This paper focuses on the fact that AI is predominantly portrayed as white—in colour, ethnicity, or both. We first illustrate the prevalent Whiteness of real and imagined intelligent machines in four categories: humanoid robots, chatbots and virtual assistants, stock images of AI, and portrayals of AI in film and television. We then offer three interpretations of the Whiteness of AI, drawing on critical race theory, particularly the idea of the White racial frame. First, we examine the extent to which this (...) Whiteness might simply reflect the predominantly White milieus from which these artefacts arise. Second, we argue that to imagine machines that are intelligent, professional, or powerful is to imagine White machines because the White racial frame ascribes these attributes predominantly to White people. Third, we argue that AI racialised as White allows for a full erasure of people of colour from the White utopian imaginary. Finally, we examine potential consequences of the racialisation of AI, arguing it could exacerbate bias and misdirect concern. (shrink)

This interdisciplinary study takes a real-life look at evil deeds and evil nature, from the Global Financial Crisis to the Rwanda Genocide and beyond. The authors share their personal and poignant views on evil.

The philosophical investigation of consciousness has a long-standing history in both Indian and Western thought. The conceptual models and analyses that have emerged in one cultural framework may be profitably reviewed in the light of another. In this context, a study of the notion of consciousness in the transcendental phenomenology of Edmund Husserl is not only important as a focus on a remarkable achievement in the context of Western thought, but is also useful for an appreciation of the concern with (...) this question in the Indian philosophical tradition, and especially in the tradition of Advaita Vedānta of Ādi Śamkara. The starting point for this paper is the belief that phenomenology has a recognizably common face for both these traditions. This paper investigates the possibility of a parallel notion of consciousness in the transcendental phenomenology of Husserl and the Advaita Vedānta of Śamkara, with particular emphasis on Husserl’s ‘Transcendental I’ and Śamkara’s ‘Witness Consciousness’ (Sākshi Caitanya). In the process, it explores the phenomenological relevance of the concept of consciousness in Indian philosophy, with special reference to the concept of pure consciousness as one of the essential criteria for any sound theory of knowledge. It more importantly highlights the Advaitic understanding of pure consciousness as one of the major contributions to the field of comparative philosophy that forms a vantage point for cross-cultural comparison. While pointing to significant differences in their respective approaches to understanding the nature of consciousness, the exploration finally unveils the common thesis for both Śamkara and Husserl that ‘pure consciousness’ is essentially foundational, evidencing and absolute for any epistemic act. (shrink)

A brief history of affective responses to AI.

This commentary is a response to ‘More than Skin Deep’ by Shelley M. Park, and a development of our own 2020 paper ‘The Whiteness of AI’. We aim to explain how representations of AI can be varied in one sense, whilst not being diverse. We argue that Whiteness’s claim to universal humanity permits a broad range of roles to White humans and White-presenting machines, whilst assigning a much narrower range of stereotypical roles to people of colour. Because the attributes of (...) AI in the popular imagination, such as intelligence, power and passing as human, are associated by the White racial frame with Whiteness, AI is cast predominantly as White. Following Sparrow, we suggest this presents a dilemma for those creating or representing AI. We discuss three possible solutions: avoiding anthropomorphisation, explicitly critiquing racial role-typing, and representing powerful AI as non-White. (shrink)

Treatise on the fundamentals of Sankhya philosophy with commentary.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...) in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

Yashastilaka by Somadeva, composed in ce 959, is a Jaina religious romance written in Sanskrit prose and verse. It is notable as an encyclopaedic record of literary, socio-political, religious and philosophical data that throws light on the cultural history of the Deccan in early medieval India. This volume presents a critical study of the work, providing a comprehensive picture of the life and thought of the time of Somadeva. It begins with a discussion on Somadeva and his age and gives (...) a synopsis of Yashastilaka. it examines the Yashastilaka as a prose and a religious romance, a socio-political record and as an anthology of Sanskrit verse. The book discusses various philosophical doctrines in Indian thought. With many detailed references and footnotes, it reveals the Yashastilaka as a work that expounds the cardinal teachings of Jainism. It throws light on Jaina dogmatics, religious poetry, moral and religious stories, and myths and legends in the process of examining the work. The volume also has supplementary notes incorporating the results of studies on Somadeva's relations with the Vemulavada Calukyas and the locality in which he wrote his masterpiece. (shrink)

This essay examines the scratch as it relates to garbage, scores, and the event. Garbage is that which is cast aside as social systems form themselves, and, as such, is always destined to return. Scores are both methodological maps and experimental artistic methods. And the event, in this context, is the opening that enables both the determination of form and the emergence of the unexpected.

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama Kanto nužymėtos ir Deleuze’o eksperimentiniame mąstyme rekonstruotos vaizduotės kaip vieno iš trijų proto gebėjimų raiškos lauko alternatyvos. Siekiama atsakyti į paties Deleuze’o išsikeltą kantišką klausimą: kokia yra giliausia paslaptis? Aptinkamos kelios atsakymo alternatyvos. Šiame tyrime paaiškėjo, kad Deleuze’o atsakymai į paties išsikeltą klausimą „kokia yra giliausia vaizduotės paslaptis?“ patiria metamorfozes, kurios apsuka ratą. Nuo pradinės pozicijos, kai vaizduotė veikia tik paklusdama intelektui ar protui, ji juda link laisvo trijų nepriklausomų sugebėjimų – intelekto, proto, vaizduotės atitikimo, paskui – link (...) jų nedarnios dermės, jų kovos, kuri skatina kiekvienos naują atsiskleidimą, galiausiai – prie vaizduotės anihiliacijos, kuri leidžia užgimti naujai minčiai, taigi, ratas apsisuka ir grįžtama prie jų dermės naujame lygmenyje, moderuojant filosofiniam skoniui. Tačiau visas šias metaformorfozes jungia viena bendra Kanto suformuluota prielaida: vaizduotė niekada neišvengia triadinės priklausomybės, ji neveikia viena; ji galima tik santykyje su intelektu ir protu, t. y. kitais trimis jai paraleliais ir simultaniškais sugebėjimais. (shrink)

Artykuł stara się podać argumenty za hipotezą, że pijar litewski ks. Kazimierz Narbutt był filozofem, który miał zaszczyt jako pierwszy na wschodzie, a być może w całej Europie, krytykować przedkrytyczne poglądy Immanuela Kanta. W 1765 roku, w swoim wykładzie filozofii w Kolegium Pijarów w Dąbrowicy Narbut krytykuje pojęcie substancji zaproponowane przez „metafizyka Cantziusa”. Osobą wskazaną jako „Cantzius” mógł być albo Immanuel Kant, albo teolog Gottlieb Izrael Canz. W artykule zostały podane dwa argumenty dotyczące stanowiska Steponasa Tunaitisa: osobą, która została (...) określona przez Narbuta, nie mógł być Canz, ponieważ wyrażany przez niego pogląd był reprezentatywny dla teologii Wolffiańskiej. To stanowisko filozoficzne było zbliżone do samego Narbuta, jego koncepcja istoty substancji jest taka sama, jak szkoły Wolffa. Canz nie mógł dostarczyć pojęcia substancji, które byłoby sprzeczne z poglądem szkoły Wolffa. Drugi argument, odnosi się do głównej tezy Kanta zawartej w jego pracy z 1755 pt. Principiorum primorum cognitionis metaphysicae nova dilucidato można przypisać „metafizykowi Cantziusowi” jeśli chodzi o istotę, atrybuty i cele Boga, które zostały zakwestionowane przez Narbuta. To jednocześnie pozwala nam uznać, że Narbut zapoznał się bezpośrednio lub pośrednio z wyżej wymienionym dziełem Kanta. Osoba, o której mowa w tekście Narbuta, to nikt oprócz Kanta, który zajmował się w tym czasie zagadnieniami metafizycznymi. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the S. Gogotskomu, outstanding Ukrainian philosopher. Proceedings Gogotskogo played a crucial role in spreading the philosophy of I. Kant in Ukraine.

Author: Kupś Tomasz Title: IMMANUEL KANT’S EXPLANATION OF THE TEXT OF THE BIBLE (Immanuela Kanta wykładnia tekstu Biblii) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2006, vol:.6, number: 2006/1, pages: 59-70 Keywords: KANT, BIBLE, SCRIPTURE, HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail: www:The article consists of two parts. The first is the historical reconstruction of the fortunes of Kant’s private copy of the Scripture. The book was lost during the Second World War and (...) the information about Kant’s notes made on its margins come only from commentators’ studies. The second part contains a short comparison of the main assumptions and rules of moral interpretation of the Scripture’s text. The rules can be traced in two works of Kant: Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone and The Conflicts of the Faculties. (shrink)

The author rejects the opinion that Kant’s views on mathematics lend in any interesting sense support to constructivism, understood as the thesis that the truth conditions of mathematical propositions consist in the existence of their constructive proofs or in the possibility of proving them constructively. Kant’s insistence on the role of intuitive construction in mathematics is here interpreted as a thesis concerning mathematical concepts, not mathematical objects, and therefore not in any sense implying that the objects of mathematical cognition cannot (...) be interpreted classically. (shrink)

Książka, pierwsza z nowej serii „Estetyka. Pomiędzy tradycją a współczesnością”, powstała we współpracy dwu środowisk estetycznych: z Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu i z Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Estetycy toruńscy i warszawscy konfrontują swoje spojrzenia we wspólnym celu, jakim jest wskazanie na aktualność myśli Kanta zarówno w kontekście historycznym, jak i problemowym. Tytułową „aktualność” należy rozumieć przede wszystkim jako to, co jest czynne, co realizuje się w konkretnej postaci. Zebrane w książce rozprawy dzielą się na trzy podstawowe grupy: studia poświęcone aktualności (...) estetyki Kanta w myśli nowożytnej, analizy współczesnych aktualizacji wybranych pojęć z "Krytyki władzy sądzenia" oraz propozycje uaktualnień niektórych z Kantowskich odkryć w kontekście filozoficznej oraz artystycznej ponowoczesności. (shrink)