No se pretende hacer una comparación entre la filosofía de Kant y la de Spinoza, sino más bien mostrar un punto de encuentro, en el que ambas se cruzan sin reconocerse, El análisis de tal encrucijada gira en torno a la autonomía y al conocimiento racional como acción libre. Despuésde esbozar la imagen filosófica que Kant tenía del Spinozismo ysu crítica a éste como antítesis del criticismo, a pesar del carácter de racionalismo crítico que, sin embargo, posee, se muestra en (...) una breve exposición de las líneas maestras de ambas ¿ticas, como entre disonancias y malentendidos se produce una convergencia en lo esencial: una ética lúcida y sin sumisiones, a la vez que un enfrentamiento en cuanto a la naturaleza y función del deseo.On nc cherche pas leí A comparer Kant et Spinoza, mais plutót A dépeindre la relation entre ses philosophies comme un point de rencontre oit les deux se crossent sans se reconnaitre. L’analyse de cette mésentente toume autor de l’autonomie et de la connaissance rationelle comme action libre. Aprésavoir vu l’image de Spinoza chez Kant et la critique que celui-ci fait du spinozisme comme antithése du criticisme et avoir rétabli, cependant, la théorie spinoziste comme rationalisme critique, on montre finalement, en exposant les grandes lignes des deux éthiques, comme A travers les dissonances et les malentendus, il y a une convergence dans l’essentiel: une éthique lucide et sans soumission. (shrink)

Se trata de una reflexión interdisciplinar, a partir de W. Benjamin, sobre las relaciones entre experiencia, tiempo y memoria histórica. La primera parte analiza el empobrecimiento moderno de la "erfahrung" que genera una "nueva barbarie", a la vez que experimentación innovadora, y que reclama un concepto más rico de experiencia, ligada a la totalidad concreta de la existencia. La segunda señala algunas paradojas de la memoria, muestra la inconsistencia del tiempo, cristalizado en el mito de "cronos", como principio ordenador, y (...) toma en consideración experiencias relevantes que requieren concebir otro tiempo. En esa dirección, la tercera parte desarrolla la idea de "jetztzeit", núcleo de la concepción crítica de la historia como tradición de los oprimidos, en cuyos instantes de peligro relampaguea el "angelus novus. (shrink)

The current science publishing system is in need of a positive transformation for the good of scientists and society as a whole. Herein, we propose features that, in our view, will distinguish the science publishing system of the future.

The island of Ibiza is a western Mediterranean destination known internationally for its nightlife. The aim of this paper is to make a proposal to classify the different types of premises in the Ibiza nightlife offer. This involves making a first definition that allows to delimit which businesses are parts of the sector. The methodology used is based on the case study and specifically, on the review of the promotional actions and activities carried out, completed with the visit to the (...) premises. The classification has been made based on the offer marketed and not only on the legal forms used, as innovation goes ahead of the existing legal classifications. Although it is a particular application, due to the international importance of Ibiza, it is a good starting point to classify the nightlife offer of many other tourist destinations. The resulting typology divides the sector into two large groups: nightclubs and other premises. While nightclubs have musical parties as their main activity declared, the other premises have accommodation or catering as their main activity, with music being an element of differentiation. Nightclubs are divided into several subgroups, depending on their size and relevance. The other premises are subdivided into Beach Clubs, Hotel Clubs, Party Boats, Lounge Clubs, Disco Pubs, among others. (shrink)

AimThe Coronavirus 2019 pandemic represents one of the most catastrophic events of recent times. Due to the hospitals’ emergency situation, the population of healthcare workers was the most affected. Healthcare workers who were exposed to COVID-19 patients are most likely to develop psychological distress and post-traumatic stress disorder. The present study aimed at investigating PTSD in a sample of Italian healthcare workers during this outbreak and to evaluate the effectiveness of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy with this population.MethodsA (...) total of 744 healthcare workers were included. 587 healthcare workers were treated with EMDR, while the other 157 were not treated. Participants were asked to provide sociodemographic information; the post-traumatic symptomatology was evaluated through Impact of Event Scale-Revised and to investigate the level of intensity of emotional activation was used The Emotion Thermometer at two time points.ResultsThe results obtained between EMDR treatment and non-EMDR treatment were evaluated on only 2 hospitals. Treatment group n = 68 vs. waitlist non-treatment group n = 157. All scores pre- and post-EMDR decreased significantly showing an evident effect of EMDR. The differences between pre- and post-treatment of the IES-R scores of subjects in which EMDR was performed as compared to the scores pre- and post-12 weeks of waiting list subjects in which it was not performed were significantly different.LimitationThe emergency situation did not provide an opportunity to explore further aspects that would have been important for research. One limitation is the use and analysis of only two standardized tests. In addition, other psychopathologies were not investigated as outcome measures. A limitation is the comparison of subjects treated online and de visu. Although the protocol used was the same, the mode of intervention may have influenced the results. In addition, the effectiveness of EMDR treatment was only evaluated at two time points with no possibility of follow-up and the lack of a control group.Discussion/conclusionThe findings of the present study suggest that healthcare workers were at high risk of developing PTSD when confronted with COVID-19 outbreak and suggest the importance of psychological support during this humanitarian emergency. (shrink)

This article explores the relationship between the philosophy of the limit of Eugenio Trías and the sufism of Ibn ʿArabī. Firstly, it explains the function of the philosophy of religion in the triasian system and why the andalusian master has a privileged position. Secondly, it presents some essential aspects of the akbarian doctrine obtured by the philosophy of limit, as the declaration of the unity of Being, the path of servanthood, the transit from the sudden passion of love to (...) the spiritual love, the spiritual knighthood and the station of no-station. All of them share a common element: the trascendence of the egoic and the interest on the other as other. Finally, the article defends that Trias obturates the andalusian master doctrine due to the influence of Henry Corbin and mainly to the own limitations of its own philosophical project. The absent Ibn ʿArabī will be its shadow. (shrink)

Este artículo explora la relación entre la filosofía del límite de Eugenio Trías y el sufismo de Ibn ʿArabī. En primer lugar, pretende explicar la función de la filosofía de la religión en el sistema triasiano y por qué el maestro andalusí ocupa un lugar privilegiado en ella. Segundo, se ocupa de algunos aspectos esenciales de la doctrina akbarí que la filosofía del límite obtura, como la declaración de la unidad del Ser (tawḥīd), la conjugación de lo exotérico y (...) lo esotérico, la superación de la propia creencia, el camino de la servidumbre (ʿubūdiyya), el tránsito de la pasión súbita de amor (hawā) al amor espiritual (ḥubb), la caballería espiritual (futuwwa) y la morada de la no-morada (maqām lā maqām), los cuales comparten un nexo común: el trascendimiento de lo egoico y el interés en el otro en tanto otro. Finalmente, se defenderá que la obturación triasiana se debe tanto al influjo de Henry Corbin, como sobre todo, a las propias limitaciones de su proyecto filosófico, para el que el Ibn ʿArabī ausente constituye una suerte de sombra. (shrink)

Overview The evolution of multicellularity raises questions regarding genomic and developmental commonalities and discordances, selective advantages and disadvantages, physical determinants of development, and the origins of morphological novelties. It also represents a change in the definition of individuality, because a new organism emerges from interactions among single cells. This volume considers these and other questions, with contributions that explore the origins and consequences of the evolution of multicellularity, addressing a range of topics, organisms, and experimental protocols. Each section focuses on (...) selected topics or particular lineages that present a significant insight or challenge. The contributors consider the fossil record of the paleontological circumstances in which animal multicellularity evolved; cooptation, recurrent patterns, modularity, and plausible pathways for multicellular evolution in plants; theoretical approaches to the amoebozoa and fungi (cellular slime molds having long provided a robust model system for exploring the evolution of multicellularity), plants, and animals; genomic toolkits of metazoan multicellularity; and philosophical aspects of the meaning of individuality in light of multicellular evolution. Contributors Maja Adamska, Argyris Arnellos, Juan A. Arias, Eugenio Azpeitia, Mariana Benítez, Adriano Bonforti, John Tyler Bonner, Peter L. Conlin, A. Keith Dunker, Salva Duran-Nebreda, Ana E. Escalante, Valeria Hernández-Hernández, Kunihiko Kaneko, Andrew H. Knoll, Stephan G. König, Daniel J. G. Lahr, Ottoline Leyser, Alan C. Love, Raul Montañez, Emilio Mora van Cauwelaert, Alvaro Moreno, Vidyanand Nanjundiah, Aurora M. Nedelcu, Stuart A. Newman, Karl J. Niklas, William C. Ratcliff, Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo, Ricard Solé . (shrink)

Modern zoos strive to educate visitors about zoo animals and their wild counterparts’ conservation needs while fostering appreciation for wildlife in general. This research review examines how zoos influence those who visit them. Much of the research to-date examines zoo visitors’ behaviors and perceptions in relation to specific exhibits, animals and/or programs. In general, visitors have more positive perceptions and behaviors about zoos, their animals and conservation initiatives the more they interact with animals, naturalistic exhibits, and zoo programming/staff. Furthermore, zoo (...) visitors are receptive to conservation messaging and initiatives at zoos, and are more likely to participate in on-site conservation opportunities as opposed to after their visits. The research also suggests that repeat visitors are even more inclined to seek out conservation efforts compared to those visiting zoos for the first time. While current research suggests that repeat-visitors are more likely to engage in conservation efforts, little is known about causal factors related to such findings, and almost no research exists to-date comparing the conservation efforts of visitors vs. non-visitors. This latter comparison will likely play a greater role in future zoo visitor research, since it poses one of the most important metrics for evaluating the specific effects visiting a zoo can have on people engaging in conservation efforts in general. (shrink)

In this paper, I propose an account of self-knowledge for desires. According to this account, we form beliefs about our own desires on the basis of our grounds for those desires. First, I distinguish several types of desires and their corresponding grounds. Next, I make the case that we usually believe that we have a certain desire on the basis of our grounds for it. Then, I argue that a belief formed thus is epistemically privileged. Finally, I compare this account (...) to two other similar accounts of self-knowledge. (shrink)

Business Ethics: A European Review, EarlyView.

Most research studying the corporate social performance –corporate financial performance link has utilized developed country samples. Also, this literature has generally focused on a wide variety of industries, ignoring the fact that certain sectors – such as controversial industries – have graver social and environmental issues. Hence, a gap exists in this tradition when it comes to emerging markets and controversial industries. This paper attempts to fill this void by providing preliminary evidence and insight on the matter. Based on an (...) exploration in six Latin American countries and five controversial industries, we find a negative bidirectional association between CSP and CFP. These results tend to contradict the mainstream conclusion of a positive bidirectional link, suggesting that institutional and market-level forces play a major role in shaping this relationship. (shrink)

Drawing on recent advances in analytic epistemology, feminist scholarship, and philosophy of science, Jane Duran's Toward a Feminist Epistemology is the first book that spells out in the detail required by a supportable epistemology what a feminist theory of knowledge would entail.

One of the main features of Heidegger’s thinking is his constant confrontation with the history of the western philosophy, above all with the greek and the modern. But the young Heidegger also maintained an important dialogue with medieval philosophy. This article is intended as an approximation to this last topic, in the light of the new volumes that appeared within the framework of the Gesamtausgabe. The heideggerian confrontation with medieval philosophy is primarly a philosophical confrontation and is changing according to (...) the changes in Heidegger’s own philosophical conceptions. On the other hand, the article does not deal with the problem of Heidegger’s relationship with the medieval Mystic. (shrink)

The article reveals the ambivalence of the Hegelian interpretation of medieval philosophy. Hegel shares the «anti-medieval» prejudice prevailing in modern thought since the Renaissance and Reformation. In Hegel, the Protestant heritage is especially strong. Yet when he observes the subjectivist tendencies of modern Protestant theology, he proposes, as a counter-model, the more speculative and philosophical approaches of medieval thinkers.One can thus speak of a «vindication» of medieval philosophy in Hegel´s thought, despite his anti-medieval prejudice.

Deleuze’s philosophy is permeated with the problem of the continuum. The idea that the coexistence of durations is implied in the concept of duration itself allows Deleuze to offer a fresh perspective on multiplicity, which is distinct from Bergson’s approach, and which proposes new perspectives on the continuum. While Deleuze critiques Leibniz’s view on this concept by highlighting the non-uniform nature of the continuum, the infinitesimal still plays a significant role in his analysis. However, in his late reading of Leibniz, (...) Deleuze emphasises that folds, rather than infinitesimals, should be considered as the smallest components of the continuum’s labyrinth. This implies that there is a union of indiscernible cuts in the continuity, cuts that do not create gaps or breaks in the overall coherence, but rather a labyrinth. I will show how, in exploring this problem, Deleuze and Guattari draw inspiration from Kafka, in order to relate continuity to contiguity. This relation reveals an internal difference that defines the distinction between what is continuous and what is contiguous. This, in our view, marks a considerable shift between Deleuze’s early reading of Bergson and his late reading of Leibniz, and it allows Deleuze to further develop his idea of the continuum. (shrink)

Jane Duran's Worlds of Knowing begins to fill an enormous gap in the literature of feminist epistemology: a wide-ranging, cross-cultural primer on worldviews and epistemologies of various cultures and their appropriations by indigenous feminist movements in those cultures. It is the much needed epistemological counterpart to work on cross-cultural feminist social and political philosophy. This project is absolutely breath-taking in scope, yet a manageable read for anyone with some background in feminist theory, history, or anthropology. Duran draws many (...) comparisons and connections to Western philosophical and feminist ideas, yet avoids facile or imperialistic over-universalization. Her book is powerful, comprehensive, and brave. It will prove an enormously useful resource for scholars in women's studies, philosophy, anthropology, religious studies, and history. (shrink)

En el presente artículo se ensaya un diagnóstico crítico de la situación vigente en educación, desde la conjunción de la filosofía neoliberal con la tradición filosófica política de la educación latinoamericana, con el propósito de establecer e instanciar la pregunta por el rol del profesor y el quehacer de la pedagogía de la liberación en la actualidad latinoamericana. La investigación en su contexto más amplio -en cuya base se encuentra la _filosofía política de la educación nuestroamericana_- se propone propiciar un (...) diálogo participativo y reflexivo que sumerja la discusión actual en educación y política en una categoría como la esclavitud social y escolar, siempre con el imperativo de pensar _desde_ y _para _Latinoamérica. (shrink)

El artículo examina el conflicto formal que se produce en la descripción de Odradek al interior de “La preocupación del padre de familia” de Franz Kafka. En la voz de su narrador, Kafka se vale de un lenguaje de extraordinaria precisión para describir a su criatura (Odradek), produciendo una serie de paradojas. Prestamos atención seria a estas paradojas, mostrando las consecuencias que ellas plantean para los conceptos de “historia” en Kant y Benjamin, en sus respectivas relaciones con el concepto de (...) “naturaleza” en estos autores. (shrink)

According to Pablo Oyarzun, Benjamin’s concept of history “is not about a war over the representation of history, but a war over history itself. Only in so far as this is its field, there can also be a struggle for its representation”. While Oyarzun’s observation refers to the first “thesis” of Benjamin’s «On the Concept of history», in this article I argue that it can be productively used to shed light onto a broader understanding of the Benjamin’s concept of history. (...) To that end, I elaborate on Oyarzun’s comment in order to analyze and to render explicit the relationship between 'Truth' and 'presentation' in Benjamin’s thought. In doing so, I highlight the relevance of this relationship for the concept of 'History' that Benjamin elaborated in the late ‘30s. (shrink)

Spanning over nine hundred years, Eight Women Philosophers is the first singly-authored work to trace the themes of standard philosophical theorizing and feminist thought across women philosophers in the Western tradition. Jane Duran has crafted a comprehensive overview of eight women philosophers--Hildegard of Bingen, Anne Conway, Mary Astell, Mary Wollstonecraft, Harriet Taylor Mill, Edith Stein, Simone Weil, and Simone de Beauvoir--that underscores the profound and continuing significance of these thinkers for contemporary scholars. Duran devotes one chapter to each (...) philosopher and provides a sustained critical analysis of her work, utilizing aspects of Continental theory, poststructuralist theory, and literary theory. (shrink)

Resumen:Este artículo presenta una lectura crítica de la filosofía de Enrique Dussel, donde se consideran los quiebres y continuidades de su proyecto ético temprano y maduro. El objetivo de la investigación es explorar y exponer el pensamiento del autor en relación con las problemáticas, críticas y polémicas que presenta. Para esto se esclarecen las posiciones éticas y políticas tempranas de su filosofía, la atingencia de la crítica de Horacio Cerutti, la estructura de la ética madura, el debate con Karl-Otto Apel, (...) la estructura de la política de la liberación y la crítica de Santiago Castro-Gómez. El texto presenta una lectura secular y crítica de una de las filosofías de la liberación más relevantes en Latinoamérica.Palabras clave: Enrique Dussel; filosofía de la liberación; filosofía latinoamericana; modernidad/decolonialidad; Santiago Castro-Gómez. (shrink)

Resumen: La intención del presente artículo es reexaminar el concepto bergsoniano de Duración entendido como coexistencia de niveles de multiplicidad heterogéneos. Si bien dicho concepto ha sido pensado a partir de una comprensión que podría ser caracterizada como continuista, el mismo Bergson evitará confundir dicha continuidad con la idea de homogeneidad. Intentaremos mostrar que la determinación del concepto de Duración se alcanza al definirla como tensión o entrelazamiento entre sucesión y simultaneidad, y por consiguiente, como una multiplicidad que hace coexistir (...) diferentes flujos de duración. Para ello, Bergson propone la existencia de un Tiempo impersonal y único como base para la relación entre duraciones. Nuestra hipótesis es que esta misma situación puede entenderse mejor si se articula el concepto de ritmo en la obra de Deleuze, concepto ligado íntimamente a las nociones de duración y coexistencia. Mediante los movimientos de contracción, dilatación, reunión y división, el ritmo opera junto a las duraciones disponiéndose como un campo de relación, pudiendo ocupar el lugar que había sido asignado al Tiempo único.: The aim of this paper is to reevaluate the Bergsonian concept of durée, understood as a coexistence of heterogeneous levels of multiplicity. Although this concept has been thought of from a point of view that could be characterized as "continuist", Bergson himself avoids confusing this continuity with the idea of ​​homogeneity. We will try to show that the determination of the concept of durée is reached by defining it as a tension or interlacement between succession and simultaneity, and therefore as a multiplicity based on the coexistence of different flows of duration. Bergson proposes the existence of an impersonal and unique time as the basis for the relationship between durations. Our proposal is that this same situation can be better understood through the concept of rhythm as articulated in Deleuze's work, a concept closely linked to the notions of Durée and coexistence. Through the movements of contraction, dilation, reunion, and division, rhythm operates along with the available durations as a field of relation, being able to occupy the place that had been assigned to unique time. (shrink)

Resumen: La intención del presente artículo es reexaminar el concepto bergsoniano de Duración entendido como coexistencia de niveles de multiplicidad heterogéneos. Si bien dicho concepto ha sido pensado a partir de una comprensión que podría ser caracterizada como continuista, el mismo Bergson evitará confundir dicha continuidad con la idea de homogeneidad. Intentaremos mostrar que la determinación del concepto de Duración se alcanza al definirla como tensión o entrelazamiento entre sucesión y simultaneidad, y por consiguiente, como una multiplicidad que hace coexistir (...) diferentes flujos de duración. Para ello, Bergson propone la existencia de un Tiempo impersonal y único como base para la relación entre duraciones. Nuestra hipótesis es que esta misma situación puede entenderse mejor si se articula el concepto de ritmo en la obra de Deleuze, concepto ligado íntimamente a las nociones de duración y coexistencia. Mediante los movimientos de contracción, dilatación, reunión y división, el ritmo opera junto a las duraciones disponiéndose como un campo de relación, pudiendo ocupar el lugar que había sido asignado al Tiempo único.: The aim of this paper is to reevaluate the Bergsonian concept of durée, understood as a coexistence of heterogeneous levels of multiplicity. Although this concept has been thought of from a point of view that could be characterized as "continuist", Bergson himself avoids confusing this continuity with the idea of homogeneity. We will try to show that the determination of the concept of durée is reached by defining it as a tension or interlacement between succession and simultaneity, and therefore as a multiplicity based on the coexistence of different flows of duration. Bergson proposes the existence of an impersonal and unique time as the basis for the relationship between durations. Our proposal is that this same situation can be better understood through the concept of rhythm as articulated in Deleuze's work, a concept closely linked to the notions of Durée and coexistence. Through the movements of contraction, dilation, reunion, and division, rhythm operates along with the available durations as a field of relation, being able to occupy the place that had been assigned to unique time. (shrink)