Results for ' pharmaceutical representative'

991 found
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  1.  5
    Contact with Pharmaceutical Representatives: Where Does Prudence Lead?Paul S. Appelbaum - 2010 - American Journal of Bioethics 10 (1):11-13.
  2.  8
    Pharmaceutical Sales Representatives in the United States and China: The Need for Professional Public Space.Xiaoying Chen - 2021 - Health Care Analysis 30 (1):35-56.
    Pharmaceutical sales representatives (PSRs) are one of the most frequently used drug information sources for physicians in both the United States and China. During face-to-face interactions, PSRs use various promotional strategies to impact the prescribing behavior. In the United States, PSRs provide physicians small gifts, free drug samples, and “sincere friendships”, whereas in China, they played an indispensable role in medical corruption over the past three decades. To cope with the undue influence of PSRs, both these countries have taken (...)
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  3.  4
    Physicians-Pharmaceutical Sales Representatives Interactions and Conflict of Interest.Avinash R. Patwardhan - 2016 - Inquiry: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 53:004695801666759.
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  4.  1
    Pharmaceutical sales representatives and physicians: Ethical considerations of a relationship.John F. Peppin - 1996 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 21 (1):83-99.
    Since their appearance in 1850, Pharmaceutical Sales Representatives (PSR) interactions with physicians have engendered intense emotional responses. The controversy has continued unabated since that time. Arguments in favor of the moral impermissibility of the PSR-physician relationship can be divided into four general categories; (1) influence, (2) patients pay but they do not choose, (3) violation of principlism, and (4) the erosion of the patient-physician relationship. None of the arguments that have thus far been proposed against the moral permissibility of (...)
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  5.  8
    Interactions between Doctors and Pharmaceutical Sales Representatives in a Former Communist Country.Marta Makowska - 2014 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 23 (3):349-355.
    An anonymous survey distributed to doctors in Poland revealed the troublesome relationship between physicians and pharmaceutical sale representatives in terms of the frequency of visits, the trust of physicians in information supplied by sales reps, gifts accepted, and the general influence of marketing strategies on physician decisions. Challenges remain, despite laws enacted to address the problem.
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  6.  5
    Ethically Questionable Behavior in Sales Representatives – An Example from the Taiwanese Pharmaceutical Industry.Ya-Hui Hsu, Wenchang Fang & Yuanchung Lee - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 88 (S1):155 - 166.
    Recent corporate disgraces and corruption have heightened concerns about ethically questionable behavior in business. The construct of ethically questionable behavior is an under-portrayed area of management field research, and deserves further studying, especially in sales positions. This study uses four variables from the human resource management field to explain the ethically questionable behavior of sales representatives in the pharmaceutical industry. These variables include frame pattern, commission structure, behavior control type, and marketing norm perceptions. This work uses a 2  (...)
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  7.  5
    Transparency or restricting gifts? Polish medical students’ opinions about regulating relationships with pharmaceutical sales representatives.Marcin Rodzinka, Emilia Kaczmarek & Marta Makowska - 2021 - Monash Bioethics Review 40 (Suppl 1):49-70.
    Relationships between physicians and pharmaceutical sales representatives (PSRs) often create conflicts of interest, not least because of the various benefits received by physicians. Many countries attempt to control pharmaceutical industry marketing strategies through legal regulation, and this is true in Poland where efforts are underway to eliminate any practices that might be considered corrupt in medicine. The present research considered Polish medical students’ opinions about domestic laws restricting doctors’ acceptance of expensive gifts from the industry, the idea of (...)
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  8.  10
    Perceptions of and barriers to ethical promotion of pharmaceuticals in Pakistan: perspectives of medical representatives and doctors.Zeeshan Danish, Syed Atif Raza, Imran Imran, Muhammad Islam, Furqan Kurshid Hashmi, Fawad Rasool, Zikria Saleem, Hamid Saeed & Rehan Gul - 2021 - BMC Medical Ethics 22 (1):1-16.
    BackgroundIn Pakistan, drug promotion practices, ethical or unethical, have rarely been in the spotlight. We aimed to assess the perception and barriers of medical representatives (MRs) and doctors (MDs) regarding ethical promotion of pharmaceuticals in Pakistan.MethodsA cross sectional survey was conducted in seven major cities of Pakistan for 6-months period. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Logistic regression and five-point Likert scale scoring was used to estimate the perceptions and barriers.ResultsCompared to national companies (NCs), the medical representatives (MRs) of (...)
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  9. Pharmaceutical maneuvers.Sergio Sismondo - unknown
    In 2003, the pharmaceutical company Biovail received a spate of negative publicity around a program for its heart medication Cardizem LA. For a three-month period Biovail paid US doctors US$1000 (and their office managers US$150) for patient data when at least 11 of their patients renewed a prescription to Cardizem. Doctors who signed up for the trial but who did not keep 11 patients on the drug received US$250 for participation. According to Biovail, this was a research trial, meeting (...)
     
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  10.  3
    An Engelhardtian Analysis of Interactions between Pharmaceutical Sales Representatives and Physicians.J. F. Peppin - 1997 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 22 (6):623-641.
    Physician conflict of interest has been of concern since Hippocrates and rarely is this concern more evident than in the relationship between pharmaceutical sales representatives (PSR) and physicians. Given the acrimonious public debates concerning this issue a careful exploration of the concerns at sake and the conceptual arguments which support such concerns is called for. In this piece I will take as heuristic the conceptual philosophical framework argued for by H. Tristram Engelhardt. This framework would sanction interactions between PSRs (...)
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  11.  17
    Attitudes of medical students towards incentives offered by pharmaceutical companies- perspective from a developing nation- a cross sectional study.Usman Tariq Siddiqui, Amarah Shakoor, Sarah Kiani, Farwa Ali, Maryam Sharif, Arun Kumar, Qasim Raza, Naseer Khan, Sardar Mohammed Alamzaib & Syed Farid-ul-Husnain - 2014 - BMC Medical Ethics 15 (1):36.
    A training physician has his first interaction with a pharmaceutical representative during medical school. Medical students are often provided with small gifts such as pens, calendars and books, as well as free lunches as part of drug promotion offers. Ethical impact of these transactions as perceived by young medical students has not been investigated in Pakistan before. This study aimed to assess the association of socio-demographic variables with the attitudes of medical students towards pharmaceutical companies and their (...)
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  12.  6
    Ethically Questionable Behavior in Sales Representatives – An Example from the Taiwanese Pharmaceutical Industry.Ya-Hui Hsu, Wenchang Fang & Yuanchung Lee - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 88 (S1):155-166.
    Recent corporate disgraces and corruption have heightened concerns about ethically questionable behavior in business. The construct of ethically questionable behavior is an under-portrayed area of management field research, and deserves further studying, especially in sales positions. This study uses four variables from the human resource management field to explain the ethically questionable behavior of sales representatives in the pharmaceutical industry. These variables include frame pattern, commission structure, behavior control type, and marketing norm perceptions. This work uses a 2  (...)
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  13.  12
    Interactions of doctors with the pharmaceutical industry.M. A. Morgan - 2006 - Journal of Medical Ethics 32 (10):559-563.
    Objective: To assess the opinions and practice patterns of obstetrician-gynaecologists on acceptance and use of free drug samples and other incentive items from pharmaceutical representatives.Methods: A questionnaire was mailed in March 2003 to 397 members of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists who participate in the Collaborative Ambulatory Research Network.Results: The response rate was 55%. Most respondents thought it proper to accept drug samples , an informational lunch , an anatomical model or a well-paid consultantship from pharmaceutical (...)
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  14.  5
    Qualitative insights into promotion of pharmaceutical products in Bangladesh: how ethical are the practices?Mahrukh Mohiuddin, Sabina Faiz Rashid, Mofijul Islam Shuvro, Nahitun Nahar & Syed Masud Ahmed - 2015 - BMC Medical Ethics 16 (1):1-9.
    BackgroundThe pharmaceutical market in Bangladesh is highly concentrated. Due to high competition aggressive marketing strategies are adopted for greater market share, which sometimes cross limit. There is lack of data on this aspect in Bangladesh. This exploratory study aimed to fill this gap by investigating current promotional practices of the pharmaceutical companies including the role of their medical representatives.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted as part of a larger study to explore the status of governance in health sector in (...)
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  15.  6
    Hegemony of Knowledge and Pharmaceutical Industry Strategy.Sergio Sismondo - 2017 - In Dien Ho (ed.), Philosophical Issues in Pharmaceutics: Development, Dispensing, and Use. Dordrecht: Springer.
    This chapter discusses some strategies pharmaceutical companies employ to establish influence and even hegemony over domains of medical knowledge: marketing products via medical research and education. The chapter thus contributes to understanding the political economy of knowledge in this industry. As a counterpart to traditional epistemology, studying the political economy of knowledge shifts attention from individual claims and their justifications to some of the forces available to shape terrains on which claims are produced, distributed, and consumed.Of pharmaceutical companies’ (...)
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  16.  11
    Patient distrust in pharmaceutical companies: an explanation for women under-representation in respiratory clinical trials?Laurie Pahus, Carey Meredith Suehs, Laurence Halimi, Arnaud Bourdin, Pascal Chanez, Dany Jaffuel, Julie Marciano, Anne-Sophie Gamez, Isabelle Vachier & Nicolas Molinari - 2020 - BMC Medical Ethics 21 (1):1-8.
    BackgroundPatient skepticism concerning medical innovations can have major consequences for current public health and may threaten future progress, which greatly relies on clinical research.The primary objective of this study is to determine the variables associated with patient acceptation or refusal to participate in clinical research. Specifically, we sought to evaluate if distrust in pharmaceutical companies and associated psychosocial factors could represent a recruitment bias in clinical trials and thus threaten the applicability of their results.MethodsThis prospective, multicenter survey consisted in (...)
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  17.  6
    Pharmaceutical Industry Financial Support for Medical Education: Benefit, or Undue Influence?Howard Brody - 2009 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 37 (3):451-460.
    As early as the 1960s and 1970s, astute commentators began to call into question the degree of influence that the pharmaceutical industry was exercising over all aspects of medical research, education, and practice in the U.S. More recently, a spate of books and articles demonstrates that the issue has only become more serious in the last decade or two.My focus in this paper will be on the industry’s influence on medical education. The influence that the industry exerts on undergraduate (...)
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  18.  4
    Attitudes of Future Doctors of Bangladesh to Pharmaceutical Incentives and Medical Ethics.Tonmoy Biswas & Darryl Macer - 2017 - Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics 27 (3):70-80.
    Introduction: Pharmaceutical companies offer various gifts to physicians to encourage them to prescribe their products. This collaboration has some negative and positive aspects. Different countries have established guidelines to limit the collaboration and reform such relationships. This study aims to determine the attitude of Bangladeshi medical students towards pharmaceutical gifts, physician-pharmacist collaboration, and associated factors. Methods: An online cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted through email and Google-Forms among Bangladeshi medical students. A total of 435 students from different (...)
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  19.  6
    Medicine and pharmacy — facts and myths about the development of an innovative pharmaceutical industry in Poland.Włodzimierz Kubiak - 2005 - Science and Engineering Ethics 11 (1):41-51.
    Innovation is fundamental to the pharmaceutical industry and a key to improvements in healthcare. Its effectiveness depends on huge, constant investments in research. This innovative industry directly affects the course of studies in healthcare and medicine. Its efforts translate directly into the length and quality of our lives. For several years now, the progress underway in pharmaceutical industry has produced measurable benefits. Doctors have new pharmaceuticals at their disposal, including many types of antibiotics and anti-viral drugs, vaccines and (...)
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  20.  11
    Needs‐Driven Versus Market‐Driven Pharmaceutical Innovation: The Consortium for the Development of a New Medicine against Malaria in Brazil.Koichi Kameda - 2014 - Developing World Bioethics 14 (2):101-108.
    The prevailing model for encouraging innovation based on patents and market-oriented raises at least two economic and ethical issues: it imposes barriers on individuals and developing countries governments' access to medicines by defining prices that do not match their income, and the unavailability of new or appropriate products to address the health problems of these populations. In the last decade, this scenario has undergone some changes due to the emergence of new actors, the contribution of aid resources, the introduction to (...)
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  21.  8
    Medicines Information and the Regulation of the Promotion of Pharmaceuticals.Teresa Leonardo Alves, Joel Lexchin & Barbara Mintzes - 2019 - Science and Engineering Ethics 25 (4):1167-1192.
    Many factors contribute to the inappropriate use of medicines, including not only a lack of information but also inaccurate and misleading promotional information. This review examines how the promotion of pharmaceuticals directly affects the prescribing and use of medicines. We define promotion broadly as all actions taken directly by pharmaceutical companies with the aim of enhancing product sales. We look in greater detail at promotion techniques aimed at prescribers, such as sales representatives, pharmaceutical advertisements in medical journals and (...)
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  22.  5
    Ghost management: How much of the medical literature is shaped behind the scenes by the pharmaceutical industry?Sergio Sismondo - manuscript
    Anecdotes have shown that some articles on profitable drugs are constructed by and shepherded through publication by pharmaceutical companies and their agents, whose influence is largely invisible to readers. This is ghost-management, the substantial but unrecognized research, analysis, writing, editing and/or facilitation behind publication. Publicly available documents suggest that these practices extremely widespread affecting up to 40% of clinical trial reports in key periods but it has been unclear how representative these documents are. This article presents the results (...)
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  23. The Policy of Functional Integration of the Product Planning Team as a Strategy for the Development of the Pharmaceutical Industry in Palestine.Samer M. Arqawi, Amal A. Al Hila, Samy S. Abu-Naser & Mazen J. Al Shobaki - 2019 - International Journal of Academic Accounting, Finance and Management Research (IJAAFMR) 3 (1):61-69.
    This study presented the policy of functional integration of the product planning team as a strategy for the development of the pharmaceutical industry in Palestine. The study population consists of all the workers in companies operating in the field of medicine in Palestine, which are (5) companies producing in the West Bank only for pharmaceuticals used by these companies, which are (296) employees, and was used a simple random sample to choose the sample and size (87) employees of the (...)
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  24.  5
    Prescription Drug Labeling and “Over‐Warning”: The Disturbing Case of Diana Levine and Wyeth Pharmaceutical.Ronald J. Adams - 2010 - Business and Society Review 115 (2):231-248.
    ABSTRACTIn April of 2000, Diana Levine went to a clinic in Vermont suffering from a migraine headache. She was given the drug Demerol for the migraine symptoms and Phenergan for nausea. Complications with the administration of Phenergan ultimately resulted in Ms. Levine contracting gangrene, necessitating the amputation of her right arm. Ms. Levine sued the drug maker, Wyeth Pharmaceutical, in state court and prevailed. The lower court's decision was appealed by Wyeth to the state supreme court where the ruling (...)
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  25. The just price, exploitation, and prescription drugs: why free marketeers should object to profiteering by the pharmaceutical industry.Mark R. Reiff - 2019 - Review of Social Economy 77:1-36.
    Many people have been enraged lately by the enormous increases in certain generic prescription drugs. But free marketeers defend these prices by arguing that they simply represent what the market will bear, and in a capitalist society there is accordingly nothing wrong with charging them. This paper argues that such a defense is actually contrary to the very principles that free marketeers claim to embrace. These prices are not only unjust and exploitative, but government interference with them would not render (...)
     
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  26.  2
    Drip-Feeding: How the Pharmaceutical Industry Influences Research Ethics Committees.Stephen Humphreys - 2007 - Research Ethics 3 (4):113-117.
    Whilst research ethics committees exist to represent society's interests by placing appropriate checks on the economic power of ‘big pharma’, the political sphere is here seen to have generally acquiesced to economic interests and allowed industry to influence how it is regulated. RECs are accordingly urged to remain vigilant about the prospects of their being the subject of hidden influences.
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  27.  2
    Zebrafish: A new model on the pharmaceutical catwalk.Ulrike Langheinrich - 2003 - Bioessays 25 (9):904-912.
    Zebrafish is recognized as one of the most important vertebrate model organisms; however, its value in pharmacological studies has not been extensively explored and exploited. In this review, I summarize significant findings about the effects of drugs and medicines on important physiological processes in zebrafish. Our experiments have shown that cardiovascular, anti‐angiogenic and anti‐cancer drugs elicit comparable responses in zebrafish embryos to those in mammalian systems. Similar observations have been reported by other laboratories, exposing zebrafish to a variety of (...) active compounds affecting a range of different processes. All the data summarized indicate that zebrafish represents a very valuable organism for different kinds of pharmacological studies, such as screenings of chemical libraries, lead validation and optimization, mode‐of‐action studies, analysis of gene function, predictive toxicology and teratogenicity, pharmacogenomics and toxicogenomics. Zebrafish pharmacological assays have specific advantages compared to in vitro cell culture studies and in vivo experiments using mice, complementing these assays to give valuable guides for future tests of new drugs for human therapy. BioEssays 25:904–912, 2003. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)
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  28.  24
    Physicians' intent to comply with the American Medical Association's guidelines on gifts from the pharmaceutical industry.S. L. Pinto, E. Lipowski, R. Segal, C. Kimberlin & J. Algina - 2007 - Journal of Medical Ethics 33 (6):313-319.
    Objective: To identify factors that predict physicians’ intent to comply with the American Medical Association’s ethical guidelines on gifts from the pharmaceutical industry.Methods: A survey was designed and mailed in June 2004 to a random sample of 850 physicians in Florida, USA, excluding physicians with inactive licences, incomplete addresses, addresses in other states and pretest participants. Factor analysis extracted six factors: attitude towards following the guidelines, subjective norms , facilitating conditions , profession-specific precedents , individual-specific precedents and intent. Multivariate (...)
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  29.  2
    Koncepcja odpowiedzialności społecznej firm farmaceutycznych.Marta Makowska - 2010 - Annales. Ethics in Economic Life 13 (2):95-104.
    The burden of social responsibility is on the pharmaceutical industry. It is producing drugs and medical equipment which have to fulfill high quality standards, because they are very important from society point of view. The main business activity of pharmaceutical companies can be assessed as doing something good. However, a lot of drug producers are also involved in other ways of working for public wellness. There are using a great range of the instruments and programs to manage the (...)
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  30.  1
    Etyka w pracy przedstawiciela medycznego.Marta Makowska - 2009 - Annales. Ethics in Economic Life 12 (2):45-54.
    Over the last few years, the pharmaceutical industry intensified marketing activity in Poland. One of the most important ways of promotion are visits by pharmaceutical sales representatives in physicians’ offices. Representatives during those meetings are using different sorts of tactics to manipulate physicians such as: gift-giving, free meals, travel subsidies, “fake” research, ‘white Saturdays’, sponsored teaching and conferences. An ethical ambiguity can be easily find in this work. The paper describes briefly the results of the research concerning the (...)
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  31.  3
    Introduction: Conflicting Interest in Medicine: Stories by Physicians on How Financing Affects Their Work.James M. DuBois - 2011 - Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 1 (2):65-66.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Introduction: Conflicting Interest in Medicine: Stories by Physicians on How Financing Affects Their WorkJames M. DuBois, Symposium EditorPhysicians frequently enter into special relationships that establish personal financial interests that could conflict with their patients’ best interests. Examples include receiving gifts from drug companies, sharing a patent on a medical device, or accepting funding from industry to conduct a drug study. In recent years, such “conflicts of interests” in medicine (...)
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  32.  2
    Etyczne uregulowania kontaktów studentów medycyny z firmami farmaceutycznymi w Stanach Zjednoczonych.Marta Makowska - 2014 - Annales. Ethics in Economic Life 17 (3):125-137.
    The involvement of the pharmaceutical industry in medical education can be seen as something completely natural. Who better than the producer of the med-icine would know how the drug was developed, how the process of it being au-thorized for sale proceeded, and what the side effects of it are? Today in the United States, more and more colleges are implementing strong pharmaceutical conflict-of-interest policies. Interaction between students and medical school staff with these companies is undesirable, because they share (...)
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  33.  2
    Etyczne wyzwania współpracy pomiędzy lekarzami a przemysłem farmaceutycznym.Marta Makowska - 2011 - Annales. Ethics in Economic Life 14 (2):69-80.
    Over the recent years more and more often we can hear in public debate that pharmaceutical industry is using aggressive marketing to increase the market growth. Their marketing actions are addressed mainly to physicians, because doctors are those who raise gains of pharmaceutical companies in the most considerable extent. The main aim of this paper is to answer the question what kinds of methods pharmaceutical companies are using to influence physicians’ prescribing practice. On examples will be shown (...)
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  34.  3
    Bioindustry Ethics.David Finegold (ed.) - 2005 - Elsevier Academic Press.
    This book is the first systematic, detailed treatment of the approaches to ethical issues taken by biotech and pharmaceutical companies. The application of genetic/genomic technologies raises a whole spectrum of ethical questions affecting global health that must be addressed. Topics covered in this comprehensive survey include considerations for bioprospecting in transgenics, genomics, drug discovery, and nutrigenomics, as well as how to improve stakeholder relations, design ethical clinical trials, avoid conflicts of interest, and establish ethics advisory boards. The expert authors (...)
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  35.  22
    Fair, just and compassionate: A pilot for making allocation decisions for patients requesting experimental drugs outside of clinical trials.Arthur L. Caplan, J. Russell Teagarden, Lisa Kearns, Alison S. Bateman-House, Edith Mitchell, Thalia Arawi, Ross Upshur, Ilina Singh, Joanna Rozynska, Valerie Cwik & Sharon L. Gardner - 2018 - Journal of Medical Ethics 44 (11):761-767.
    Patients have received experimental pharmaceuticals outside of clinical trials for decades. There are no industry-wide best practices, and many companies that have granted compassionate use, or ‘preapproval’, access to their investigational products have done so without fanfare and without divulging the process or grounds on which decisions were made. The number of compassionate use requests has increased over time. Driving the demand are new treatments for serious unmet medical needs; patient advocacy groups pressing for access to emerging treatments; internet platforms (...)
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  36.  15
    Determinants of Preventive Behaviors in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in France: Comparing the Sociocultural, Psychosocial, and Social Cognitive Explanations.Jocelyn Raude, Jean-Michel Lecrique, Linda Lasbeur, Christophe Leon, Romain Guignard, Enguerrand du Roscoät & Pierre Arwidson - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    In absence of effective pharmaceutical treatments, the individual's compliance with a series of behavioral recommendations provided by the public health authorities play a critical role in the control and prevention of SARS-CoV2 infection. However, we still do not know much about the rate and determinants of adoption of the recommended health behaviors. This paper examines the compliance with the main behavioral recommendations, and compares sociocultural, psychosocial, and social cognitive explanations for its variation in the French population. Based on the (...)
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  37.  8
    Prescription Data Mining and the Protection of Patients' Interests.David Orentlicher - 2010 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 38 (1):74-84.
    Pharmaceutical companies have long relied on direct marketing of their drugs to physicians through one-on-one meetings with sales representatives. This practice of “detailing” is substantial in its costs and its number of participants. Every year, pharmaceutical companies spend billions of dollars on millions of visits to physicians by tens of thousands of sales representatives.Critics have argued that drug detailing results in sub-optimal prescribing decisions by physicians, compromising patient health and driving up spending on medical care. In this view, (...)
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  38.  28
    From evidence-based medicine to marketing-based medicine: Evidence from internal industry documents. [REVIEW]Glen I. Spielmans & Peter I. Parry - 2010 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 7 (1):13-29.
    While much excitement has been generated surrounding evidence-based medicine, internal documents from the pharmaceutical industry suggest that the publicly available evidence base may not accurately represent the underlying data regarding its products. The industry and its associated medical communication firms state that publications in the medical literature primarily serve marketing interests. Suppression and spinning of negative data and ghostwriting have emerged as tools to help manage medical journal publications to best suit product sales, while disease mongering and market segmentation (...)
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  39.  11
    Experiencia de los miembros de la comunidad en los comités de ética en investigación en Colombia.Elena Rey Lozano, Gilberto Alfonso Gamboa Bernal & María de los Ángeles Mazzanti Di Ruggiero - 2016 - Escritos 24 (53):369-390.
    Research Ethics Committees have the responsibility to protect the participants involved in researches and to guarantee the ethical behavior of researchers. In some institutions, such committees also review scientific projects of non-pharmaceutical areas, Public Health and Health Economics. Within this framework, the article analyzes what it means to be part of a Research Ethics Committee in a hospital or university based on personal experience as a community representative. By means of the convenience sampling technique, implemented in four Colombian (...)
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  40.  6
    Hexa-Sabbat.Heiko Stoff - 2009 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 17 (1):55-83.
    Hexa-Sabbath. Foreign Matter and Vital Substances, Experts and the Critical Consumer in the FRG during the 1950s and 1960sIn the late Fifties and early Sixties the regulation of food additives represented a remarkable turning point in German consumer politics, establishing a debate about decision making and policy advice, altering the discourse of purity and contamination, and inaugurating a new political actor, the organized critical consumer. The amendment of the Food Law in December 1958 functioned as a negotiation process between representatives (...)
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  41.  4
    Hexa-Sabbat: Fremdstoffe und Vitalstoffe, Experten und der kritische Verbraucher in der BRD der 1950er und 1960er Jahre.Heiko Stoff - 2009 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 17 (1):55-83.
    Hexa-Sabbath. Foreign Matter and Vital Substances, Experts and the Critical Consumer in the FRG during the 1950s and 1960sIn the late Fifties and early Sixties the regulation of food additives represented a remarkable turning point in German consumer politics, establishing a debate about decision making and policy advice, altering the discourse of purity and contamination, and inaugurating a new political actor, the organized critical consumer. The amendment of the Food Law in December 1958 functioned as a negotiation process between representatives (...)
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  42.  13
    Financial Conflicts of Interest at FDA Drug Advisory Committee Meetings.Michael J. Hayes & Vinay Prasad - 2018 - Hastings Center Report 48 (2):10-13.
    The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's drug advisory committees provide expert assessments of the safety and efficacy of new therapies considered for approval. A committee hears from a variety of speakers, from six groups, including voting members of the committee, FDA staff members, employees of the pharmaceutical company seeking approval of a therapy, patient and consumer representatives, expert speakers invited by the company, and public participants. The committees convene at the request of the FDA when the risks and harms (...)
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  43. Pharma's Marketing Influence on Medical Students and the Need for Culturally Competent and Stricter Policy and Educational Curriculum in Medical Schools: A Comparative Analysis of Social Scientific Research between Poland and the U.S.Marta Makowska, George Sillup & Marvin J. H. Lee - 2017 - Journal of Healthcare Ethics and Administration 3 (2):19-33.
    It is reported that medical students both in the U.S. and Poland have experience of interacting with pharmaceutical company representatives (pharma reps) during their school years. Studies have warned that the interaction typically initiated by the pharma reps’ general gift-giving eventually leads to the quid pro quo relationship between the pharma company and the future doctors, the result of which is that the doctors will prescribe their patients drugs in favor of the pharma company. Built upon the existing finding, (...)
     
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  44.  17
    Assessment of the appropriateness of the i-CONSENT guidelines recommendations for improving understanding of the informed consent process in clinical studies.Javier Diez-Domingo, Cristina Ferrer-Albero & Jaime Fons-Martinez - 2021 - BMC Medical Ethics 22 (1):1-12.
    BackgroundThe H2020 i-CONSENT project has developed a set of guidelines that offer ethical recommendations and practical tools aimed at making the informed consent process in clinical studies more comprehensive, tailored, and inclusive. An analysis of the appropriateness of some of its novel recommendations was carried out by a group of experts representing different stakeholders.MethodsAn adaptation of the RAND/ucla Appropriateness Method was used to assess the level of agreement on the recommendations among 14 representatives of different stakeholders, including patients, regulators, investigators, (...)
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  45.  10
    Vaccine Rejecting Parents’ Engagement With Expert Systems That Inform Vaccination Programs.Katie Attwell, Julie Leask, Samantha B. Meyer, Philippa Rokkas & Paul Ward - 2017 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 14 (1):65-76.
    In attempting to provide protection to individuals and communities, childhood immunization has benefits that far outweigh disease risks. However, some parents decide not to immunize their children with some or all vaccines for reasons including lack of trust in governments, health professionals, and vaccine manufacturers. This article employs a theoretical analysis of trust and distrust to explore how twenty-seven parents with a history of vaccine rejection in two Australian cities view the expert systems central to vaccination policy and practice. Our (...)
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  46.  2
    Global Trials, Local Bodies: Negotiating Difference and Sameness in Indian For-profit Clinical Trials.Sibille Merz - 2021 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 46 (4):882-905.
    Global clinical trials depend on a range of standards in order for research results to be comparable. As standardization is more than a mere technical exercise, tensions can arise when things are not uniform. This paper uses empirical data from interviews with principal investigators as well as Clinical Research Organization and pharmaceutical industry representatives working in India’s clinical trial industry to critically examine the ways Indian researchers navigate quests for standardization. It turns the analytical lens to the often obfuscated (...)
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  47.  13
    Philosophic and clinical discourse of the twentieth century.V. M. Skyrtach, R. S. Martynov & A. O. Karpenko - 2016 - Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research 10:17-23.
    The purpose is to identify common and distinctive features of concepts and methodology of the problem of subject within different discourses, implicitly or explicitly relevant to the definition of "clinical" mode of human existence. The research methodology combines techniques of discourse analysis and basic principles of historical and philosophical studies. Originality of the research lies in definition of the clinical philosophical discourse as a special communicative process, where utterances not only focus on disease syndromes, and reveal phenomenology of inner experience (...)
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  48.  8
    Personalized and long-term electronic informed consent in clinical research: stakeholder views.Isabelle Huys, David Geerts, Pascal Borry & Evelien De Sutter - 2021 - BMC Medical Ethics 22 (1):1-12.
    BackgroundThe landscape of clinical research has evolved over the past decade. With technological advances, the practice of using electronic informed consent (eIC) has emerged. However, a number of challenges hinder the successful and widespread deployment of eIC in clinical research. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the views of various stakeholders on the potential advantages and challenges of eIC.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 39 participants from 5 stakeholder groups from across 11 European countries. The stakeholder groups included physicians, patient organization representatives, (...)
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    Decolonization Projects.Cornelius Ewuoso - 2023 - Voices in Bioethics 9.
    Photo ID 279661800 © Sidewaypics|Dreamstime.com ABSTRACT Decolonization is complex, vast, and the subject of an ongoing academic debate. While the many efforts to decolonize or dismantle the vestiges of colonialism that remain are laudable, they can also reinforce what they seek to end. For decolonization to be impactful, it must be done with epistemic and cultural humility, requiring decolonial scholars, project leaders, and well-meaning people to be more sensitive to those impacted by colonization and not regularly included in the discourse. (...)
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    Trade, knowledge and networks: the activities of the Society of Apothecaries and its members in London, c._ 1670– _c. 1800.Anna Simmons - 2019 - British Journal for the History of Science 52 (2):273-296.
    This article explores the activities of the Society of Apothecaries and its members following the foundation of a laboratory for manufacturing chemical medicines in 1672. In response to political pressures, the guild created an institutional framework for production which in time served its members both functionally and financially and established a physical site within which the endorsement of practical knowledge could take place. Demand from state and institutional customers for drugs produced under corporate oversight affirmed and supported the society's trading (...)
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