The analysis of the golden Mithras’ bas-relief in the Museum of the Baths of Diocletian in Rome confirms the Platonic Chiasma. The scene admits two diagonals starting from each corner. One passes through the sun and the other through the moon. The sun god is also shown with an object in his left hand, which may be a soul or a sacred heart. This would confirm that the slab shows the opposition between metempsychosis (lunar) and resurrection (solar). The analysis of (...) the Barberini fresco is of great interest. It shows that the Platonic Chiasma falls exactly within the celestial gates of Capricorn and Cancer. The solar line is superimposed on a line already present on the fresco. Finally, sacred geometry helps to explain some strange-looking reliefs from the Danube region. (shrink)

The role of the Holy Spirit was considerable during the Romanesque period, and its importance remained unknown for a long time. Illuminations could contribute to restoring an appropriate understanding of church settings. The perspective of a powerful and hidden Spirit reveals a new perspective on the tympanums of some famous Romanesque churches. Résumé— Le rôle de l'Esprit Saint était considérable à l'époque romane, et son importance est restée longtemps inconnue. L'analyse de certaines enluminures contemporaines pourrait être précieuse, même pour interpréter (...) certains décors d’église. La mise en perspective de la croyance médiévale en des esprits nombreux donne un nouveau regard sur les tympans de quelques églises romanes célèbres. (shrink)

The ritual tympanum of the god Mithra has no clear interpretation to date. In particular, the animals under the bull remain mysterious. If they have been considered as representations of certain constellations, this esoteric hypothesis remains disputed. Could the god Mithra, symbol of the Roman army, be attracted by the stars? Another hypothesis is to consider this religion as pragmatic. These small animals would be familiar to the Romans. They would symbolise trust. To understand Mithra, don't we have to change (...) our way of seeing the Roman mentality? (shrink)

For Sigmund Freud, founder of psychoanalysis, the Unconscious is characterized by the fact that it is born from the repression of impulses. For Carl Jung, on the other hand, the Unconscious is made up of everything that is not conscious. According to Jung: “It is inherent to reality and to the communication of the conscious with the Unconscious, and allows the becoming of the individual”. He called it “collective” because its pictorial manifestations, the archetypes, were common to all human beings. (...) For 20 years he searched, with the physicist Wolfgang Pauli, for an extra-personal origin of the Unconscious, called “synchronicity”. The study of near-death experiences sheds new light on this question: the last image the dying man/woman sees would be himself a few weeks before his birth. The ego is believed to be built in the fetal stage around the discovery of the body, and to remain unchanged until brain death. Personalism would describe the fetus’ access to self-consciousness by discovering his body. (shrink)

Zbiór tekstów pochodzących z różnych czasopism z lat 1952-1979.

This paper reports the results of a workshop held in January 2013 to begin the process of establishing standards for e-learning programmes in the ethics of research involving human participants that could serve as the basis of their evaluation by individuals and groups who want to use, recommend or accredit such programmes. The standards that were drafted at the workshop cover the following topics: designer/provider qualifications, learning goals, learning objectives, content, methods, assessment of participants and assessment of the course. The (...) authors invite comments on the draft standards and eventual endorsement of a final version by all stakeholders. (shrink)

Résumé Après l’enthousiasme soulevé par le début des années 1990, les peuples autochtones de Sibérie ont dû relever de nombreux défis. Dans le nord-ouest sibérien, au-delà des associations qui militent pour la reconnaissance et les droits autochtones, des expériences individuelles ont vu le jour, qui chacune à leur façon, puisent dans la culture traditionnelle pour s’adapter au cadre complexe de la Fédération de Russie.

The model and framework presented in the target article by Thelen et al. is an interesting effort that is able to account for the contextual variability in the A-not-B performance of 7–12-month-old infants. In the process of developing their framework, the authors discounted the concept of object as a useful notion in discussions of A-not-B performance. For Piaget and other developmentalists, the main evidence for the acquisition of the concept of object was the disappearance of A-not-B errors after age 12 (...) months. However, the Thelen et al. model makes predictions of A-not-B outcomes over a much shorter, trial-to-trial time scale. Given the mismatch in the time scales over which analyses in the two approaches have been based, we wonder if the challenge to the concept of object has been misplaced. (shrink)

This discussion brings together five economists who address the major questions raised by the recent developments in the crisis of neoliberalism. The participants confront their respective definitions of neoliberalism, their understanding of the role played by financial mechanisms in the crisis and their interpretation of the crisis of sovereign debts. They discuss the implications of the crisis for the forces of the left, examining the consequences of the current weakening of the prior American hegemony : does it point to a (...) bipolar or a multipolar world, a period during which regional evolutions will have a degree of relative autonomy, some of which might define the outlines of the alternatives to neoliberalism? (shrink)

Les fondations du trésor de Sicyone à Delphes contiennent deux monuments archaïques exceptionnels : une tholos et un monoptère. De 1921 à 1924, G. Daux et J. Replat avaient procédé à un démontage partiel dont les résultats sont présentés et commentés ici. Environ sept cents blocs sont remployés de façon rationnelle et fondent non seulement les murs mais encore l'intérieur du trésor. Toute hypothèse sur l'identité du ou des donateurs de ces deux monuments doit tenir compte du caractère unique de (...) ce remploi. Les vestiges en place autorisent une restitution dans ses grandes lignes du trésor de la fin du vr siècle et un examen du contexte topographique de ce dernier. (shrink)

: Three unpublished ayyubid letters are presented here. They are addressed to ascetics, fuqarāʾ and ṣūfī, residing in the great mosque of Damascus, and devoted to reading the Qurʾān and praying at the tomb of prophet Zakariyyāʾ. This veneered shrine or ziyāra had been ignored until now, although it was known and it is common knowledge nowadays, that some rituals took place around the location where the head of John the Baptist, known in the lands of Islamic world as Yaḥyā (...) b. Zakariyyāʾ, was kept. Our research seeks to present aspects of the rituals held in the tomb of Zakariyāʾ, arguing that it was initially established with an impetus from Saladin, then thrived under his ayyubid successors, to start dwindling until it was abandoned by the end of the mamluk era. (shrink)

Was man Fruhe Neuzeit nennt, ist durch ausserordentliche Ereignisse gepragt, die die uberlieferten Welterklarungen in Frage stellen. Nicht nur die Erfahrungswelt andert sich, auch die Welt der Wissenschaft. Wunderbar ist etwas, das bestehende Diskurse nicht bestatigt, sondern herausfordert. Es widerspricht dem Gewohnten und ist erklarungsbedurftig. Die Kernfrage ist nun, bis wohin es im Kontext der Fruhen Neuzeit gelang, das Wunderbare zu erfassen und zu erklaren, und von welchem Punkt an die traditionellen Diskurse vom Wunderbaren widerlegt und falsifiziert wurden, so dass (...) neue Ordnungen gesucht werden mussten. Wie weit konnen traditionelle Ordnungen im Interesse von Erklarungen erweitert und verandert werden? Gelingt es den neuen Ordnungen, das Wunderbare aufzulosen und als 'Explanandum' logisch aus anderen Tatsachen und ubergeordneten Naturgesetzen abzuleiten? Wie wird die Konkurrenz zwischen den Diskursen in den zeitgenossischen Texten erortert? Der vorliegende Band umfasst Beitrage renommierter Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler aus dem In- und Ausland, die sich dem Wunderbaren im Zugriff der Vernunft in der fruhen Neuzeit aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln widmen. (shrink)

This study shows how three Chilean media construct in their discourse the social actor ‘secondary students’, in a multimodal way. It focuses on the representation of Televisión Nacional de Chile (also known as TVN), El Dínamo and El Ciudadano of this social group which is often suppressed suppressed from the media sphere. It is a qualitative study with a social semiotic approach, following the guidelines of Visual Grammar and the typology of representation of social actors by van Leeuwen (2003). The (...) corpus comprised 15 multimodal texts of 2018 compiled from internet sites, which constitute a semiotic chain of a news event about education. The results suggest that TVN creates the meaning of an ‘aggressor student’, El Dínamo as a ‘student to be reformed’; whereas El Ciudadano, represents him as a social actor who is an ‘active participant’. (shrink)

Eigenfeatures are created by the principal component approach (PCA) used on objects described by a low-level code (i.e., pixels, Gabor jets). We suggest that eigenfeatures act like the flexible features described by Schyns et al. They are particularly suited for face processing and give rise to class-specific effects such as the other-race effect. The PCA approach can be modified to accommodate top-down constraints.

Cet ouvrage étudie la langue du vrai dans la première modernité. La vérité dépend-elle d'une belle énonciation? Y a-t-il des règles institutionnelles spécifiques d'énonciation de la vérité? Pourquoi la doctrina constitue-t-elle l'horizon de tout savoir et de tout enseignement prétendant à la vérité?

On June 13, 323 BCE, Alexander the Great, king of the Greeks, died at Babylon at the age of thirty-three. He had conquered a large part of the known world—the oikoumenē of the Greeks—and he had pushed back the eastern limits of the universe by advancing into India as far as the basin of the Ganges. He had also done everything in his power to give birth to a myth around his person, a myth that endures to this day. Alexander (...) came to power in 336 BCE, at the age of twenty, after his father, Philip II, king of Macedon, had been assassinated. He was the cherished pupil of Aristotle, who followed him in his ventures and dedicated a treatise to him entitled Rhetoric to Alexander. He went to war in Asia against the .. (shrink)

L’Action catholique spécialisée a donné naissance pendant le deuxième tiers du XXe siècle au Mouvement populaire des familles (MPF) et à ses dérivés. Ces Mouvements se donnaient pour but la formation et la promotion du monde ouvrier par lui-même, notamment par le biais de la famille. Les mères de famille au foyer prenaient en charge les intérêts de leur quartier et de toutes les familles ouvrières, assumant ainsi une maternité sociale. Elles organisaient des délégations auprès des mairies, créaient et géraient (...) des services (Femmes de prisonniers pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, services de machines à laver, travailleuses familiales pendant les trente glorieuses…). Le modèle d’action du MPF entre en déclin avec la modernisation du pays puis, dans les années 1970 avec l’accès généralisé des femmes au travail. (shrink)

The central issue in this paper is the overtaking of neoliberalism by a possible new “social order”, a new phase in the history of capitalism. In contemporary capitalism, the “upper classes”—capitalist classes, the classes of managers and officials—jointly ensure the control of the means of production. Their common hegemony in neoliberalism is supported by the alliance at the top of the social hierarchies, under the leadership of capitalist classes. This hegemony could be continued beyond neoliberalism, though under new forms. A (...) first such potential social order is similar to neoliberalism, which it prolongs, a “third financial hegemony”. (Neoliberalism represented the “second financial hegemony”; the first prevailed before the Great Depression of the 1930s). The other social order can be described as a “neomanagerialism”. While the same alliance would prevail at the top, the leadership would here be that of the managerial class, and would involve much stronger state intervention. (Another opportunity, albeit one which we unfortunately deem unlikely, would be the alliance between popular classes and managers, a “social-managerialism”). A comparison between the United states and China highlights the relevance of neomanagerialism. The strong neomanagerial features of China show the potential efficiency of this social configuration. A turn to neomanagerialism would probably be the only way of preserving what can be saved of U.S. international hegemony. (shrink)

The central issue in this paper is the overtaking of neoliberalism by a possible new “social order”, a new phase in the history of capitalism. In contemporary capitalism, the “upper classes”—capitalist classes, the classes of managers and officials—jointly ensure the control of the means of production. Their common hegemony in neoliberalism is supported by the alliance at the top of the social hierarchies, under the leadership of capitalist classes. This hegemony could be continued beyond neoliberalism, though under new forms. A (...) first such potential social order is similar to neoliberalism, which it prolongs, a “third financial hegemony”. (Neoliberalism represented the “second financial hegemony”; the first prevailed before the Great Depression of the 1930s). The other social order can be described as a “neomanagerialism”. While the same alliance would prevail at the top, the leadership would here be that of the managerial class, and would involve much stronger state intervention. (Another opportunity, albeit one which we unfortunately deem unlikely, would be the alliance between popular classes and managers, a “social-managerialism”). A comparison between the United states and China highlights the relevance of neomanagerialism. The strong neomanagerial features of China show the potential efficiency of this social configuration. A turn to neomanagerialism would probably be the only way of preserving what can be saved of U.S. international hegemony. (shrink)

Paul Claudel a eu à plusieurs reprises l’occasion de méditer sur le mystère de la sainte Trinité, même s’il ne lui a consacré aucune œuvre particulière. Sa perspective est toujours poétique : il s’agit de savoir comment exprimer par les mots l’inexprimable. Après avoir examiné ses sources théologiques, nous nous arrêtons sur le rapprochement des deux termes machina et Trinitas, caractéristique de l’usage claudélien de l’oxymore, ainsi que sur d’autres métaphores du registre mécanique, pour dégager finalement une poétique plus générale (...) de l’acte créateur. (shrink)

Miguel de Cervantès a ouvert le dossier des rapports de « la vérité » avec le « réel », appliquant à cette question toute sa puissance visionnaire. Dans au moins deux de ses œuvres, il compose une approche très originale de ce questionnement : Le Retable des Merveilles, joué longtemps avant sa date de publication en 1615, et le fameux Don Quichotte. Le réel est-il « vrai » ou répond-il d’une construction mentale confinant à la folie? Le Retable, par la (...) mise en scène hallucinatoire de la pseudo-réalité suggérée, dénonce l’emprise du pouvoir politique sur l’imaginaire collectif, soumis à la domestication qu’impose le Saint-Office, tandis que le Quichotte, irrémédiablement placé sous la direction de la « doctrine dulcinéenne », brave l’oppression du système inquisitorial en créant sa propre épistémologie fondée sur un « code ». En matière de vérité, comme le dit le Chevalier de Lions, ne s’agit-il pas de « peser la chose et la mettre à son vrai point »? Aussi, dans ces deux œuvres, le lecteur est-il constamment invité à transcender toute lecture littéraliste, à surplomber la quiétude des banalisations indéfiniment répétées, pour découvrir ce qui constitue l’épistémologie quichottienne, libératrice du sens. Et si ce « point de vérité » se trouvait précisément dans le nom du Quichotte, audible en une langue bannie de la Péninsule en 1492 dont l’auteur semble être un fin connaisseur? L’histoire du Quichotte devient alors l’histoire de la vérité en mouvement, accompagnée de la grâce tutélaire de Dulcinée, que le lecteur est appelé à suivre, peut-être même à rattraper, pour mieux comprendre combien le réel se code selon une haute folie que le rationalisme ne rejoint pas. (shrink)

Bulletin de Philosophie Médiévale, Volume 62, Issue, Page 430-436, January 2020.