Objectives To understand the ethical principles guiding college students’ abstention from pharmacological cognitive enhancement, and to determine the correlates associated with endorsing different principles. Design One-stage cluster sampling was used to implement a paper-based survey among undergraduate students attending one university in the U.S. Thematic analysis was used to explore the ethical principles guiding PCE abstention. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine sociodemographic correlates associated with endorsed ethical principles. Participants Of the 499 eligible students who completed the survey, (...) 259 students had a negative attitude towards PCE, did not engage in PCE, and provided reasons for abstention. Results The thematic analysis resulted in the identification of eight themes, with respondents often endorsing more than one theme per response. The three themes most endorsed were non-malfeasance, disapproval of drugs and dosage beneficence. The sociodemographic correlates associated with endorsing each theme varied across themes. Conclusions Students abstain from PCE for a multitude of reasons, many of which are guided by ethical principles. These findings may be incorporated into future prevention programming messages. (shrink)

ObjectivesTo understand the ethical principles guiding college students’ abstention from pharmacological cognitive enhancement, and to determine the correlates associated with endorsing different principles.DesignOne-stage cluster sampling was used to implement a paper-based survey among undergraduate students attending one university in the U.S. Thematic analysis was used to explore the ethical principles guiding PCE abstention. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine sociodemographic correlates associated with endorsed ethical principles.ParticipantsOf the 499 eligible students who completed the survey, 259 students had a negative (...) attitude towards PCE, did not engage in PCE, and provided reasons for abstention.ResultsThe thematic analysis resulted in the identification of eight themes, with respondents often endorsing more than one theme per response. The three themes most endorsed were non-malfeasance, disapproval of drugs and dosage beneficence. The sociodemographic correlates associated with endorsing each theme varied across themes.ConclusionsStudents abstain from PCE for a multitude of reasons, many of which are guided by ethical principles. These findings may be incorporated into future prevention programming messages. (shrink)

In this pioneering new book, Sandra Harding and Robert Figueroa bring together an important collection of original essays by leading philosophers exploring an extensive range of diversity issues for the philosophy of science and technology. The essays gathered in this volume extend current philosophical discussion of science and technology beyond the standard feminist and gender analyses that have flourished over the past two decades, by bringing a thorough and truly diverse set of cultural, racial, and ethical concerns to bear (...) on questioning in these areas. Science and Other Cultures charts important new directions in ongoing discussions of science and technology, and makes a significant contribution to both scholarly and teaching resources available in the field. (shrink)

Since children are considered incapable ofgiving informed consent to participate inresearch, regulations require that bothparental permission and the assent of thepotential child subject be obtained. Assent andpermission are uniquely bound together, eachserving a different purpose. Parentalpermission protects the child from assumingunreasonable risks. Assent demonstrates respectfor the child and his developing autonomy. Inorder to give meaningful assent, the child mustunderstand that procedures will be performed,voluntarily choose to undergo the procedures,and communicate this choice. Understanding theelements of informed consent has been theparadigm for (...) assessing capacity to give assent.This method leaves the youngest, leastcognitively mature children vulnerable towaiver of assent and forced researchparticipation. Voluntariness can also becompromised by the influence of authorityfigures who can exert undue influence andcoerce children to participate in research. This paper discusses factors that may influencethe decision to give assent/permission,potential parent-child conflict in theassent/permission process and how it isresolved, and potential parental undueinfluence on research participation. Theseissues are illustrated with quotations drawnfrom a larger qualitative study of parentalpermission and child assent (data notpresented). We suggest a developmentalapproach, viewing assent as a continuum rangingfrom mere affirmation in the youngest childrento the equivalent of the informed consentprocess in the mature adolescent. (shrink)

Recent decades have brought environmental justice studies to a much broader analysis and new areas of concern. We take this increased depth and breadth of environmental justice further by considering restorative justice, with a particular emphasis on reconciliation efforts between indigenous and non-indigenous citizens. Our focus is on the reconciliation efforts taken by the indigenous/non-indigenous jointmanagement structure of Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park. Usinga framework of restorative justice within a bivalent environmental justice approach, we consider the current management policies at the (...) Park, particularly as it pertains to the controversial climb of the rock, Uluṟu. Our exploration of restorative environmental justice depends upon narrative analysis of embodied ecotourism affects in order to determine the capacity and obstacles of reconciliation efforts in the current management policy. Interviews with tourists from the Greater Sydney Metropolitan Area supply us with cases that provide affective experiences and a postcolonial narrative analysis of touring practices that we argue are imbued with nationalism and colonial naturalism that must be transformed in order to meet the requests of the Park’s traditional indigenous owners. We argue that restorative justice, within a bivalent environmental justice framework that already emphasizes other distributive and recognition measures, is vital for overcoming these obstacles for Australian environmental heritage. (shrink)

This book explores how Puerto Rico’s affective archive of Caribbean relations, comprised of historical-political figures and communitarian, activist, and artistic work, has envisioned and embodied decolonization and sovereignty in relation to the archipelagic and the sea, thus furthering emancipatory and reparatory horizons.

This analysis of enslavement in an American South subregion provides an historical microcosm for understanding the complexities of provincial culture formation in the modern world-system. Simultaneously rooted in multiple points of local and world-systemic origin, peoplehood is an historical product of the capitalist world-system. Despite widespread notions to the contrary, low black population density and geographical isolation did not forestall slave community building on small plantations. Despite extreme repression, slaves dialectically preserved and altered hidden transcripts in order to recapture pasts (...) that had been silenced by the capitalist system. Embracing the collective diasporic memory of many disparate communities, small slave populations shared the collective grievance and the counter-hegemonic culture of all who had been forced to participate in international and domestic labor migrations. (shrink)

Cet article cherche à mettre en avant certains parcours s’ouvrant après Hegel à travers trois figures hégéliennes. L’essai se concentre sur un point de la Phénoménologie jugé équivoque par Kojève, ambigu par Hyppolite et porteur d’interrogations par Bourgeois, en voulant d’abord répondre à la question suivante : peut‑on parler d’un seul héritage de la pensée hégélienne ou faut‑il plutôt reconnaître qu’il y en a plusieurs? Les différentes lectures proposées par chaque interprète ouvrent à trois conceptions différentes du rapport entre le (...) concept et l’acte philosophique. Kojève, Hyppolite et Bourgeois indiqueront par là trois voies différentes du destin de l’histoire philosophique au-delà d’elle-même, en nous montrant trois possibles directions pour penser avec Hegel. (shrink)

Uno de los factores fundamentales para comprender la problemática de la paz es el de la memoria. Un presupuesto de este artículo es que dicha memoria se realiza en el lenguaje, especialmente en el lenguaje articulado, que es el medio por el que se hace púbica y se despliega, no sólo la expresión de un pasado, sino también las perspectivas que orientan nuestras argumentaciones para el presente y el futuro. Cuando hablo de lenguaje, propongo que de lo que se trata, (...) no son sólo de palabras, sino de sintagmas, es decir del habla desplegada en una época, y en contextos biográficos y comunidades interpretativas de cada uno y de cada comunidad. Dos factores a considerar en esta definición de nociones, categorías y conceptos son lo imaginario y la ideología, que están relacionados con la educación y las condiciones de vida, colectivas e individuales.Otro asunto que hay que considerar son los contextos o niveles de diversa escala y poder, entre ellos, los contextos contemporáneos, es decir la escala macro-estructural ─escala preferida de quienes piensan que la paz no es posible─, que interviene decisivamente en la formulación de las posibilidades no sólo de la paz, sino de la memorialización, la que puede ser sometida a políticas públicas y privadas de diverso alcance.En este artículo se abordan los problemas asociados a las posibilidades de formulación de las políticas de paz en su nivel intermedio, es decir las que median entre las escalas macro y micro, con especial énfasis en las últimas, que es donde la memoria, la acción colectiva y la autoreflexividad pueden aportar. (shrink)

This paper outlines the process of verbal communication of emotion as this occurs through the phases of the referential process, including arousal of an emotion schema; detailed and specific descriptions of images and episodes that are exemplars of emotion schemas; and reflection and reorganization, which may include emotion labels and other types of categorical terms. The concepts of emotion schemas and the referential process are defined in the theoretical framework of multiple code theory which includes subsymbolic sensory, visceral and motoric (...) processes, symbolic images and words. Emotion schemas are defined as clusters of representations of events incorporating similar bodily, sensory and motoric processes activated in relation to different people in different contexts. Through the referential process subsymbolic components of a schema that have been activated in a speaker or writer and that may be connected only partially to words may be evoked in a listener or reader. The concept of the emotion schemas is examined in relation to current work in emotion theory and neuroscience. The unique effects of detailed descriptions of episodes in conveying complex aspects of emotional experience are discussed, as recognized by writers, and as demonstrated in empirical research. Computerized measures of the phases of the referential process are presented, focusing particularly on the central measure, the Weighted Referential Activity Dictionary which identifies points of narrative and imagery. The operation of the function words that dominate the WRAD are examined in relation to the structure of narrative expression underlying the verbal representation of emotion schemas. (shrink)

This article explores the pedagogical implications of John Dewey’s claim that his definition of experience is shared by Daoists. It compares characteristics of experience with those in Daoism, and then considers the similarities and differences between key cultivation practices each proposes, focusing on the roles of the teacher and sage. My main reference to Daoism is the translation of the Daodejing by Roger Ames and David Hall, who use Dewey’s conception of experience to explain the character of Daoism. There are (...) two facts that Dewey chooses to define experience and link with Daoism—what it is not, and what it is. Comparisons of these facts with Daoism support Dewey’s claim: both define the ‘what is’ as the principle of unity of opposites. While sharing this view, their proposals for its cultivation reveal similarities, but also some significant differences. The Daodejing gives the Daoist sage a major role to play in the cultivation process of other persons, as does Dewey for the teacher. However, unlike Dewey’s teacher who guides the process, the sage is to create a cultivating environment, thus allowing the sage to ‘let go.’ The Daoist practices offer new ideas to consider in the quest for experience in lessons. (shrink)

Prólogo del Che al proyecto de libro sobre economía política -- Teoría general de la transición socialista -- Cuba : de la liberación nacional a la construcción del socialismo -- Transición extraordinaria del capitalismo al socialismo en Cuba.

La abducción ha desempeñado un papel principal en los enfoques filosóficos sobre la generación de nuevas hipótesis explicativas en las ciencias. Por su parte, desde el punto de vista de la ciencia cognitiva, el razonamiento basado en modelos es el principal instrumento para el pensamiento creativo en la ciencia. Esta segunda clase de razonamiento no se aplica a sentencias sino a objetos semánticos denominados modelos y no está determinada por reglas formales de inferencia. Este artículo sostiene la tesis de que (...) la abducción, en su papel de descubridora, se ve reforzada por la "abducción basada en modelos", figura que no ha sido suficientemente analizada en la literatura actual sobre el tema. Abductive reasoning has played a central role in philosophical accounts of generation of new explanatory hypotheses in science. On the other hand, cognitive scientists have considered model-based reasoning as a main instrument for creative thinking in science. This latter kind of reasoning is applied not to sentences but to semantic objects called models, and is not governed by formal rules of inference. This paper holds the thesis that abductive inference, in its discovery role, is reinforced by what can be characterized as "model-based abduction", a notion which has not yet been sufficiently analyzed in the literature. (shrink)

Es característica de las instituciones de educación superior de calidad desarrollar una pedagogía del cambio. A partir de 1999 se estableció por la Oficina Regional de Educación para América Latina y el Caribe un programa de la red de liderazgo educativo para formar una masa crítica de profesionales de la educación, precursores en liderazgo transformacional. El artículo que se presenta tiene entre sus propósitos valorar las tendencias contemporáneas de la superación en liderazgo docente en Latinoamérica, así como de los principales (...) modelos y teorías donde se incluye además, una estimación de los diversos estilos de liderazgo y su importancia para el logro de un rol transformador en el docente de la educación superior. Quality higher education institutions have the characteristic to develop a pedagogy of change. Since 1999, the Education Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean established a program of the educative leadership net, in order to create a critical group of professionals of the educative system, pioneers in transformational leadership. One of the main purposes of the following article is to assess contemporary trends of the bettering processes in teaching leadership in Latin America, as well as, the main models and theories. The different types of leadership are estimated and also their importance for the development of a transformer role of the teaching personnel in higher education. (shrink)

En el artículo se desarrollan algunas ideas asociadas al campo de la epistemología, ciencias cognitivas y ciencias de la educación desde una aproximación compleja. En este contexto, la noción de disonancia epistémica refiere a una interpretación crítica de algunos de los axiomas paradigmáticos que subyacen y legitiman, en sus diversos niveles y dimensiones, los modelos de desarrollo en la educación contemporánea.

Abductive Reasoning: Logical Investigations into Discovery and Explanation is a much awaited original contribution to the study of abductive reasoning, providing logical foundations and a rich sample of pertinent applications. Divided into three parts on the conceptual framework, the logical foundations, and the applications, this monograph takes the reader for a comprehensive and erudite tour through the taxonomy of abductive reasoning, via the logical workings of abductive inference ending with applications pertinent to scientific explanation, empirical progress, pragmatism and belief revision.

A la memoria del maestro/filósofo Álvaro B. Márquez-Fernández La necesidad de seguir promoviendo temas “no” vistos de forma positiva por los grupos cerrados del poder, y aquellos que han hecho de la academia grupúsculos tradicionales, sistémicos y funcionales a los intereses de los de arriba, se constituye en una apuesta de ir a contracorriente de esos tipos de historias y asumir un compromiso ético-político en función de las luchas, los sentimientos y las emociones de los grupos de abajo.

_Resumen_ En una entrevista de la segunda edición de _Crítica de la razón latinoamericana, _Castro-Gómez plantea un debate entre dos técnicas historiográficas que se disputaban legitimidad: Historia de las ideas y Genealogía de las prácticas. Según él mismo, el primer proyecto _nace muerto_, pues se trata de historiar las creencias de América Latina a través de ideas de una élite académica. En adición, asevera que la Genealogía de las prácticas es la historiografía más adecuada, pues ella revela la cosmovisión contingentemente (...) construida de cada grupo humano a partir de experiencias particulares. No obstante, se argumentará que, lejos de ser antitéticas, ambas formas de historiar pueden complementarse. El presente trabajo es el intento de dicha complementación a través de un caso particular: la incursión del marxismo en el Perú. _Palabras clave: _Marxismo, Genealogía de las prácticas, Historia de las ideas, Foucault, Castro-Gomez. (shrink)

This article compares the two worldviews of Daoism and selected lost gospels, and considers the pedagogical implications. It explores their core concepts and how each applies these concepts...

This article focuses on the career of the Jesuit priest, Constantino Bayle, as a historian of Spanish Catholic missions and promoter of state-sponsored arrangements that institutionalized nationalist religious historiography. He encoded religious nationalism and racist categories in academic discourse and terminology, elevating in this way racist assumptions and renewed imperialist aspirations to the level of official historiography. The article traces Bayle’s early career as an Americanista at the Spanish Catholic periodical, Razón y Fe. Bayle was an ardent supporter of Francisco (...) Franco’s military uprising of 1936. He was an apologist for Falange Española who defended its Catholic character. Alongside other Jesuits, he was responsible for forging a Spanish school of missiology that was predicated upon the tenets of Spanish national Catholicism and that was meant to rival analogous Protestant and Roman Catholic historiographic projects. Central to this culturalist endeavor were the notions of Hispanidad and Raza Hispanica. (shrink)

Summary The article examines the figure of Tomás Carrascón de las Cortes y Medrano (1595–c. 1633) and his pamphleteering activity during the second decade of the seventeenth century in England. A close look at his anti-Catholic pamphlets, Hispanus conversus (London, 1623), Scrutamini Scripturas: The Exhortation of a Spanish Converted Monke (London, 1624), and Miracles Unmasked (London, 1625), reveals his astute use of Spanish and Portuguese Catholic sources against Rome. An examination of his reference lists and marginal annotations discloses a new (...) and heretofore forgotten canon of Iberian Catholic authors who exerted considerable influence during this period. The evidence demonstrates a concerted effort to counteract the exertions of Recusant printing presses in England and northern Europe. (shrink)