During the last century procedures for distinguishing between ‘human sciences’ and ‘natural sciences’ have seen a number of changes. Currently, the pre-eminence of the scientific-naturalist paradigm, which led the field throughout the nineteenth century, seems again under discussion on some fundamental issues. In particular, the boundaries between the two sciences - boundaries which were in no case rigid or absolute - are being tested, in a confrontation concerning the very statutes of both disciplines as well as their respective methods.

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion.

Non-recent (historic) childhood sexual abuse is an important issue to research, though often regarded as taboo and frequently met with caution, avoidance or even opposition from research ethics committees. Sensitive research, such as that which asks victim-survivors to recount experiences of abuse or harm, has the propensity to be emotionally challenging for both the participant and the researcher. However, most research suggests that any distress experienced is usually momentary and not of any clinical significance. Moreover, this type of research offers (...) a platform for voices which have often been silenced, and many participants report the cathartic effect of recounting their experiences in a safe, non-judgemental space. With regard to the course of such research, lines of inquiry which ask adult participants to discuss their experiences of childhood sexual abuse may result in a first-time disclosure of that abuse by the victim-survivor to the researcher. Guidance about how researchers should respond to first-time disclosure is lacking. In this article, we discuss our response to one research ethics committee which had suggested that for a qualitative study for which we were seeking ethical approval (investigating experiences of pregnancy and childbirth having previously survived childhood sexual abuse), any disclosure of non-recent (historic) childhood sexual abuse which had not been previously reported would result in the researcher being obliged to report it to relevant authorities. We assess this to be inconsistent with both law and professional guidance in the United Kingdom; and provide information and recommendations for researchers and research ethics committees to consider. (shrink)

MAHAN, Asa. Obligation Predicable Only of the Will. In: MAHAN, Asa. Doctrine of the Will. Oberlin: J. M. Fitch, 1847. p 124-136.

O capítulo A Influência da Vontade nos Julgamentos Intelectuais trata mais especificamente de uma teoria do conhecimento acerca das relações da liberdade humana com as crenças, opiniões, e julgamentos destes. Nessetexto, Mahan defende que a Vontade influencia, direta, e também indiretamente, os erros de julgamento, quando eles existem; o que torna os seres humanos responsáveis por seus preconceitos e julgamentos errados. Para Asa Mahan, nenhuma de nossas faculdades intelectuais, e tampouco os nossos sentidos, nos enganam; antes, os erros têm sua (...) origem em assunções realizadas indevidamente pelo próprio agente moral - assunções da Vontade - através do uso que ele faz de sua liberdade. (shrink)

Queremos homenajear a Ricardo Sánchez Ortiz de Urbina ―cumple ahora 91 años―, un filósofo y un fenomenólogo original, que ha desarrollado una propuesta revolucionaria: la estromatología, en la tradición fenomenológica de Husserl y Richir; tras su etapa de juventud y maduración al calor de Gustavo Bueno. En este artículo trato de comprender bien su sistema filosófico (estromatológico) y apuesto por destacar una de sus teorías esenciales y originales: el nivel de intermediación. Aquí hallamos el núcleo trascendental del ser humano, que (...) no necesita ya un «Ego trascendental». Y aquí hallamos el lugar donde se hace posible la cultura, el lenguaje entreverado en las lenguas, las ciencias matemáticas y físicas, el arte, el mundo simbólico de los mitos, las religiones y las ideologías. Es también el lugar donde la realidad cuántica y la realidad empírica clásica pueden conciliarse. (shrink)

Ao romper com as bases de representação do imaginário nacional que conferiam sentido simbólico e ideológico à MPB, o rap torna a dissolução do horizonte cultural que orientava parte da sociedade brasileira seu ponto de partida. Aquilo que para MPB representou uma crise profunda - a ponto do compositor Chico Buarque afirmar que o modelo de canção que a sua geração havia consolidado provavelmente teria chegado ao fim –, é o ponto de partida do rap nacional. Dessa maneira, o rap (...) consegue transfigurar em matéria formal aquilo que o Brasil havia efetivamente assumido enquanto projeto político: um verdadeiro campo de extermínio a céu aberto, que tem como aspecto decisivo a produção e a gestão da violência. O presente artigo é uma tentativa de acompanhar os desdobramentos desse modelo de sobrevivência periférico desde sua consolidação até seus mais recentes desdobramentos. (shrink)

In the period from January 1920 to December 1921 a cooperation between Jessie Fauset, Augustus Dill and W.E.B. Du Bois resulted in the publication of a periodical called “The Brownies’ Book” the first publication for North American black, and not white children and young people. The creation of “The Brownies' Book” was a pioneering event in African American literature in general and, more specifically, in the field of African American children's literature, as it was the first periodical composed and published (...) by African Americans for black children who, until then, searched in vain for material that included a perspective on their experience and history. This article argues that the TBBs were one of the harbingers of the movement called the Harlem Renaissance, constituting a children's literary materialization of the path towards the emergence of what the philosopher Alain Locke called the New Negro. What was being formulated was both the deconstruction of stereotypes associated with blacks and the active projection/creation of a positive identification with their local and ancestral community. This paper seeks to identify the post-WWI discursive strategies and practices of de-racialization proposed for “the children of the sun”, as W.E.B. Du Bois called them, in order to stop seeing themselves “through the eyes of others”. (shrink)

ABSTRACTUnmarried and childless women are frequently portrayed negatively in society. Social storytelling often renders them discriminated against, or in extreme cases, outcast by their kin or clan. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with never married women to explore the concept of femininity, constructions of identity in daily-life, identity changes over time, marital status, and the interaction between having not married and womanhood. Data specifically relating to self-definitions of femininity and marital status concentrate on the speakers’ constructions of themselves as both (...) the subject and the object of their own reflective enquiry. Four key themes emerged through the analysis: ‘Being Never Married’; ‘Society’s Perceptions’; ‘Being Feminine’; and ‘The Self and Transitions’. This study facilitates understanding of never married women’s relationship with themselves, their gender identity, and marital status; and is key to understanding how this population discusses their marginalisation in society. (shrink)

"The translation is based on the most authoritative edition of the Greek text. 'Lives of the Eminent Philosophers' is a crucial source for much of what we know about the origins of philosophy in ancient Greece. Accompanied by dozens of artworks and newly commissioned essays that shed light on Diogenes' context and influence, this new, complete translation provides a revealing glimpse into the philosophers of Plato's Academy, Aristotle's Lyceum, and Epicurus' Garden."--Provided by publisher.

Organisations have implemented intensive home-based teleworking in response to global COVID-19 lockdowns and other pandemic-related restrictions. Financial pressures are driving organisations to continue intensive teleworking after the pandemic. Understanding employees’ teleworking inclinations post COVID-19, and how these inclinations are influenced by different factors, is important to ensure any future, more permanent changes to teleworking policies are sustainable for both employees and organisations. This study, therefore, investigated the relationships between the context of home-based teleworking during the pandemic, productivity perceptions during home-based (...) teleworking, and employees’ future teleworking inclinations beyond the pandemic. Specifically, the study examined whether pandemic-teleworking conditions related to the job, and the physical and social environments at home, influenced employees’ FTI, and if perceptions of improved or reduced productivity mediated these relationships. Data were collected during April and May 2020 with a cross-sectional online survey of teleworkers in Germany, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and other countries during the first COVID-19 lockdowns. Reported FTI were mixed. Most participants reported wanting to telework more post-pandemic compared to before the pandemic; however, 18% wanted to telework less. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that some teleworking conditions were positively associated with FTI. Other teleworking conditions were not associated with FTI. Perceived changes in productivity mediated the relationship between work privacy fit and FTI. Findings highlight the role of work privacy fit and job demands in influencing pandemic productivity perceptions and teleworking inclinations post-pandemic. Results raise questions about the suitability and sustainability of home-based teleworking for all staff. As organisations plan to increase the proportion of teleworking post-pandemic, this study suggests there is a need to support employees who perceived their productivity to be poor while home-working during the pandemic. (shrink)

Journal of Social Philosophy, EarlyView.

En este artículo buscamos mostrar que, tanto en la filosofía de Schopenhauer como también en la de Bergson, la experiencia estética se constituye como el paradigma del conocimiento intuitivo. A diferencia de lo que establece la teoría kantiana, para Schopenhauer y Bergson la intuición no sólo es la única forma de conocimiento inmediato, sino que no necesita de conceptos para aprehender aquello dado en la sensibilidad. Asimismo, puesto que actualmente no encontramos demasiada literatura sobre la influencia de Schopenhauer en la (...) filosofía de Bergson, dicho análisis pretende contribuir al establecimiento de los posibles vínculos entre ambas teorías. (shrink)

In recent decades, psychological research on the effects of mindfulness-based interventions has greatly developed and demonstrated a range of beneficial outcomes in a variety of populations and contexts. Yet, the question of how to foster subjective well-being and happiness remains open. Here, we assessed the effectiveness of an integrated mental training program The Art of Happiness on psychological well-being in a general population. The mental training program was designed to help practitioners develop new ways to nurture their own happiness. This (...) was achieved by seven modules aimed at cultivating positive cognition strategies and behaviors using both formal and informal practices. The program was conducted over a period of 9 months, also comprising two retreats, one in the middle and one at the end of the course. By using a set of established psychometric tools, we assessed the effects of such a mental training program on several psychological well-being dimensions, taking into account both the longitudinal effects of the course and the short-term effects arising from the intensive retreat experiences. The results showed that several psychological well-being measures gradually increased within participants from the beginning to the end of the course. This was especially true for life satisfaction, self-awareness, and emotional regulation, highlighting both short-term and longitudinal effects of the program. In conclusion, these findings suggest the potential of the mental training program, such as The Art of Happiness, for psychological well-being. (shrink)

The cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS‐STING) pathway is central for the initiation of anti‐tumoural immune responses. Enormous effort has been made to optimise the design and administration of STING agonists to stimulate tumour immunogenicity. However, in certain contexts the cGAS‐STING axis fuels tumourigenesis. Here, we review recent findings on the regulation of cGAS expression and activity. We particularly focus our attention on the DNA‐dependent protein kinase (DNA‐PK) complex, that recently emerged as an activator of inflammatory responses in tumour (...) cells. We propose that stratification analyses on cGAS and DNA‐PK expression/activation status should be carried out to predict treatment efficacy. We herein also provide insights into non‐canonical functions borne by cGAS and cGAMP, highlighting how they may influence tumourigenesis. All these parameters should be taken into consideration concertedly to choose strategies aiming to effectively boost tumour immunogenicity. (shrink)

There are two Habsburg empires in our minds: One – that of Stefan Zweig and Joseph Roth – evokes melancholy and a sense of loss, a yearning not for simpler but perhaps more colourful, less exacting...

In the field of clinical practice, there does not seem to be too much contention about what schizophrenia is, at least from a high level. After all, there are various diagnostic systems and guidelines, all of which point toward schizophrenia as a psychotic syndrome which likely forms a continuum with other psychotic disorders. It may sound obvious that, according to the current definitions, the major commonality between schizophrenia and all other psychoses is psychotic symptoms; more precisely, delusions and hallucinations. Any (...) description, or ‘phenomenology’ as most clinicians view it, can be found in these diagnostic manuals. However, is there anything at all that sets schizophrenia apart from the other... (shrink)

Butler, Judith (2022)¿Quina mena de món és aquest?: Fenomenologia i pandèmia Barcelona: Arcàdia, 136 p.ISBN 978-84-124717-2-4.

We argue that several apparently distinct responses to the hole argument, all invoking formal or mathematical considerations, should be viewed as a unified “mathematical response.” We then consider and rebut two prominent critiques of the mathematical response before reflecting on what is ultimately at issue in this literature.

El presente artículo surge de una lectura del Filebo y se propone clarificar la teoría del placer de Platón. Comprobamos que Platón no nos ofrece un análisis articulado ―en esta obra de su periodo de vejez― en un solo nivel sino que estructura su argumentación dialéctica a través de cuatro momentos o cuatro grandes actos, según hemos llegado a diferenciar. En el primer acto se plantea que frente a la tesis del valor del placer (hedoné) defendida por Filebo, se levanta (...) la de Sócrates, propugnador de un valor superior al placer y hasta antagónico a él: la vida de conocimiento (phrónesis). Este antagonismo queda varado enseguida y el propio Sócrates plantea que el bien buscado para la vida ha de proceder de una tercera alternativa, mezcla de los dos componentes antagónicos. Con este planteamiento se abre el resto de la investigación platónica que se propone dar con las claves que expliquen la composición de esta mixtura idónea de placer-saber. Al final, Platón nos dará una jerarquía de valores que no es otra cosa que su propuesta madura sobre la vida buena y el lugar que el placer ha de ocupar en ella. (shrink)

El filósofo español Ricardo Sánchez Ortiz de Urbina, discípulo de Edmund Husserl y de Gustavo Bueno, completa en 2021 su sistema filosófico y nos muestra de manera trabada y novedosa la estructura del conocimiento humano. Se exponen aquí las principales tesis de este sistema: la estromatología. Ahora desde el punto de vista de la epistemología. Una epistemología fenomenológica renovada. Las tres dimensiones de la realidad (la dimensión natural, la intencional y la eidética) y sus tres niveles estromatológicos (original, intermedio y (...) objetivo) se ponen en correlación con la matemática, las ciencias naturales y las ciencias humanas; y no solo, también con el conocimiento que arrojan el arte, la estética y la religión. (shrink)

El filósofo español Fernando Miguel Pérez Herranz publica Cuatro cuadros y cuatro contrastes. En torno a la cuestión vasca en septiembre de 2022. El libro aborda, en principio, un tema ideológico, sin embargo, tras su lectura lo que se ve es un ejercicio de la mejor filosofía. El tema del nacionalismo queda en él magníficamente tratado. Y toda su argumentación se sostiene no solo sobre un trabajo ad hoc muy preciso sino sobre toda su filosofía anterior. Era preciso reconstruir esta (...) filosofía, esquemáticamente al menos, para entender mejor este magistral último libro. (shrink)

La filosofía política del mundo Occidental ha tratado de concordar la política con la moralidad desde Sócrates, Platón y Aristóteles hasta nuestros días. Tomando pie en las propuestas de Rawls y Platón, el autor se pregunta si es posible constatar las partes determinantes de una teoría de la justicia que aspirara a ser completa superando las insuficiencias clásicas. Para ello, el paso previo es distinguir entre ética, moral y política. La conclusión será que no hay Justicia sin igualdad y sin (...) ley, pero si nadie defiende la igualdad y la ley, ambas tenderán a desaparecer y si desde ningún ángulo se organizan operativamente las ideas tenderán a fracasar la ley, la igualdad y la humana condición en lucha. (shrink)

La Justicia aparece en la historia de las ideas ético-políticas, en los textos actuales y en los usos con los que es aplicado como un concepto complejo, muy versátil, de muchas vertientes, cuyo uso tiene apariencia de claridad a veces pero cuya definición queda enredada fácilmente en un marasmo de generalidades. Para procurar contribuir a su claridad y distinción habíamos propuesto como criterios determinantes: 1) la Igualdad; 2) la Ley; 3) la lucha por la Justicia; y 4) la defensa de (...) una ideología sobre la Justicia. Pero si de este modo hubiéramos conseguido avanzar algo en esta clarificación, nuevos punto oscuros se nos estarían imponiendo a su vez, porque, el conjunto de conceptos propuestos en los criterios necesita ser definido y enmarcado por su parte. (shrink)

The dynamic landscape of ethics in higher education is pivotal as organizations and individuals navigate diverse stakeholder needs. Ethical responsibility becomes an integral facet of all professionals, highlighting the crucial role of ethical education in preparing students for post-graduation success. The acquisition of ethical competence, rooted in knowledge of ethical principles, equips students with the tools to make ethical decisions, shaping their ethical behavior and responses. Yezreel Valley College exemplifies this commitment, with a well-defined Code of Academic Ethics reflecting universal (...) values and principles, overseen by the College Ethics Committee. In summary, this case study offers insights into Yezreel Valley College's ethical education practices, emphasizing the significance of ethics in higher education and the dynamic interplay between ethics and professionalism. The college's proactive approach positions it as a leader in addressing ethical challenges and adapting to changing environments while fostering ethical competence in its students. (shrink)

In this article, I give a counterexample to a claim made in that empirically equivalent theories can often be regarded as theoretically equivalent by treating one as having surplus structure, thereby overcoming the problem of underdetermination of theory choice. The case I present is that of Lorentz's ether theory and Einstein's theory of special relativity. I argue that Norton's suggestion that surplus structure is present in Lorentz's theory in the form of the ether state of rest is based on a (...) misunderstanding of the role that the ether plays in Lorentz's theory, and that in general, consideration of the conceptual framework in which a theory is embedded is vital to understanding the relationship between different theories. (shrink)

Understanding how animals might make sense of the interfaces they interact with is important to inform the design of animal-centered interactions. In this regard, biosemiotics provides a useful lens through which to examine animals’ interactions with interfaces and the sensemaking mechanisms that might underpin such interactions. This paper leverages Uexküll’s Umwelt theory, Peirce’s logic of sign relations and Gibson’s theory of affordances to analyze examples of dogs’ interactions with interfaces, particularly the role of the semiotic mechanisms of indexicality and isomorphism. (...) Based on these analyses, the paper derives design implications, and proposes a semiotic framework to support the analysis and design of canine-centered interactions. The framework could be subsequently extended to support the analysis and design of interactive systems for other species. (shrink)

In Gendered Readings of Change, Clara Fischer develops a unique theory of change by drawing on American philosophy and contemporary feminist thought. Via a select history of ancient Greek and Pragmatist philosophies of change, she argues for a reconstruction of transformation that is inclusive of women's experiences and thought. With wide-ranging analysis, this book addresses ontological, moral, epistemological, and political questions, and includes an insightful exploration of the philosophies of Parmenides, Aristotle, John Dewey, Iris Young, and Jane Addams.

Resenha do livro: ALMEIDA, Rute Salviano; PINHEIRO, Jaqueline Sousa. _Reformadoras: Mulheres que influenciaram a reforma e ajudaram a mudar a igreja e o mundo. _Rio de Janeiro: Godbooks, 2021, 240 p.

This communication wants to deal with the relations between the Philosophy of Plato and the cult of Dionysus in Ancient Greece. This makes necessary to distinguish the cult of Dionysus with its feasts and secret rituals, especially the maenadic rites of women, from orphism. The Maenads practiced rites closely associated with mania and those rites included bloody sacrifice (sparagmos) and the consommation of raw flesh (omophagy). As we assumed in our book“Dionysos em transe: la voix des femmes”, this cult was (...) an iniciatic feminine rite, connected to biological transformations particular to women, as pregnance and birth. At the other side, orphism is an asceptic and vegetarian sect, which clearly influenced some platonic theories, as exposed in Cratyle or Gorgias, concerning “the body as the tomb of the soul”. What we want to show here is the dionysiac character of some other theories, as those about the mania in Phaedrus or even the so called “platonic theory of Love” in the Symposium. We are dealing than with the definition of Philosophy itself in platonic dialogs: is Philosophy a study about death as orphic influence demands or is it a work of birth, as dionysiac influence suggests? (shrink)

Among the schools of philosophy in the Greco-Roman world, there was Stoicism, Epicureanism, Platonism, and Skepticism to name the most prominent and influential. There was however another "school" and that was known as Cynicism. The Cynics were not scholars or writers. Like a Jesus, or a Socrates, or a Buddha, they were oralists whose memorable utterances and actions were transmitted to posterity by admirers (and detractors). It is doubtful whether we can even justly call them philosophers, as they did not (...) organize themselves into a school or possess a set of systematic doctrines. Their mode of life was a philosophy of doing. The Cynics were, to put it in contemporary terms, lifestylists and performance artists. The most famous Cynic, Diogenes of Sinope, threw out his bowl, as one less thing he needed, when he saw a young boy drinking with his hands. He also comically, when Alexander the Great asked what he could do for him, replied "Get out of my sun" making clear the young conqueror had nothing to offer him. And yet the Cynics, as Mark Usher aims to show in this collection, did purvey some core values that distinguished them in their own time and recommends them to ours. Indeed, they speak with some urgency to our current predicaments involving climate change, socio-economic uncertainty, and psychic malaise. Their "less is more" approach to living anticipates our contemporary fashion for decluttering, minimalism, and simpler more natural ways of living. Like ancient Thoreaus, their disentanglement of our needs from our wants provides an object lesson in prioritizing truly human goods. The Cynics also exemplified the idea that subsistence lifestyles are sustainable lifestyles, and the principle behind their lived example gives the lie to the modern article of faith that economic development and growth are synonymous with quality of life. Finally, their embrace of cosmopolitanism-the Cynics coined the word-flies in the face of the resurgent nativism that threatens the stability of nations, including our own. The Cynics championed their positions on the grounds that each of them accorded with a state of affairs found in Nature. Their appeal to the example of non-human agents, animals in particular, is highly instructive as it validates the intrinsic worth of the non-human world more broadly, foreshadowing thereby a central tenet of modern environmental philosophy. Taken as a whole, this volume will aim to recover the Cynic ways of thinking and living and refurbish them and make them relevant for our modern, beleaguered world. (shrink)

En este trabajo se investiga el concepto de apariencia [Schein] que Kant desarrolla en la Crítica de la razón pura y textos complementarios. Se sostendrá que la propuesta crítica de Kant ha de ser comprendida en relación con la tradición metafísica previa —«metafísica dogmática»— y que el concepto de apariencia constituye un punto de anclaje privilegiado para abordar esta relación, además de situar a Kant como pensador moderno. Asimismo, se ofrece, siguiendo a G. Lebrun, una propuesta de distinción entre apariencia (...) lógica y trascendental. Finalmente se demarca el lugar de la ontología y la metafísica tras la operación crítica kantiana. (shrink)

"This rich compendium on the lives and doctrines of philosophers ranges over three centuries, from Thales to Epicurus (to whom the whole tenth book is devoted); 45 important figures are portrayed. Diogenes Laertius carefully compiled his information from hundreds of sources and enriches his accounts with numerous quotations. Diogenes Laertius lived probably in the earlier half of the 3rd century CE, his ancestry and birthplace being unknown. His history, in ten books, is divided unscientifically into two 'Successions' or sections: 'Ionian' (...) from Anaximander to Theophrastus and Chrysippus, including the Socratic schools; 'Italian' from Pythagoras to Epicurus, including the Eleatics and sceptics. It is a very valuable collection of quotations and facts." -- Publisher description. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Literature, as the art of words, presents its text in different forms and languages. Whether through its humanizing potential or, still, through its narrative quality, it reaches readers and offers them a plurality of tools to create texts, using established works as arguments. After all, literature holds within its scope narratives that are true treasures arranged as a testament for all of humanity. Thus, in this article, our goal is to analyze the literary work A verdadeira história de Chapeuzinho (...) Vermelho [The True Story of Little Red Riding Hood] (2020)1 by Agnese Baruzzi and Sandro Natalini, presented as a book-object with a keen materiality. We will seek to understand the characteristics of the work that promote literary aesthetic enjoyment, moving the work away from a didactic and moralizing perspective. To do so, we will comprehend the specificities of the verbal text, the imagery, and the materiality characteristics that pervade the work, understand the techniques, tools, and proposed interactions, as well as recognize the book’s multimodal capacity. (shrink)

This article aims to point out the idea of ​​a priori elaborated by Immanuel Kant in his work Critique of Pure Reason (1781), which concerns a conception of knowledge prior to experience, to understand the concept of “aesthetics of politics”, elaborated by Jacques Rancière and who, to explain it, uses a broad concept called “sharing the sensitive”. It is through the analogy made from the Kantian concept that we are willing to develop this first objective, to reach a second objective, (...) namely, to understand the relationship between the “aesthetics of politics” and the “politics of aesthetics” with the intention of to highlight the implications of these two concepts brought by Jacques Rancière. (shrink)