The aim of this paper is to study the temporal de-synchronization that occurs, within the European Union (EU), between technological innovations in Artificial Intelligence and its legal regulations. To do that, I base on a thesis formulated by Hartmut Rosa, a German sociologist close to the Critical Theory of society, according to which the temporal structures of politics are no longer compatible with the pace of change in some others social spheres. This produces a new form of social pathology, which (...) Rosa calls "risks of de-synchronisation", and whose most worrying effect must be sought in the displacement of decision-making processes from the political sphere to faster areas of society, fundamentally the market. To analyze this problem, I first reconstruct the thesis of desynchronization as a social pathology derived from acceleration. Then, I map the AI legislation process at EU level. Finally, I defend the thesis that this legislative process, which is certainly very admirable, has consistently come too late. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el desajuste temporal que se produce, dentro de la Unión Europea (UE), entre las innovaciones tecnológicas en materia de Inteligencia Artificial y sus regulaciones jurídicas. Para ello se parte de una tesis formulada por Hartmut Rosa, sociólogo alemán cercano a la Teoría Crítica de la sociedad, de acuerdo con la cual las estructuras temporales de la política no resultan hoy ya compatibles con el ritmo de cambio de algunas esferas sociales. Esto produce una nueva forma de patología social, que Rosa denomina “riesgos de la desincronización”, y cuyo efecto más preocupante hay que buscar en el desplazamiento de los procesos de toma de decisiones desde el ámbito de la política hacia otros ámbitos de la sociedad más rápidos, fundamentalmente el mercado. Para analizar esta problemática se reconstruye, en primer lugar, la tesis de la desincronización como patología social derivada de la aceleración. Tras ello, se hace un mapeo del proceso de legislación en materia de IA a nivel de la UE. Por último, se defiende la tesis de que este proceso legislativo, ciertamente muy admirable, ha llegado sistemáticamente tarde. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to offer a reconstruction of the philosophical prehistory of Critical Theory as a critique of the processes of socio-cultural rationalization. To this end, I first expose a philosophical and historical explanation of the processes of social and cultural rationalization that give rise to the emergence of socio-cultural pathologies, as well as a brief definition of these concepts. In the following four section I try to bring to light the way in which Rousseau, Hegel, Marx (...) and Nietzsche evaluate each of these processes and their pathological developments. I conclude that the idea of “cultural pathology” is at least as central as the idea of “social pathology” when it comes to understanding this tradition of thought. (shrink)

The article presents the sources and definitions of the concepts «system» and «lifeworld», emphasizing how the colonization of the lifeworld by the system appears as a pathological process, in the presence of which a critical stance must be maintained. Facing the increase of the systemic complexity, it is necessary to ensure the symbolic reproduction of the lifeworld through communicative action. Although we share with Habermas the meaning of his critique of the colonization, we present some objections to the dichotomous opposition (...) of both spheres, inasmuch as it confers the economical and administrative systems with an ontological status that ultimately safeguards them from any possible critique. (shrink)

El presente artículo se propone analizar el par conceptual “privatismo civil / politización de la sociedad”. El objetivo es cuestionar si una de las formas concretas que adoptan hoy los procesos de repolitización de la sociedad civil, a saber, el llamado politainment y la sentimentalización del relato político, constituye o no una superación del privatismo civil. Para ello reconstruiremos primero la aparición del privatismo civil en el capitalismo tardío. En segundo lugar, analizaremos el surgimiento de esa conciencia ciudadana participativa que (...) tiene su germen en los movimientos sociales de protesta postmaterialistas de finales de los sesenta. En tercer lugar, estudiaremos los procesos de sentimentalización y espectacularización del relato político. Sobre la base de este recorrido, en último lugar argumentaremos en contra de la tesis de una superación del privatismo civil. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to defend the following thesis: although Habermas’ turn from «utopia of labour» to «utopia of communication» enables him to better understand some social movements that emerged since 1970s, a defence of social State necessarily need to resort to the steering media «money» and «power». In order to prove this thesis, I first place Habermas’ criticism to welfare State in the context of his career. Then, I analyse Habermas’ criticism to the reificating potential of the (...) steering media «power». Lastly, I try to prove that the kind of commitments undertaken by the social State since his configuration in the mid-20th century cannot be satisfied with the media of action coordination that Habermas calls «solidarity». (shrink)

El presente artículo trata de presentar los modelos teóricos de Axel Honneth y Adela Cortina —teoría de la lucha por el reconocimiento y ética de la razón cordial, respectivamente— como una respuesta crítica a algunas deficiencias localizadas en la teoría de la acción comunicativa y la ética del discurso habermasiana. Tras exponer los elementos más importantes de los modelos de Habermas, sistematizaré algunos de los problemas fundamentales que se derivan de ellos. En segundo lugar, reconstruiré el significado de la teoría (...) de la lucha por el reconocimiento en el sentido de una superación de la dicotómica separación habermasiana entre sistema y mundo de la vida; para realizar, en tercer lugar, una exposición de la ética de la razón cordial entendida como correctivo tanto al excesivo procedimentalismo de la ética discursiva, como a la negativa habermasiana a incluir también la coordinación comunicativa de las acciones en ámbitos considerados sistémicos.This paper attempts to present the conceptual frameworks proposed by Axel Honneth and Adela Cortina —theory of the struggle for recognition and ethics of cordial reason, respectively— as a critical response to certain deficiencies of Habermas´s theory of communicative action and discourse ethics. Firstly the key elements of Habermas´s theory of communicative action and discourse ethics will be presented, as well as some of its main problems. Secondly the meaning of Honneth´s theory of the struggle for recognition will be reconstructed as an overcoming of one of this problem, namely the Habermasian strict distinction between system and lifeworld. Thirdly the sense of Cortina´s ethics of cordial reason will be presented as a corrective to Habermas´s proceduralism, as well as to the exclusion of communicative rationality from systemic spheres. (shrink)

El objetivo de esta comunicación es ahondar en la visión que ha mantenido Jürgen Habermas a propósito de la manipulación genética; en concreto, se pretende abordar críticamente su hipótesis de una pérdida de autoría del sujeto manipulado. A juicio del autor, la intervención genética positiva —aquélla que tiene por objeto la introducción de virtuales mejoras en el sujeto— alcanzaría a violar la conciencia de autoría de dicho sujeto, así como su autocomprensión en tanto agente moral. En este sentido, se pretende (...) investigar críticamente dos aspectos diferentes de la cuestión: en primer lugar, la corrección o no de la tesis habermasiana; en segundo lugar, la pertinencia o no de dicha tesis a la hora de oponerse a una generalización de la eugenesia positiva: ¿existen argumentos distintos, dentro del propio marco conceptual habermasiano, para oponerse a tal generalización? (shrink)

Se analiza la influencia del pensamiento de Marx en la formulación temprana de la teoría habermasiana. Para ello, se parte de las críticas de Albrecht Wellmer y Jürgen Habermas a la autocomprensión marxiana del materialismo histórico. Luego se estudia la reconstrucción de algunos postulados del marxismo llevada a cabo por Habermas en términos de una renovada teoría de la evolución social. Con ello salen a la luz algunos supuestos básicos de la teoría de Marx que aparecen trasformados en la conceptualización (...) de Habermas y que constituyen una base ineludible para comprender el posterior pensamiento de este autor. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es defender que la pragmática transcendental ofrece la fundamentación normativa de la teoría crítica como teoría de la acción comunicativa. Para ello se expondrá en primer lugar el problema de la normatividad en la Teoría Crítica de la sociedad. Tras describir la forma que adquiere esta teoría tras el giro lingüístico operado por Jürgen Habermas, se reconstruirán en tercer lugar los elementos fundamentales de la pragmática transcendental apeliana y habermasiana. En cuarto y último lugar se (...) mostrará que este modelo constituye la fundamentación normativa de la nueva teoría crítica. The aim of this paper is to argue that transcendental pragmatics constitutes the normative foundation of critical theory, understood as theory of communicative action. To that end, the issue of normativity within Critical Theory discussions is first exposed. After describing the form this theory takes from the linguistic turn carried out by Jürgen Habermas, key elements of Karl Otto Apel´s and Jürgen Habermas´ transcendental pragmatics are thirdly reconstructed. Fourth paragraph shows that this model operates as the normative foundation of the new critical theory. (shrink)

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar la reformulación de los criterios normativos de la Teoría Crítica realizada por Axel Honneth. Para ello, se defiende que el proyecto de Honneth ha sufrido un giro desde sus primeros textos, donde operaba con lo que llamaremos "anticipación contrafáctica de la sociedad emancipada", hasta la actualidad, que utiliza la estrategia llamada "reconstrucción normativa". Para probar esta tesis expondremos, primero, el problema de la fundamentación normativa tal y como aparece en la Teoría Crítica. (...) Tras ello, reconstruiremos el primer modelo de fundamentación normativa empleado por Honneth y, finalmente, localizaremos y explicaremos el tránsito hacia el segundo modelo. ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to study Axel Honneth's reformulation of the normative criteria of the Critical Theory. To this end, we advocate that Honneth's project has changed from his earlier work, in which he adopted what we will call "counterfactual anticipation of the emancipated society", to the present day, when he adopts the approach called "normative reconstruction". To support this idea, first, we will expose the issue ofthe normative foundation as it appears in the Critical Theory. After doing so, we will reconstruct the first model of normative foundation used by Honneth. Finally, we will locate and explain the transition to the second model. (shrink)

RESUMEN Se analiza la influencia del pensamiento de Marx en la formulación temprana de la teoría habermasiana. Para ello, se parte de las críticas de Albrecht Wellmer y Jürgen Habermas a la autocomprensión marxiana del materialismo histórico. Luego se estudia la reconstrucción de algunos postulados del marxismo llevada a cabo por Habermas en términos de una renovada teoría de la evolución social. Con ello salen a la luz algunos supuestos básicos de la teoría de Marx que aparecen trasformados en la (...) conceptualización de Habermas y que constituyen una base ineludible para comprender el posterior pensamiento de este autor. ABSTRACT The article analyzes the influence of Marx's thought on the formulation of Habermas' early theory, starting out from Albrecht Wellmer's and Jürgen Habermas' critiques of the Marxian conception of historical materialism. The paper then goes on to examine the reconstruction of some of the postulates of Marxism carried out by Habermas on the basis of a new theory of social evolution. This brings to light some basic assumptions of Marx's theory that are transformed in Habermas' conceptualization and constitute the necessary basis to understand the author's later thought. (shrink)

Título: Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales y Competencia Digital Docente en Educación Infantil. Autor: Delfín Ortega-Sánchez Edición: Narcea Lugar de publicación: Madrid Año: 2022 Idioma: Castellano ISBN: 978-84-277-2897-4 Páginas: 93.

In ‘The Revolt of the Masses’ Ortega y Gasset set two conceptions of political powers, represented by Cesar and Cicero, against each other. In this article I try to show how both are complementary, as it happened along the history.

Revisión del libro En la cresta de la ola. Debates y definiciones en torno a la historia del tiempo presente por E. Allier Montaño, C. I. Vilchis Ortega y C. V. Ovalle (coord.).

At the beginning of the 20th century Machiavelli is an author celebrated by Ortega y Gasset: the philosopher of Madrid despises the nineteenth century, epilogue of an era, as much as he admires the Renaissance. Twenty years later - in España invertebrada - Ortega reads the pages of Il Principe as the brilliant commentary “from an Italian to the deeds of two Spaniards”, Fernando el Católico and César Borja. D ‘Ors’s position is very different. Although in 1920, (...) in favor of Machiavelli, he opposed “vulgar beliefs”, certainly ends up among the most radical critics. According to d ‘Ors, Machiavelli reaffirms in modernity the paganism of the Emperor Julian and anticipates - against Dante and his theory of the empire - the fate of a fragmented Europe, in which ideas and nations fight, without any reference to a universal authority. (shrink)

In "The Revolt of the Masses" Ortega y Gasset set two conceptions of political powers, represented by Cesar and Cicero, against each other. In this article I try to show how both are complementary, as it happened along the history.

Autobiography and phenomenology: Preface for Germans (1934).--Phenomenology and theory of knowledge: Sensation, construction, and intuition (1913). On the concept of sensation (1913). Consciousness, the object, and its three distances (1916).--Phenomenology and esthetics: An essay in esthetics by way of a preface (1914). Esthetics on the streetcar (1916).--An esthetics of historical reason: The idea of theater: an abbreviated view (1946). Reviving the paintings (Velázquez, chapter I) (1946).

Planteamiento de la naturaleza, de la filosof a y de su raz n hist rica, al contemplar panor micamente la totalidad de su pasado e intentar reconstruir el dram tico suceso de su origen.

Aristotle normally used historical notations to support his arguments. This is somewhat true for all the works of the corpus, but above all for Politics: the nature, objectives, and methodology of the investigations in this treatise present the strongest links with actual and concrete data, and therefore with historia. Obviously even the Aristotle of Politics is not a historian who wants to report known historiographical traditions; however, regardless of his intentions, there is no doubt that the work in question contains (...) precious ‘fragments’ of history which, in general, confirm or supplement our knowledge. There are, however, cases in which the Aristotelian exempla end up filling in the omissions and gaps of the available sources, such as the cursory reference to the nomos of the Aphytaians, which appears in the section of book 6 dedicated to the so-called agricultural democracy. (shrink)

The aim of this essay is to analyze the notion of “loving, knowing ignorance,” a type of “arrogant perception” that produces ignorance about women of color and their work at the same time that it proclaims to have both knowledge about and loving perception toward them. The first part discusses Marilyn Frye's accounts of “arrogant” as well as of “loving” perception and presents an explanation of “loving, knowing ignorance.” The second part discusses the work of Audre Lorde, Elizabeth Spelman, and (...) María Lugones in their attempts to deal with the issue of arrogant perception within feminism, and examines how Lugones's notion of “‘world’-traveling” may help us deal with “loving, knowing ignorance.” Ultimately, the author suggests that we need to become aware of instances of “loving, knowing ignorance,” especially if we are to stay true to Third Wave feminism's commitment to diversity. (shrink)

Based on the concept of interactional competence, our study analyzes how learners of Spanish as a foreign language in a B2 level manage repair in oral interaction in language classrooms. We understand repair as “the treatment of trouble in talk-in-interaction”. A corpus of eleven interactions between students in the classroom is analyzed through the perspective of Conversation Analysis. The interactions were collected in different kinds of tasks in the language classroom. In our analysis we compare interactions produced in practice activities (...) and interactions collected during assessment. The findings in this study show a tendency to manage repair in classroom oral interaction as it would be done in normal conversation. Regarding the different contexts of our corpus, we observe that, in interactions produced in assessment contexts, speakers try to protect their interlocutor’s face and their own face by avoiding to make repairs. (shrink)

The aim of this essay is to carry out an analysis of the multi-voiced, multi-cultural self discussed by Latina feminists in light of a Heideggerian phenomenological account of persons or "Existential Analytic." In so doing, it (a) points out similarities as well as differences between the Heideggerian description of the self and Latina feminists' phenomenological accounts of self, and (b) critically assesses María Lugones's important notion of "world-traveling." In the end, the essay defends the view of a "multiplicitous" self which (...) takes insights from Lugones's view of the self that "travels 'worlds'" and from other Latina feminists' accounts of self as well as from Martin Heidegger's account of Dasein. (shrink)

In this article, we scrutinize views that justify exclusionary policies regarding transgender athletes based primarily on physiological criteria. We introduce and examine some elements that deserve...

: The aim of this essay is to analyze the notion of "loving, knowing ignorance," a type of "arrogant perception" that produces ignorance about women of color and their work at the same time that it proclaims to have both knowledge about and loving perception toward them. The first part discusses Marilyn Frye's accounts of "arrogant" as well as of "loving" perception and presents an explanation of "loving, knowing ignorance." The second part discusses the work of Audre Lorde, Elizabeth Spelman, (...) and María Lugones in their attempts to deal with the issue of arrogant perception within feminism, and examines how Lugones's notion of "'world'-traveling" may help us deal with "loving, knowing ignorance." Ultimately, the author suggests that we need to become aware of instances of "loving, knowing ignorance," especially if we are to stay true to Third Wave feminism's commitment to diversity. (shrink)

The field of numerical cognition provides a fairly clear picture of the processes through which we learn basic arithmetical facts. This scientific picture, however, is rarely taken as providing a response to a much‐debated philosophical question, namely, the question of how we obtain number knowledge, since numbers are usually thought to be abstract entities located outside of space and time. In this paper, I take the scientific evidence on how we learn arithmetic as providing a response to the philosophical question (...) of how we obtain number knowledge. I reject the view that numbers are abstract entities located outside of space and time and, alternatively, derive from the scientific evidence a novel account of the nature of numbers. In this account, numbers are reifications of the counting procedure and arithmetic statements are seen as describing the functioning of counting and calculation techniques. (shrink)

Aristóteles usó normalmente notaciones históricas para apoyar sus argumentos filosóficos. Esto es cierto para todas las obras del corpus, pero sobre todo para la Política: la naturaleza, los objetivos y la metodología de las investigaciones en este tratado presentan los vínculos más fuertes con datos reales y concretos, y por lo tanto con la historia. Evidentemente, el Aristóteles de la Política no es un historiador que quiera informar sobre tradiciones historiográficas conocidas; sin embargo, independientemente de sus intenciones, no hay duda (...) de que la obra en cuestión contiene preciosos ‘fragmentos’ de historia que, en general, confirman o complementan nuestro conocimiento. Hay, sin embargo, casos en los que los exempla aristotélicos acaban llenando las omisiones y lagunas de las fuentes disponibles, como la rápida y concisa referencia al nomos de los Aphytaioi, que aparece en la sección del libro 6 dedicada a la llamada democracia agrícola. Palabras-clave: Aristóteles, Política, historia, democracia agrícola, Aphytaioi. (shrink)

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...) in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

The first goal of this paper is to reply to a number of criticisms levied by Gunnar Breivik and Robert L. Simon against an account of sporting skills I published almost 20 years ago in which I distinguished between constitutive and restorative skills and examined their normative significance. To accomplish this goal, I first summarize my characterization and classification of skills and then detail the criticisms. After responding to the latter, and thus reconsidering and hopefully strengthening my account of skill (...) in sport, I turn my attention to Scott Kretchmar and Tim Elcombe’s inquiry into the skills involved in competitive sport. These authors claim that contesting skills demand the same respect usually accorded to testing skills. The second goal of this paper is then to explore Kretchmar and Elcombe’s inquiry under the light of my reconsidered analysis of skill. I specifically advocate a plausible relationship, both in terms of their distinctive character and relative import, between testing and contesting skills and constitutive and restorative skills. In doing so, I seek to present a more comprehensive account of skill in non-competitive and competitive sport. (shrink)

El propósito central enfatiza la comprensión histórico-cultural de la diversidad y la diferencia como productoras de escenarios donde la tolerancia debe redimir la exclusión y fomentar la equidad; explica, reflexiva y críticamente, algunas ideas que subrayan la urgen te necesidad de replantear los d..

Much media attention has been given to the potentially shifting voting patterns of the U.S. Hispanic population in the 2020 election. However, far less attention has been given to the implications...

One important limitation of the current renditions of interpretivism is that its emphasis on the moral dimension of sport has overlooked the aesthetic dimension lying at the core of this account of sport. The interpretivist’s failure to acknowledge and consider the aesthetic implicitly distances this realm from the moral. Marcia Muelder Eaton calls this distancing the separatist mistake. This paper argues that interpretivism presupposes not only moral but also aesthetic principles and values. What it sets out to demonstrate is that (...) interpretivism is an integralist, or nonseparatist, account of sport, one in which ethical and aesthetic values are not exclusive. Making explicit and specifying interpretivism’s combined moral-aesthetic approach to sport not only helps to better distinguish the whole range of values that make up sport as well as their interconnection but also encourages sportspeople to pursue more coherent sport and, thus, more enriching lives. (shrink)

Includes a translator’s preface, note on the text, and suggestions for further reading.

Organized youth sport has become a prominent activity in Western societies, one around which myriad families structure their daily lives. Despite its popularity, or rather because of it, youth sport is besotted with complex problems. One distinctive set of problems pertains to children’s opportunities to benefit from engagement in sport. Such problems require a reflection on the conditions of justice. The goal of this paper is to explore ethical guidelines to make youth sport more just. The paper begins by characterizing (...) childhood, youth, and youth sport. Then, it articulates considerations of justice in youth sport. Together, these sections provide a basis to formulate the general features of a just youth sport. What emerges is a vision of youth sport that the adults involved in it should emphasize and implement if their young charges, and youth sport, are to flourish, as well as a novel approach to formulating and justifying normative criteria to make youth sport more just. (shrink)