Businesses and governments in postcolonial countries frame investments in wind energy as efforts to address climate change and sustainable development. However, when wind energy projects encroach on indigenous peoples’ lives and land, there is often a lack of recognition and participation of these peoples and an unequal distribution of cost and benefits of such projects toward them, which leads to opposition against wind energy projects and often triggers conflicts for justice. Worryingly, such conditions have repeatedly resulted in the assassination of (...) human rights defenders, which further inflames the conflict. Herein, I discuss these concepts based on a longitudinal study centered on a wind energy project in Oaxaca, Mexico, with the aim of exploring and understanding the conditions under which wind energy investments fail to respect current laws and norms, as well as the consequences of such negligence. My in-depth analysis of the actions of the government, businesses, and indigenous peoples revealed a phenomenon that is less discussed in environmental justice research: the gradual and continuous transformation of indigenous peoples’ norms and behaviors away from their traditional economic and cultural livelihoods. This phenomenon helps to extend the conceptual understanding of environmental justice with regard to social turbulence, which is defined as the unpredictable behavior of political and social systems in contexts in which existing laws, regulations, and norms regarding environmental justice are not observed. The concept of social turbulence of environmental justice helps to explain how indigenous peoples sacrifice their territories, norms, and traditions to a technical solution to climate change and sustainable development. (shrink)

En reacción al platonismo de Quine acerca de los objetos matemáticos han surgido las posiciones ficcionalistas, tanto las revisionistas como las hermenéuticas. En mi parecer las tres posiciones son defendibles. Cuál elige uno (si es que decidimos elegir una de ellas), depende de convicciones filosóf..

La caracterización de la ética postulada por Foucault en sus últimas investigaciones choca con la concepción del sujeto de sus primeros escritos, donde este se presenta como el paciente de las diversas presiones institucionales que le dan forma. El presente texto propone delimitar las tensiones que surgen al contrastar ambas concepciones. Para ello, se esbozarán las particularidades de la ética en Foucault para luego perfilar las oposiciones que esta encuentra en las regulaciones del campo de las relaciones de poder. A (...) través de esta indagación, se buscará dar respuesta a la pregunta de si es posible la vida ética en la filosofía foucaultiana. (shrink)

El autor se propone demostrar en este ensayo que: (i) la cantidad de gente pobre en Chile es al menos el doble de la que se anuncia oficialmente; (ii) la brecha que separa a los más ricos de los más pobres es bastante mayor que la estimada; (iii) la estructura de poder determina que los beneficios del desarrollo se acumulen en los estratos más ricos, por lo cual altas tasas de crecimiento económico no redundan necesariamente en una disminución de la (...) pobreza; (iv) la inequidad se da también por actividades económicas específicas, por regiones y por género; (v) se produce constantemente un masivo traslado de riqueza desde los salarios y desde los recursos naturales a la masa de excedentes empresariales; (vi) se necesita una firme intervención del Estado para corregir esta situación. (shrink)

Por la encrucijada que la figura de Søren Kierkegaard supone en la historia del pensamiento, siendo comúnmente considerado como gozne entre el idealismo y las filosofías de la existencia, entre la creencia en un espíritu objetivo y la reivindicación subjetivista que halla acomodo en el agitado siglo XX, parecería obligado identificar y aislar la cuestión propiamente filosófica, en el seno de una producción tan peculiar como la suya. Una producción abundante en incógnitas, pistas falsas y autores ficticios, con preocupaciones que (...) pertenecen a ámbitos contrastados, de la estética a la teología. Por su problematicidad inherente, el concepto de ambigüedad -que él mismo tematizó- puede entenderse clave en la aproximación crítica a su obra, como verdadero “contra-concepto”. (shrink)

Desde un enfoque estructural e interdisciplinario, el artículo ofrece un pano-rama de uno de los fenómenos filosóficos más relevantes en América Latina: la Filosofía de la Liberación, enfatizando especialmente los momentos emblemáticos de su génesis y la necesidad de revaluar su potencial crítico en la sociedad contemporánea. La estructura temática del texto expone: a) un acercamiento a la definición del término Filosofía de la Liberación; b) un perfil de las principales características de este filosofar con-cretamente en su etapa inicial; c) (...) una reflexión sobre el paradigma neoliberal predominante; d) y diversos aportes de este filosofar ante los desafíos contemporáneos, que le brindan la oportunidad de redimensionar sus posibilidades críticas, a favor de los pobres, grupos oprimi-dos, pueblos periféricos o excluidos de los beneficios del sistema socio-económico y político vigente. El artículo brinda un repertorio del tema sin pretender lógicamente agotarlo, con el fin de indagar sobre la composición de la Filosofía de la Liberación, la diversidad de su desarrollo y al mismo tiempo sobre su importancia o vigencia en la actualidad. (shrink)

This article explores the strategies followed by the International Olympic Committee for the achievement of gender equality. It is argued that this international body can go beyond simply adopting an equality of opportunities approach to gender equality. It suggests which other strategies can be incorporated for which it draws on the different ways of understanding gender equality in gender political theory.

ABSTRACTThis paper argues that most prominent normative theories on immigration neglect a critical dimension of the migratory phenomenon, a neglect that blinds them to important rights that, under some circumstances, immigrants ought to have as a matter of justice. Specifically, the paper argues that these theories fail to appreciate that the children of immigrant families, regardless of whether they were born in their parents’ country or in the host country, should benefit from educational rights addressing needs that are particular to (...) their situation. These children may be forced to move between these two countries. This situation generates an obligation for both states to act jointly to provide educational opportunities so that these children are fully conversant with both cultures and in both languages. Put succinctly, then, we argue that since children of immigrant families lack any certainty of permanent residence in the host society owing to the threat of deportation and the precarity of their legal status, host and home societies bear the duty to offer an education that allows them to be functional in both societies. (shrink)

The emergence of collective intelligence has been studied in much greater detail in small groups than in larger ones. Nevertheless, in groups of several hundreds or thousands of members, it is well-known that the social environment exerts a considerable influence on individual behavior. A few recent papers have dealt with some aspects of large group situations, but have not provided an in-depth analysis of the role of interactions among the members of a group in the creation of ideas, as well (...) as the group’s overall performance. In this study, we report an experiment where a large set of individuals, i.e., 789 high-school students, cooperated online in real time to solve two different examinations on a specifically designed platform (Thinkhub). Our goal of this paper 6 to describe the specific mechanisms of idea creation we were able to observe and to measure the group’s performance as a whole. When we deal with communication networks featuring a large number of interacting entities, it seems natural to model the set as a complex system by resorting to the tools of statistical mechanics. Our experiment shows how an interaction in small groups that increase in size over several phases, leading to a final phase where the students are confronted with the most popular answers of the previous phases, is capable of producing high-quality answers to all examination questions, whereby the last phase plays a crucial role. Our experiment likewise shows that a group’s performance in such a task progresses in a linear manner in parallel with the size of the group. Finally, we show that the controlled interaction and dynamics foreseen in the system can reduce the spread of “fake news” within the group. (shrink)

THE PURPOSE OF THE ARTICLE IS TO SHOW THAT AESTHETIC\nENJOYMENT IS THE FEELING OR EXPERIENCE OF THE FREE LIFE OF\nCONSCIOUSNESS. GENERALLY, CONSCIOUSNESS ACCOMPANIES OUR\nPSYCHIC ACTIVITIES ONLY AS A WITNESS, WHILE IN THE\nCONTEMPLATIVE ATTITUDE IT AFFIRMS ITSELF INDEPENDENTLY; BUT\nINSOFAR AS IT LIMITS ITSELF TO PERCEPTION, CONSCIOUSNESS\nONLY REFLECTS THE REAL. PSYCHIC DISTANCE IS THE FIRST STEP\nTOWARD ITS INDEPENDENT LIFE, BUT IT IS YET FREEDOM FROM,\nNOT NECESSARILY FREEDOM TO. IT IS ONLY WHEN THE ARTIST\nBEGINS TO MASTER IMAGES WITH THE AIM TO CREATE THAT\nCONSCIOUSNESS (...) DYNAMISES ITSELF INTO AUTONOMOUS ACTIVITY.\nTHE AUTHOR EMPLOYS THE DIALECTIC METHOD IN ORDER TO PROVE\nTHAT THE MULTIPLE OPPOSITIONS IN AESTHETICAL THEORIES FIND\nTHEIR SYNTHESIS IN HIS INTERPRETATION. (shrink)

This paper attempts to bring to the attention of the readers a concept that broadens ethical considerations for Alzheimer's disease research. We propose we move away from the ethical paradigm that focuses on avoidance of coercion for participation in studies as well as privacy and safety to a more inclusive paradigm that will not only include the principles outlined above but will also guarantee access to new treatments for individuals that participate in research and other members of society. Specifically, if (...) the research being performed results in a new treatment for Alzheimer's disease, would the individuals participating in the research and other members of their community have access to and benefit from these treatments, given the availability of financial and other resources in the society that will allow for the implementation of these treatments. This paper will propose a model that will facilitate the achievement of these broader ethical considerations. (shrink)

El autor hace un repaso crítico de las teorías del conocimiento (naturalista, evolucionista, posmoderna…) que en las últimas décadas, recurriendo al “viraje pragmático” presuntamente protagonizado por Heidegger y el segundo Wittgenstein, se han centrado en la revisión crítica e implacable demolición de la “imagen cartesiana” y sus grandes supuestos: representacionismo, fundamentalismo, “egotismo”, etc.; apostando por la sustitución de la teoría del conocimiento como tal, y su lenguaje universalizante, por una suerte de filosofía de la cultura de inspiración hermenéutica.

A partir de una lectura crítica de El marxismo como moral, obra clásica de José Luis López Aranguren, éste artículo trata de interrogarse acerca de los fundamentos normativos y morales del marxismo. A lo largo del texto se proponen diversas líneas temáticas para profundizar en la dimensión ética del pensamiento de Karl Marx y la tradición marxista, tratando de liberar, al mismo tiempo, su proyecto intelectual y político de diversos tópicos vinculados a su recepción tradicional. El ámbito ético aparecerá como (...) espacio de mediación entre el conocimiento y la realidad, revelándose como fundamental para el marxismo desde un punto de vista praxeológico. Al final del artículo se dialoga críticamente con algunas posiciones éticas en el marco del marxismo contemporáneo. (shrink)

The paper examines a recent proposal of substitution of classic (normative) philosophy of science by a post-positivist and pluralistic axiology governed by aesthetic or formal values. The author of the paper proposes a different set of values that can enconpass not only “internal” values, but is also open to the examination of the ethical limits of tecnoscience and the principles that can govern scientific development in oru “risk societies”, which depends heavily on the general evolution of science.

El presente artículo tiene por objeto la elaboración de una bibliografía que ilustre la tarea editorial que realizó Lester Embree sobre la figura y el pensamiento de Alfred Schutz. Dicha bibliografía abarca las ediciones sobre textos de Schutz que preparó Embree, algunos inéditos hasta entonces, así como la totalidad de obras que escribió, editó y coeditó sobre Schutz y sus aportaciones en forma de capítulos de libros y artículos de revista a la investigación relacionada con el pensamiento de Alfred Schutz. (...) Acompaña al repertorio bibliográfico un breve comentario acerca de algunas de las principales obras de Embree recogidas en el mismo que nos permite hacer un recorrido por las cuestiones relativas al pensamiento de Schutz que más le interesaron al fenomenólogo americano. También constataremos el interés predominante de Embree por las ciencias culturales y su esfuerzo en promover una mayor colaboración entre fenomenólogos y científicos sociales de diferentes disciplinas.This article aims to present a bibliography that illustrates the editorial work that Lester Embree wrote about Alfred Schutz and his thought. This bibliography covers the editions of Schutz’s texts that Embree prepared, some unpublished until then, as well as all the works that he wrote, edited and coedited about Schutz and his contributions to the research of Alfred Schutz’s thought in form of chapters of collective works and papers in Journals. We include a brief comment about some of the main works of Embree taken from the bibliography which allows us to explore with the american phenomenologist some questions regarding Schutz’s thought. We will also take note of Embree’s interest in cultural sciences and his endeavours to promote a deeper collaboration between phenomenologists and social scientists from different disciplines. (shrink)