veterans who have actually endured the liminality of combat, and who emerge with what is increasingly termed (...) moral injuries. We use their experience as an analogy for competing narratives in cyberspace, where objective standards of truth and facticity are apparent casualties, and where fake news is emerging as victorious. We then apply models of social construction, specifically the practical theory of the Coordinated Management of Meaning, and the metaphor of jazz improvisation in the context of Schutz’s lifeworld phenomenology as possibly useful, helpful, and hopeful ways of acting into the complexity of truth together. (shrink)

Near the end of the Amherst Cofloquium on “Nietzsche Today: The Reception of his Work after 1968,” Geoff Waite challenged the underlying historical assumption: “Is 1968 chosen because it marks the approximate date of the publication of the first volume of the splendid critical edition of Nietzsche's work by Colli and Montinari, or rather the approximate date of the until recently wholly apolitical appropriation of Nietzsche by post-structuralism? Do we wish to allude to die year of the Zagreb meeting on (...) Nietzsche of “creative Marxists” trying, as they said, to locate “the theme of human freedom in Nietzsche,” or rather to the year that Jiirgen Habermas delivered himself of the opinion that “Nietzsche is no longer contagious?” For some of us, however, 1968 has to mean also and mainly May '68.”. (shrink)

Cimino's The Deer Hunter is a mass culture product that sells. It is a conventional, manipulative Hollywood movie that moves large U.S. audiences. In trying to identify the ideological function of this film, Leibowitz has compared The Deer Hunter to Nazi ideology or German Romantic nationalist aesthetics. This comparison, however, says little about the film itself. To invoke this German tradition is to do little more than to invoke the roots of the modern culture industry in general. The Nazis are (...) only unique in that they succeeded early in blending propaganda, violence, pornography, religion and a consumer mentality in a mechanism of cultural manipulation. (shrink)