En La Verdad de la Ficción, Mario Presas compila nueve artículos de su autoría que, aunque fueron escritos en distintos momentos de su carrera y sin una conexión sistemática, están estrechamente ligados entre sí por una misma problemática filosófica: la apertura, a través del arte, a un tipo de saber que es propio de la experiencia estética. La tesis central que atraviesa a todos los capítulos consiste en sostener que el arte habilita una vía de acceso a la realidad (...) que no puede subsumirse ni reducirse a otros tipos de saber, en particular, al conocimiento científico. El autor sostiene que el saber que brinda la experiencia estética es insustituible en relación a la ciencia, sin que por ello uno de los dos tenga primacía sobre el otro. (shrink)

Filosofía de la existencia agrupa un conjunto de textos que Mario Presas había publicado con anterioridad, y de manera separada, en distintas revistas académicas entre 1959 y 1962. El período enmarcado por estas fechas constituye el inicio de la actividad filosófica de Presas, dos años después de obtener el título de Profesor en Filosofía por la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, y un año antes de su primer viaje a Alemania para realizar una estadía de investigación en la Facultad (...) de filosofía de la Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, en la ciudad de Maguncia, patrocinado por el Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst. (shrink)

Revisión del libro Situación de la filosofía de Karl Jaspers. Con especial consideración de su base kantiana por M. A. Presas.

O conceito de significado em Aristóteles -- O conceito de intencionalidade em Tomás de Aquino -- Sobre o Platonismo de G. Frege -- O nominalismo utilitarista de J.L. Austin -- Da definição ostensiva -- Competência e desempenho em N. Chomsky -- Das semelhanças -- Da mentira como ato da fala -- Dos limites do sentido.

This paper explores both differences and points of contact between selected contemporary theories of public ethics in the West and China. China is in a greater state of flux in this connection, with new, eclectic approaches to ethical justification for moral agency gaining prominence. There are thematic parallels between East and West in their distinct strains of institutionalism . However, there are recent Chinese theoretical proposals – many incorporating Western sources – that address this quandary, namely the institutional overdetermination of (...) moral agency. These proposals are joined to contributions from feminist and liberation ethics in a critical reconsideration of overridingness in formal ethics. Contemporary Chinese ethics connect moral claims to kin, community, and reciprocity networks, particularly as traditional philosophy is recovered in new theoretical syntheses. The grounding of Confucian ethics i.. (shrink)

Attention is biased towards threat-related stimuli. In three experiments, we investigated the mechanisms, processes, and time course of this processing bias. An emotional flanker task simultaneously presented affective or neutral pictures from the international affective picture system database either as central response-relevant stimuli or surrounding response-uninformative flankers. Participants’ response times to central stimuli was measured. The attentional bias was observed when stimuli were presented either for 1500 ms or 500 ms. The threat-related attentional bias held regardless of the stimuli competing (...) for attention even when presentation time was further reduced to 200 ms. The results indicate that automatic and controlled mechanisms may interact to modulate the orientation of attention to threat. The data presented here shed new light on the mechanisms, processes, and time course of this long investigated by still largely unknown processing bias. (shrink)

Until the advent of behavioral and neuroeconomics, economics has generally tended to undervalue, on average, the importance of fear. Fear has traditionally been regarded as pertaining to an alternative domain with respect to rationality: it has thus been considered as triggering mechanism of anomalous, even irrational behavior. Conversely, the article speculates on the complexity of the concept of fear and of the social effects it is thought to produce. While discussing the eventual desirability of a freed-from-fear world and Western obsession (...) with risk management and safety from the economic problem and other pressures, the paper provides a general introduction to the relevance of the relatively unexplored issue of fear to economics as discipline as well as to applied economics in public policy. (shrink)

Nota biobibliográfica sobre Mario A. Presas.

Ernst Haeckel was convinced that the origin of language was the keyto understand human evolution. The distinguished slavist AugustSchleicher was his original inspiration on that matter but hiscousin Wilhelm Bleek was the deciisive source for his views of human language. Bleek lived in Southern Africa, studied Xhosa andZulu, and had the rare opportunity to learn the bushman languagewhich, with its characteristic clicks, suggested the form of theoriginal human language in its evolution from ape-like sounds.Haeckel's view of anthropology based on cultural (...) elements ratherthan physical characters alone was shared by other scholars includingthe Vienna-based Friedrich Mueller who applied Haeckel's approachin his studies during the voyage of the Habsburg ship ``Novara.'' Haeckel's anthropological views were heavily entangled with contemporaryconceps of race so that he and Mueller related different languages todifferent human groups both from a cultural and racial angle. Suchracialist attitude presented obvious political implications which allauthors mentioned denied vehemently. (shrink)

Del Ser a la Palabra es una recopilación de artículos que transitan unos cuarenta años de reflexión filosófica. El eje temático es la experiencia estética, su urgencia, su densidad y relevancia para la existencia. En este trabajo me arriesgo a analizar algunos de los conceptos centrales del texto. Desde luego, muchos quedarán de lado. El recorrido comienza con un sobrevuelo del concepto husserliano de Lebenswelt, y culmina con un análisis de la catarsis (su relación con la retórica y la hermenéutica). (...) En el medio me detendré, brevemente, en el aspecto de nuestra existencia que torna necesaria a la experiencia estética. En otras palabras, la experiencia estética viene a colmar una carencia estructural del hombre, por lo que conviene articular (hacer sentir) dicha carencia. Luego de una breve estadía en la idea del arte como recuperación y retorno, me vuelco a dos de las nociones sobre las que Presas insiste: la mímesis y la catarsis. De la primera destaco dos cosas: el efecto que tiene sobre la temporalidad, y la rehabilitación del poder de la aisthesis. Con respecto a la catarsis, la pongo en relación con la noción retórica del flectere y con la noción jurídica y teológica de applicatio. (shrink)