Este artículo destaca el papel del sujeto en la construcción del conocimiento científico, alejándose de las posturas positivistas en ciencias sociales. Destaca la teoría de la reflexividad y sus implicancias teóricas y metodológicas, en especial la investigación social de segundo orden. ..

The purpose of the article is to examine the nature of the quantitative investigation in the Peruvian sociology. In fact, quantitative studies show a divorce between theory and methodology, result of the insufficient development of the sociological instruments and the theoretical weakness that affe..

This article reviews the development of a new epistemic discourse in Latin America. Global modernity opens up a historical time of bifurcation and cognitive emergency, which confronts the hegemony of Eurocentric thinking. An episteme that expresses the profound historical changes of the modern mind-set. It also aims to imagine an inherent rationality that holds a complex holistic vision of the world as well as the values of freedom and social equality. El artículo examina el desarrollo de un nuevo discurso epistémico (...) en América Latina. La modernidad global abre un tiempo histórico de bifurcación y emergencia cognoscitiva que confronta la hegemonía del pensamiento eurocéntrico. Episteme que expresa los profundos cambios históricos del modo de pensar moderno y pretende imaginar una racionalidad inherente a una visión holística compleja del mundo y a los valores de libertad e igualdad social. (shrink)

Resumen: Este ensayo sobre la epistemología de las políticas de ciencia y tecnología, con referencia al campo de las ciencias sociales, examina la base fundante del orden estratégico que guía la producción y circulación cognitiva en América Latina. Precisamente, la disposición expositiva del artículo versa en torno de sus principales categorías epistemológicas: el principio cartesiano de las dos culturas, el eurocentrismo cognoscitivo hegemónico, la apropiación de saberes de la periferia y la extinción de la función-autor en tiempos de la globalización.: (...) This essay on the epistemology of science and technology policies, with reference to the field of social sciences, examines the foundational basis of the strategic order that guides the production and cognitive circulation in Latin America. Precisely, the expository disposition of the article deals with its main epistemological categories: the Cartesian principle of the two cultures, the hegemonic cognitive eurocentrism, the appropriation of knowledge of the periphery and the extinction of the author-function in times of globalization. (shrink)

Resumen: El trabajo presenta algunas proposiciones iniciales sobre el desarrollo de la universidad peruana. La investigación se divide en cuatro partes. La primera sección, estudia las tendencias históricas esenciales que definen la universidad actual. La segunda, describe la influencia de los cambios tecnológicos en la educación universitaria. La tercera, muestra las relaciones divergentes entre heterogeneidad de saberes y la educación superior principalmente monocultural. La cuarta parte, discute las posibilidades de desarrollo de la universidad.: The paper presents some initial proposals on (...) the development of the university in Peru. The research is divided into four sections. The first one studies the essential historical trends that define the current university. The second, describes the influence of technology and its changes upon college education. The third shows the divergent relations between heterogeneity of knowledge and higher education, mainly monocultural. Finally, the fourth section discusses the possibilities of development in the university. (shrink)

This article aims at giving an account of the emergence of new epistemological proposals of social sciences in Latin America. Particularly, it reflects the progress of the prospect of complexity in social research in our continent. It also discusses the nature of the social knowledge that has been b..

Drawing from extensions of existing ideas in the logic of ground, a novel account of the grounds of necessity is presented, the core of which states that necessary truths are necessary because they stand in specific grounding connections.

We examine the unique nature of agency problems within publicly traded family firms by investigating the earnings management decision of dominant family owners relative to non-family. To do so, we draw upon literature demonstrating that family owners are loss averse with respect to the family’s socioemotional wealth, or the affective endowment derived from firm ownership and control. Our theory and findings suggest that potential reputational consequences of earnings management lead family principals to engage in less of this practice relative to (...) non-family firms, and that founder family firms are less likely than non-founder family firms to use earnings management. Moreover, the family-firm effect varies with the firm size, the degree of CEO entrenchment, and the firm’s stock structure. We provide important insights regarding differences between family and non-family principals in the use of unethical accounting practices, thereby extending agency theory and advancing an underdeveloped research area. (shrink)

The study explores communication strategies of ethno-nationalist terrorists with respect to their framing and identity building. Strategies of eight ethno-nationalist terrorist groups were analyzed using 70 articles published on the groups’ websites. Three cluster-analytic procedures and a correlational analysis were applied to strategies of problem definition, cause and responsibility attribution, treatment recommendations, and identity building. The analysis revealed various dimensions on which terrorists frame their content. No group-specific strategies of framing and identity building have been found yet, suggesting that the (...) strategies were universal across terrorist groups, and they were applied on a case-by-case basis. Knowledge about these strategies should advance counter-terrorism efforts, and assist in development of alternative identities among ethnic groups at risk of conflict. (shrink)

In the third chapter of his major work, the Controversy over the Existence of the World, Roman Ingarden discusses four varieties of dependence entities might exhibit. The aim of this essay is to explore these varieties and to put the claims Ingarden makes concerning them on a rigorous footing.

We draw on the behavioral agency model to explore the ethical consequences of CEO equity incentives. We argue that CEOs are more concerned with funding pension plans when they have more to gain from their stock options yet will increasingly underfund employee pension funds as their current option wealth increases. Our findings reveal that both effects hold when the CEO has greater power (also occupying board chair) over firm decision making. Our study suggests that there is an ethical dimension to (...) equity incentives, given they are intended to align CEO interests with shareholders, yet potentially incentivize CEO behaviors with adverse consequences for employees. Insights from our findings provide boards and regulators with behavioral levers to protect employee well-being in the context of pension funding. (shrink)

European Journal of Philosophy, EarlyView.

Physiological responses in futsal have not been studied together with temporal information about the players’ stay on the court. The aim of this study was to compare heart rate and blood lactate concentration responses between 1-H and 2-H considering the time of permanency of the players on the court at each substitution in a futsal match. HR was recorded during entire match and [La−] was analyzed after each substitution of seven players. %HRmean and [La−] mean did not differ between 1-H (...) and 2-H. Time in intensity zones of 50–100 %HRmax differed only in 60–70 %HRmax. HR coefficient of variation throughout the match was low and among the four outfield players on the court. Substitutions, time of permanence on the court, ratio between time in- and out-ratio on the court also were similar between 1-H and 2-H. Balancing the number of substitutions, and the In:Outcourt ratio of players in both halves of the match, playing lower time at 1-H, ~8 min for each participation in the match, made it possible to maintain intensity of the match in 2-H similar to the 1H. These results are a good guidance to coaches and for application in future studies. (shrink)

This paper is a response to McKenzie (2017). I argue that the case she presents is not a genuine counterexample to the thesis she labels Brute Fundamentalism. My response consists of two main points. First, that the support she presents for considering her case a metaphysical explanation is misguided. Second, that there are principled reasons for doubting that partial explanations in Hempel’s sense, of which her case is an instance, are genuinely explanatory in the first place. Thus McKenzie’s attack on (...) Brute Fundamentalism fails. (shrink)

The upbringing of infants in native communities is the concern of authorities and researchers for being a vulnerable population segment. The purpose of the study was to analyze child rearing styles of an Amuesha community in the Peruvian jungle. The phenomenological design allowed interviewing amuesha mothers from Oxapampa in Pasco, until reaching saturation. It was found as results that child rearing practices conform to sociocultural patterns, such as identity and communal heritage culture, which are in extinction due to the presence (...) of exotic factors; in addition to a demand to the State for better education and health services. (shrink)

Este artículo propone una relectura contemporánea de los textos de La Religión dentro de los límites de la mera razón en los cuales Kant esboza la idea de una comunidad ética universal. Esta idea kantiana se puede parangonar con las ideas de otros pensadores de la ilustración, que anticiparon la emergencia de nuevos sujetos sociales cosmopolitas diferentes del sujeto político encuadrado en las estructuras formales del Estado moderno, los cuales no se plantean fines directamente políticos, pero en cuanto tienen presencia (...) en el espacio público, adquieren también una relevancia política significativa. La comunidad ética, sin la cual no podríamos ser personas morales, es para Kant algo ya existente, como comunidades informales, particulares, fragmentadas, e independientes del sistema de las instituciones jurídico-políticas. Se trata de hacer reflexivos los fines morales de estas comunidades para que puedan abrirse a la unidad de todo el género humano. La significación de esta idea kantiana se redescubre y se puede valorar más adecuadamente recién hoy, en el contexto de los debates actuales de la filosofía política, a partir del descentramiento del Estado y del retorno de la sociedad civil, o de la recuperación de su autonomía, y de las redes de integración que significan formas de globalización alternativas. (shrink)

Is the macro grounded in the micro? That is, is every truth about a macroscopic object fully grounded in a truth wholly about its microscopic parts? In a recent interesting paper, Martin Glazier argued for a negative answer. Following him, call the position that the macro is grounded in the micro ‘priority micro pluralism’ (‘pluralism’ for short). In this discussion note, I propose a way out for the pluralist. In brief, it consists in the recognition that some metaphysical positions, including (...) pluralism, are best expressed by fundamentally de dicto grounding claims. In that these claims have a distinctive modal force, this recognition has far-reaching consequences that go beyond a defence of pluralism. (shrink)

Firstly we consider the new results about enzymatic capabilities in the RNA. In this framework we analyse the sequence-folding duality as a precursor of the genotype/phenotype duality. We discuss then which are the evolutive potentialities and limitations for a system with the absence and the presence of a nucleic acid to proteins translator code. We study the arise of the code in the living systems as a form of deep interlooking between the logic of the machinery and its hardware, discussing (...) some problems that abstract modelization of this process implies. Finaly we propose to redefine the informational vocabulary usually employed in Molecular Biology. (shrink)

We study the appearance of genetic information starting from a system where self-reproductive and enzymatic functions are supported by the same sort of molecules. In a first phase, the information must have arisen in the form of rate independent sequences as records of enzymatic functions. Although this stage must have played an important role in evolution, it will be shown how its evolutive capacities were blocked by the impossibility of appearance of geno/phenotype duality. Finally, a logical scheme is proposed for (...) a transition process toward a system with a code offering a simplification of the conditions required from the assumption of a maximum use of the double RNA capacity, both reproductive and enzymatic. (shrink)

The current study analyzed the relationship between Coronavirus Awareness, mental health, and willingness to seek professional psychological help. This was made through a quantitative approach, using online questionnaires to collect data from 855 subjects. The questionnaires included the Brief Symptom Inventory to measure mental health indicators, the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale–Short Form, and the Coronavirus Awareness Scale-10. An Exploratory Factor Analysis suggests that three factors underlie the CAS-10: Coronavirus Concern, Exaggerated Perception, and Immunity Perception. Results indicate a (...) significant positive correlation between Coronavirus Concern and both general anxiety and phobic anxiety symptoms. Immunity Perception is positively related to paranoid ideation and psychotic symptoms. A Mediation Analysis determined that Coronavirus Concern has a significant positive direct effect on Openness to Seeking Psychological Treatment, while Exaggerated Perception and Immunity Perception scores have significant direct negative effects on the Value and Need in Seeking Treatment scores. Indirectly, the relationship between Coronavirus Concern and OPST is significantly mediated by anxiety symptoms. Similar results were found for the VNST subscale. There is a negative significant effect of Immunity Perception over OSPT mediated by Paranoid Ideation. However, the overall model only achieved small r2 coefficients for the OSPT and VNST scores. Comparisons in Coronavirus Awareness between sex, age, and the presence of children and older adults at home were also made. These results are discussed regarding their practical implications for mental health providers and policymakers. (shrink)

En este segundo documento nos ocupamos del aborto realizado por motivos terapéuticos o, dicho más brevemente, del aborto terapéutico. En la Argentina, el aborto plantea serios desafíos para la salud pública, ya que, pese a estar prohibido, se practica de forma clandestina y, muchas veces, insegura, poniendo en riesgo la vida y la salud de las mujeres. Por esta razón, creemos que la sociedad y el Estado deben debatir este problema y encontrar soluciones que resguarden los derechos de las mujeres. (...) El artículo 86, inciso 1, del Código Penal argentino expresamente despenaliza el aborto cuando corre peligro la vida o la salud de la mujer. En estos casos, se habla de aborto terapéutico. Esta disposición legal no suele aplicarse ni por los médicos ni por los profesionales que trabajan en la justicia, ya sea por desconocimiento o por razones ideológicas. Más aún, en muchos casos, las interpretaciones del Código Penal se apartan de su letra y restringen arbitrariamente su aplicación. Por estas razones, nos parece importante analizar este problema y proveer información sobre los aspectos legales y éticos involucrados en el aborto terapéutico en la Argentina. Este documento comienza con el relato de un caso hipotético, elaborado a partir de experiencias reales, con el objetivo de acercar al público a una situación concreta. Intercaladas en el cuerpo del relato, se desarrollan algunas reflexiones acerca de las implicaciones médicas, éticas y legales del caso. A continuación, se presenta un apartado referido al marco legal en el que se deben encuadrar los casos de aborto no punible. El documento sigue con una serie de breves recomendaciones destinadas tanto a los profesionales que trabajan en el sistema judicial como a los profesionales de la salud. Por último, se incluye un apéndice que contiene los principios que rigen la interpretación en materia penal y el glosario médico y legal, donde se pueden buscar las palabras resaltadas a lo largo del documento. (shrink)

Decir que no es el primer paso de la conquista de nuestra libertad. Puede considerarse también que es el paso decisivo, y el más difícil. Se habla en este caso de libertad negativa. Esta ha sido considerada a veces como una forma menor, o equivocada de la libertad. Pero en el contexto del actual desencanto frente a la libertad positiva de las democracias existentes, se ha revalorizado la libertad negativa de los derechos individuales. Y frente al discurso hegemónico de la (...) cultura afirmativa, que ya había denunciado H. Marcusse con gran penetración, me parece oportuno reivindicar el concepto de la negatividad dialéctica de la libertad. Es propósito de este artículo aclarar ante todo el concepto de la libertad negativa, porque dicha expresión se ha empleado por lo menos en dos sentidos bien diferentes en la historia del pensamiento. El desarrollo de la exposición recorre los puntos siguientes: 1) el concepto político de la libertad negativa del liberalismo, 2) el concepto filosófico de la libertad negativa en Hegel y, 3) finalmente se esbozan algunas proyecciones de estos conceptos para la filosofía política y la teoría de la revolución. (shrink)

Segundo o autor do artigo, a teoria do juízo reflexivo que se encontra na primeira parte da Crítica do Juízo de Kant dedicada ao gosto estético representa uma busca do sentido do dado na experiência. Este sentido não pode ser posto, antes tem de ser descoberto, pois a experiência do belo, a criação estética da arte, não podem ser compreendidos mediante preconceitos que já possuímos. Este tipo de juízo é o que se requer também segundo Arendt diante dos acontecimentos e (...) situações sempre novas da vida política e da história. As condições da comunicabilidade universal do juízo reflexivo são os apelos ao sentido comum humano e a amplitude de pensamento necessária para assumir o ponto de vista dos outros. O artigo mostra também serem estas as condições que, segundo Arendt, se requerem para uma autêntica compreensão política. (shrink)

En este artículo se confronta la teoría clásica de la modernidad sobre el sujeto de la política con las experiencias y las interpretaciones de la Filosofía contemporánea, haciendo jugar un nuevo concepto de ciudadanía. La filosofía política contemporánea abandona las expresiones sustantivas que evocaban la representación de un macrosujeto unitario de lo político. En lugar de las categorías que representaban un sujeto colectivo homogéneo en gran formato, se presta atención ahora a otro tipo de categorías más abiertas, dinámicas, múltiples y (...) fluidas, que se despliegan en la sociedad civil, o mejor dicho, que despliegan los espacios públicos (en plural) constitutivos del mundo de la vida social. Se estudia finalmente la redefinición de las dicotomías modernas de lo público y lo privado, así como de la sociedad civil y del Estado. In this article the classical theory of modernity on the subject of politics is confronted with the experiences and interpretations of contemporary Philosophy, playing with a new concept of citizenship. Contemporary political Philosophy abandons substancial expressions suggestive of the representation of a unified macrosubject of the political. Instead of the categories which represented a homogenoeous, colective subject in huge format, attention is now paid to another type of opener, more dynamic, multiple and fluent categories, which open themselves up in civil society, or rather, which spread out the public spaces that constitute the social Lebesnswelt. Finally, a redefinition of the modern dichotomies of the public and the private is dealt with, as well as of civil society and of the State. (shrink)

The essential role of memory in the constitution of identity is shown first . Then, the article moves on to the critical analysis of uses of memory and of its relation with written history , to introduce the issue of collective memory policies and go through modern State identity policies . In its central part the article refers to the fact that at the beginning of the 21st century we experiment that memory and forgetfulness/oblivion policies do no longer work in (...) respect of the new wounds that live memory drags forth from the 20th century, and reconciliation by means of that kind of elaborations is not possible . The serious issue of live memory is no longer bound to the historiography of the founding deeds of the state-nation in the remote past, but is bound instead to other tragic events of the recent history of the society in which we live . In postmodern societies we witness a redefinition of traditional identity policies and a formation of new post-national identities bound to the tragic memory of genocides and to the moral and political commitment of "nevermore" .En primer término se muestra fenomenológicamente el papel esencial de la memoria en la constitución de la identidad . Se avanza luego el análisis crítico de los usos de la memoria y de su relación con la historia escrita , para introducir en el tema de las políticas de la memoria colectiva , y revisar las políticas de identidad del Estado moderno . El artículo se refiere en su parte central al hecho de que en los comienzos del Siglo XXI experimentamos que las políticas de la memoria y del olvido del Siglo XIX ya no funcionan con respecto a las nuevas heridas que la memoria viva arrastra del Siglo XX, y la reconciliación mediante aquel tipo de elaboraciones no es posible . La cuestión seria de la memoria viva no está ligada ya a la historiografía de los acontecimientos fundacionales del estado nación en el pasado remoto, sino que está ligada a otros acontecimientos trágicos de la historia reciente de la sociedad en que vivimos . En las sociedades posmodernas se asiste a una redefinición de las identidades políticas tradicionales y a la formación de nuevas identidades posnacionales ligadas a la memoria trágica de los genocidios y al compromiso moral y político del "nunca más". (shrink)

The beginning of Philosophy of Right with the concept of "Right" and "morality" presents the appearance of a form of treatment typical of the methodological individualism of natural right theories. Nevertheless, Hegel makes it clear that the expository plan does not reflect the genetic, temporal or ontological structure of the issue. This article will thus try to give an answer to the question about the criteria to which this problematic structure of the work plan responds. The thesis sustained by the (...) author is that the first two parts of the work have to be read mainly as a critical-negative exposition of the current theories, and only the third part about the institutions of Sittlichkeit provides a positive exposition of Hegel's thought. The treatment of Right and morality is not merely negative either, but takes up again and at the same time conforms to Kant's and Natural Rights fundamental principles, as necessary conditions for the comprehension of the institutions of modern society and modern State.El comienzo de la Filosofía del Derecho con el concepto de "Derecho abstracto" y la "moralidad" presenta la apariencia de una forma de tratamiento típica del individualismo metodológico de las teorías jusnaturalistas. Hegel aclara sin embargo que el plan de la exposición no refleja ni el orden genético, o temporal, ni la estructura ontológica de la cosa. La pregunta que tratará de responder este artículo es, entonces, a qué criterios responde esta problemática estructura del plan de la obra. La tesis que sostiene el autor es que las dos primeras partes de la obra se tienen que leer principalmente como una exposición crítico-negativo de las teorías vigentes, y que recién la tercera parte sobre las instituciones de la eticidad expone positivamente el pensamiento de Hegel. Pero el tratamiento del derecho y la moralidad no es tampoco meramente negativo, sino que retoma y hace suyos al mismo tiempo principios fundamentales del jusnaturalismo y de Kant, como condiciones necesarias para comprensión de las instituciones de la sociedad y del Estado modernos. (shrink)

El artículo parte de la crítica de H. Arendt a la posición de la filosofía frente a la política desde Platón hasta Marx y Heidegger. Esta fuerte crítica de la tradición filosófica, especialmente de su relación con la política, no es simplemente una crítica de la filosofía política, sino de la filosofía sin más, pero centrada en esta relación, o falta de relación con la política, y en la contribución de la filosofía al oscurecimiento y el olvido del sentido de (...) lo político en la historia moderna y contemporánea. Se trata de un ejercicio de crítica interna de la filosofía y de la política como paso para el redescubrimiento del sentido originario de la polis en la Grecia antigua, y para la reconstrucción actual del sentido de lo político. The starting point of this paper is H. Arendt criticism of philosophical tradition in front of politics from Plato to Marx and Heidegger. This strong criticism of philosophical tradition is not simply a criticism of political philosophy, but of philosophy itself centered in its relationship, or lack of relationship, to politics, and in the contribution of philosophy to the darkening and oblivion of the meaning of politics in modern and contemporary history. It is an exercise of internal criticism of philosophy and politics as a step to the rediscovery of the original meaning of the polis in ancient Greece, and for the current reconstruction of the meaning of politics. (shrink)

This article raises the issue of the foundation of ethics in the situation of the pluralism of modern and contemporary society. Then , two types of answers to these problems are analyzed: comunitarism as the identitary ethics of an 'ourselves', and contractualism as the ethics of the partners' interests, which present themselves as rival theories in opposition to the universalism of kantian morality. It is however shown , how Kant himself had already worked at different levels of human integration with (...) both models: that of social contract and that of ethical community, and had articulated them in his system. The universal principle of morality , on the other hand, places itself at the meta-level of the profound grammar of the ethos of communities and contracts . Finally, it is observed that Kant´s fundamental ethical texts have not explicitly dealt with the hermeneutical problem of moral judgment in contexts of action. However, some passages of the Grundlegung are analyzed, as well as the Second Part of the Critique of Practical Reason, in which we find precise indications on this issue. It is maintained, that the observed lack of treatment may be bridged by means of widening the scope of the doctrine of reflexive judgment of aesthetic taste of the Third Critique's first part, which appears relevant, not for the foundation of the principle of morality, but for its application, i.e., for moral life.Este artículo plantea el problema de la fundamentación de la ética en la situación del pluralismo de la sociedad moderna y contemporánea. Se analizan luego dos tipos de respuesta a este problema: el comunitarismo como la ética identitaria de un nosotros, y el contractualismo como la ética de los intereses de los socios, los cuales se presentan como teorías rivales frente al universalismo de la moralidad kantiana. Se muestra sin embargo cómo el propio Kant había trabajado ya en distintos planos de la integración humana con los dos modelos del contrato social y de la comunidad ética, y los había articulado en su sistema. El principio universal de la moralidad se ubica en cambio en el meta-nivel de la gramática profunda del ethos de las comunidades y de los contratos . Se observa finalmente que los textos éticos fundamentales de Kant no han tratado de manera explícita el problema hermenéutico del juicio moral en los contextos de acción. Se analizan no obstante algunos pasajes de la Grundlegung y la Segunda Parte de la Crítica de la Razón Práctica, en los que hay indicaciones precisas sobre este problema. Se sostiene que la observada laguna se puede sortear mediante la ampliación de los alcances de la doctrina del juicio reflexivo del gusto estético de la primera parte de la Tercera Crítica, la cual parece relevante, no para la fundación del principio de la moralidad, pero sí para su aplicación, es decir: para la vida moral. (shrink)

El manifiesto predominio del punto de vista puramente semántico que ha caracterizado al paradigma antiguo de la filosofía del lenguaje, por lo menos desde Aristóteles hasta la Filosofía analítica contemporánea, ha radicado la cuestión de la verdad en la función enunciativa o representativa de las proposiciones, produciendo un completo oscurecimiento del problema de la constitución misma de los significados intersubjetivos y de la tematización de la verdad o de las pretensiones de validez, que solamente son posibles en lacomunicación y el (...) discurso argumentativo. Aquí se expone la crítica de aquel paradigma y se reconstruye el sentido de la verdad como una pretensión de validez que se realiza en el diálogo. (shrink)

En Wittgenstein encontramos una intuición muy profunda y una valoración muy elevada del ethos como lo más importante para la vida. Pero este autor quiere preservar el ethos puro, separado tanto de la pretendida existencia de un mundo ético objetivo, como del discurso moral. En este artículo se consideran las expresiones de Wittgenstein sobre la ética como ejemplo paradigmático de la ética del bien en cuanto diferente de la moral, de sus temas y características fundamentales, así como de los límites (...) del discurso filosófico con respecto a estas cuestiones profundas del sentido último de la vida, del bien y de la felicidad. (shrink)

Cet article traite de christianisme ancien, de littérature apocalyptique et de gnose, trois champs de recherche liés à ma recherche doctorale, dans le but de discuter de leur réception dans l’espace public contemporain. Les différents exemples donnés dans ce texte montrent bien que cet espace public contemporain est toujours friand de sujets religieux, en particulier dans les domaines cités. Il est vrai que cet intérêt a été moussé par des ouvrages de fiction et des livres qui utilisent le christianisme comme (...) arrière-plan, mais sans être au courant des recherches actuelles. Le rôle du chercheur en sciences des religions apparaît donc crucial et reste au centre de l’ensemble des considérations réunies ici. (shrink)

O ‘rito de ofício’ a ser aplicado pelos julgadores possui propriedades eficazes para prevenir soluções alheias à realidade dos casos apresentados nos tribunais, afastando eventuais derrames imaginativos aos quais todos estamos sujeitos. Some-se a isso que a virtude da temperança é vertiginosamente deixada de lado e sem ela a Justiça não se realizará jamais. Estes alertas apontam para o cuidado que se deve ter durante a análise dos casos, banindo as vertentes de significações alienadas que corrompem a convicção do interpretante. (...) A ideia da condição polissêmica remete à perda do espeque do signo, o que provoca a abertura de acepções díspares e fundamentadas em fatores repertoriais particulares, e que pode destoar do fato concreto. A base semiótica legada por Peirce e a herança de Fichte para o Direito, abordada segundo o respectivo sistema de seu idealismo, auxiliarão na investigação de um contexto coeso para este estudo. Assim, imprescindível a compreensão de que as interpretações, quando ocorrem com os ecos polissêmicos em relação aos objetos de processos judiciais, representam um equívoco deteriorante no exercício judicativo, o que se deve evitar. (shrink)

O objetivo do artigo é entender as narrativas nas cartas de alforria, como dinâmicas de produção de sentidos intergeracionais de pessoas em situações de discriminações étnicas. Questionamos os temas nas cartas de alforria que marcam narrativas de discriminação étnica nas ações e atividades atuais. O método de pesquisa foi uma busca documental nos cartórios da cidade por cartas de alforria e inventários de família com declarações de posse de uma pessoa sobre a outra, de 1872 a 1888. Um outro método (...) se constitui na escolha de 3 homens da mesma família no corte do corpus de narrativas de doze homens, de três gerações, da cidade de Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia. Foram realizadas quarenta e oito horas de gravações de áudio e vídeo em entrevistas de história de vida e episódica. Na análise de conteúdo temática da narrativa das cartas de alforria foram encontradas reverberações dos mesmos temas de discriminação, racismo e preconceito étnico nas narrativas dos participantes. Foi escolhida a narrativa de P32 por apresentar vários significados que discriminam as populações negras no interior da comunidade do Quilombo Alto do Morro, como o “trabalho doméstico”; “a minha cor assim”. O foco da narrativa enfatiza o impacto da educação, como prática cultural em detrimento aos processos discriminatórios aos “de minha cor assim”. Conclui-se que a quantidade de leis contra o racismo sinaliza questões intergeracionais importantes, em como a reverberações dos significados, a dinâmica de produção de sentidos intergeracional de negros alforriados paralisa algumas pessoas, seus ancestrais e descendentes. Ao mesmo tempo constituíram-se significados de negações, de esquecimentos dos episódios de pessoas de uma mesma família do tratamento como inferior, com todos os processos cognitivos possíveis. (shrink)

Humility is increasingly recognized as an essential attribute for individuals at top management levels to build successful organizations. However, research on CEO humility has focused on how humble chief executive officers (CEOs) shape collective perceptions through their interactions and behaviors with other organizational members while overlooking CEOs’ critical role in making strategic decisions. We address this unexplored aspect of CEO humility by proposing that humble CEOs influence decision-making decentralization at the top management team (TMT) and subsequently promote an organizational ethical (...) culture. Using a sample of CEOs and TMT members from 120 small- and medium-sized enterprises, we find strong support for our hypotheses. We discuss important implications for research on CEO humility and strategic leadership. (shrink)