Un análisis de la noción de filosofía en Heidegger y en Deleuze nos permite comprobar cómo ambos se ven llevados a un planteamiento estético, a una concepción poética del lenguaje o de la creatividad, para caracterizar a la filosofía misma. La distancia entre ambos reside, no obstante, en la insatisfacción que inevitablemente sufren las esperanzas de Heidegger al depositarlas en lo poético, mientras que Deleuze equipara el quehacer filosófico y el estético al consistir ambos en producción de sentido. An analysis (...) of the notion of philosophy in Heidegger and Deleuze allows us to verify how both are taken to an aesthetic exposition, to a poetic conception of the language or the creativity, in order to characterize to the philosophy. The distance between both resides, however, in the dissatisfaction which inevitably they undergo the hopes of Heidegger when depositing them in the poetic thing, whereas Deleuze compares the philosophical task and aesthetic when consisting the both of sense production. (shrink)

La tradición moderna individualista y liberal resulta estructuralmente incapaz de sustentar una concepción de la comunidad que vaya más allá de una asociación mercantil basada en intereses y productora en todo caso sólo de buena conciencia. Frente a ello, la tradición nietzscheana recogida por Bataille, Blanchot, Derrida, Esposito o Nancy, y matizada por Benjamin y Arendt, permite proponer lo que llamamos comunidad de los ausentes, en torno a conceptos como ausencia, literatura, tiempo, amor y muerte.

An analysis of the notion of philosophy in Heidegger and Deleuze allows us to verify how both are taken to an aesthetic exposition, to a poetic conception of the language or the creativity, in order to characterize to the philosophy. The distance between both resides, however, in the dissatisfaction which inevitably they undergo the hopes of Heidegger when depositing them in the poetic thing, whereas Deleuze compares the philosophical task and aesthetic when consisting the both of sense production.

La deconstrucción, precisamente porque no prescribe una estética ni una política, actúa como estrategia de apertura a/de lo diferente y la alteridad, y opera de este modo una propuesta nómada de pensamiento y acción. Algunas categorías que han canalizado la refl exión en estética y política durante siglos, como representación, juicio, interpretación, sentido, fi rma, secreto, etc. se encuentran con sus impotencias o su lado oscuro o simplemente una nueva lectura “inadecuada” a través de un análisis deconstructivo; este análisis contribuye, (...) así, a pensar de otro modo una estética y una política por venir. (shrink)

Our aim is to point out some differences between verbal and visual arguments, promoting the rhetorical perspective of argumentation beyond the relevance of logic and pragmatics. In our view, if it is to be rational and successful, film as (visual) argumentation must be addressed to spectators who hold informed beliefs about the theme watched on the screen and the medium’s constraints and conventions. In our reflections to follow, we apply rhetorical analysis to film as a symbolic, human, and communicative act (...) that may sometimes be understood as a visually laid out argument. As a mixture of visual, auditory, and verbal stimuli, film demands active and complex interpretation and (re)construction. Our suggestion is to focus on five different but interrelated elements. The reconstruction and evaluation of the visual argument will be based on those elements, and the whole process will be one of visual argumentation. (shrink)

Analizamos la manipulación en el discurso público, siguiendo el drama shakespeareano Julio César y la versión fílmica de J.L. Mankiewicz. Al centrarse este discurso en la acción, son menos útiles los argumentos coherentes y bien elaborados que las apelaciones emotivas y las imágenes impactantes. Se oculta la verdad con una retórica brillante, pero perniciosa. Solo la participación activa ante la recepción de un discurso manipulador, sin renunciar a la argumentación retórica, puede ponernos en guardia de forma crítica, racional y razonable.

RESUMENAnalizamos la problemática actual en torno a la demostración matemática, con particular énfasis en las ideas introducidas por las demostraciones asistidas por ordenador y por la llamada matemática experimental. Examinamos además la influencia que pueden tener estas ideas sobre el concepto de demostración y proponemos una caracterización atendiendo a las diferentes funciones que puede desempeñar la demostración en su vertientes explicativa, comunicativa, sistematizadora, como incrementadora de la comprensión de resultados y como transmisora de conocimiento y convicción. Finalmente, se ofrecen algunas (...) conclusiones sobre problemas relacionados con la intuición, la lógica, la certeza, el conocimiento y el falibilismo, desde la perspectiva de las demostraciones, que favorecen una concepción cuasi-empirista de la matemática.PALABRAS CLAVEDEMOSTRACIÓN, DEMOSTRACIÓN ASISTIDA POR ORDENADOR, CONOCIMIENTO MATEMÁTICO, CUASI-EMPIRISMOABSTRACTThe present problems about mathematical proof are analyzed, putting the emphasis on the ideas introduced by the computer-assisted proofs and by the so-called experimental mathematics. In addition, the influence that those may have on the concept of proof is examined, and a characterization is proposed taking into consideration the functions that such a concept of proof may perform according to its different aspects as explanation, communication, systematization, as a way to increase undestading of results, and as a way to transmit knowledge and conviction. Finally, and from this perspective on proofs, some conclusions are offered about problems connected with intuition, logic, certinty, knowledge and falibilism, that favor a quasi-empirical view on mathematics.KEYWORDSPROOF, COMPUTER,-ASSITED PROOF, MATHEMATICAL KNOWLEDGE, QUASI-EMPIRICISM. (shrink)

RESUMENPresentamos la contribución de Th. Tymoczko a la filosofía de la matemática y analizamos y evaluamos las demostraciones asistidas por ordenador y los razonamientos no rigurosos en la matemática experimental, con particular referencia al Teorema de los Cuatro Colores.PALABRAS CLAVETYMOCZKO – CUASI-EMPIRISMO – MATEMÁTICA EXPERIMENTAL – RAZONAMIENTO NO RIGUROSO – DEMOSTRACIONES ASISTIDAS POR ORDENADORABSTRACTWe present Th. Tymoczko’s contribution to the philosophy of mathematics, and we analyze and evaluate the computer-assisted proofs and the non-rigorous reasonings in the experimental mathematics, particularly in (...) reference to the Four-Colour Theorem.KEYWORDTYMOCZKO – QUASI-EMPIRICISM – EXPERIMENTAL MATHEMATICS – NON-RIGOROUS REASONING – COMPUTER-ASSISTED PROOF. (shrink)

Fernando Coni Campos é considerado um dos maiores roteiristas da nossa cinematografia, autor de filmes importantes como 'A Viagem Ao Fim do Mundo', 'Ladrões de Cinema' e 'O Mágico e o Delegado'. 'Cinema - Sonho e Lucidez' é uma reunião da reflexão sobre cinema do cineasta, morto em 1988, acrescida de alguns contos que mostram todo o seu domínio em contar histórias.

Nada hay más confortable para el hombre, ni más peligroso, que las certezas. Nuestra mejor defensa es la filosofía, que consiste engran medida en el arte de cuestionarlas, de atreverse a pensar, de interpelar las verdades establecidas y ver qué esconden. En estepaseo por la historia de la filosofía, Fernando Savater nos presenta a los grandes personajes que con sus preguntas, y en ocasiones con sus respuestas, han marcado el pensamiento occidental. Platón, Aristóteles, Hobbes, Tomás de Aquino, Nietzsche, Marx, (...) Ortega, Wittgenstein y hasta dieciocho filósofos más desfilan por estas páginas de la mano de Savater, que con su habitual estilo lúcido, ameno e inteligente explica sus ideas más importantes y resume sus trayectorias. Un canto al irrenunciable ejercicio de la libertad intelectual, este libro es en realidad una invitación a huir de los tópicos y a compartir con los grandes filósofos la maravillosa aventura de pensar. (shrink)

To begin with -- Genealogy of the cerebral subject -- Disciplines of the neuro -- Cerebralizing distress -- Brains on screen and paper -- Up for grabs.

This work offers an analysis of all the legal and moral issues surrounding humanitarian intervention: the deaths of innocent persons and the Doctrine of Double Effect Governmental legitimacy - The Doctrine of Effective Political Control; UN Charter and evaluation of the Nicaragua ruling; The Morality of not intervening; US-led invasion of Iraq; Humanitarian intervention authorised by the UN Security Council - Iraq, Somalia, Haiti, Rwanda, and Bosnia among others highlight NATO's intervention in Kosovo; The Nicaragua Decision; and The precedents of (...) Panama, Liberia and Sierra Leone. The book's features include: a new framework based on the doctrine of double effect; basic principles of international ethics; outline of the moral argument for humanitarian intervention; explores the morality and legality of military action to end tyranny or anarchy; arguments in a much more detailed and complete fashion than in previous editions; in-depth examination of philosophy of international law; the relationship between custom and moral theory; new discussion of the question of right authority; and a full analysis of recent interventions in Kosovo and Iraq. book addresses a broad interdisciplinary audience of international lawyers, philosophers, and political scientists. In this new edition, the author responds to critics while updating the discussion in the light of the momentous events that took place at the beginning of the new millennium. (shrink)

Why should sovereign states obey international law? What compels them to owe allegiance to a higher set of rules when each country is its own law of the land? What is the basis of their obligations to each other? Conventional wisdom suggests that countries are too different from one another culturally to follow laws out of mere loyalty to each other or a set of shared moral values. Surely, the prevailing view holds, countries act simply out of self-interest, and they (...) eventually consent to norms of international law to regulate matters of common interest.In this groundbreaking book, Fernando Tesón goes against this prevailing thought by arguing, in the Kantian tradition, that a shared respect for individual human rights underpins not just the obligation countries feel to follow international law but also international laws themselves and even the very legitimacy of nations in the eyes of the international community. Tesón, both a lawyer and a philosopher, proposes that an overlapping respect for human rights has created a moral common ground among the countries of the world; and moreover, that such an outlook is the only one that is rationally defensible. It is this common set of values rather than self-interest that ultimately provides legitimacy to international law. Using the tools of moral philosophy, Tesón analyzes the concepts of sovereignty, intervention, and national interest; the contributions of social contact theory, game theory, and feminist theory; and the puzzles of self-determination and group rights.More than simply outlining his theory, Tesón goes on to give detailed examples of international laws, international institutions, and their human rights foundations, putting his ideas to work and addressing legal reforms called for by the theory. He suggests that treaties, for example, should be considered binding if, and only if, the consent to the treaty was given by a genuinely representative government, one that acts out of interest for the human rights of its citizens. Although the theoretical achievement of this book is to challenge received wisdom on the foundation of international law, the practical ambition is a call to reform the international legal system for the post–Cold War era, to substitute for the old order one that gives primacy to human dignity and freedom over state power. (shrink)

The study aimed to comprehensively overview the experiences encountered by public school employees during the recruitment, selection, and placement (RSP) process within the DepEd Bohol Division. Employing a qualitative-descriptive research design, the researchers utilized a phenomenological approach to delve deeply into these experiences, shedding light on the nuances and intricacies of the division's RSP process. As Lambert et al. (2013) described, qualitative- descriptive studies aim to provide a comprehensive and detailed summary of specific events experienced by individuals or groups in (...) everyday terms. To achieve this, Colaizzi's (1978) data analysis method was applied, meticulously gathering, transcribing, and analyzing recorded participant responses. The rigorous analysis revealed that an overwhelming 81% of the participants recognized significant challenges within the current RSP system of the division, underscoring the pressing need for a renewed approach to address these identified challenges. This highlighted the necessity for an RSP policy that is responsive and innovative, tailored to meet the evolving needs and expectations of applicants, schools, and the division. By implementing improvements to the RSP process, a more efficient and timely filling of vacated and newly available positions is anticipated, contributing to the seamless functioning of the educational system and ultimately enhancing the prospects of success. (shrink)

This electronic document serves as a guide on how to get a LAMP stack running on a Google Compute Engine virtual machine instance running Debian.

We present an experiment designed to investigate three different mechanisms to achieve impartiality in distributive justice. We consider a first-person procedure, inspired by the Rawlsian veil of ignorance, and two third-party procedures, an involved spectator and a detached observer. First-person veiled stakeholders and involved spectators are affected by an initially unfair distribution that, in the stakeholders’ case, is to be redressed. We find substantial differences in the redressing task. Detached observers propose significantly fairer redistributions than veiled stakeholders or involved spectators. (...) Risk preferences partly explain why veiled stakeholders propose less egalitarian redistributions. Surprisingly, involved spectators, who are informed about their position in society, tend to favour stakeholders holding the same position as they do after the initial distribution. (shrink)

The article deals with the chances of illustration of Mohammed: is it forbidden to depict Mohammed in the Islam? What the history or the religion say about it? The following sentences try to get a brief but deep approaching to that issue, underlying the importance that just a few time ago when several problems related to misunderstanding and hatred set the Muslim world in front of the Western people as violent in a behavior that no one could share. Through the (...) article we will see the lack of respect there was in some images that were published provoking all kind of reactions in the world. (shrink)

El autor expone las dimensiones y circunstancias de una investigación cualitativa realizada en un prestigioso instituto de docentes en Uruguay. Indagando en los rituales de interacción aplicados en el ámbito educativo, se observan los modelos de relación, la construcción de la identidad de docente y demás elementos propios de la institución educativa. En ese contexto, se identifican distintos contextos y situaciones cotidianas que reproducen procesos sociales en los que la finalidad está clara: la enseñanza y el aprendizaje.

The emigration is an arduous and complex process that includes practically all the aspects of the life of a human being. One is a sociological phenomenon: the challenging of the emigrant, the decision making, the election of the destination place, and so on; they are determined by the social issue, by the family, the friends and social networks. Normally the studies on the subject are of a quantitative type, as a matter of fact, the topic has a so deep meaning (...) and it affects so much the human being and its surroundings that seemed essential to me a qualitative approach to respond to the question: what desires, anxieties, fears and frustrations move the people to leave their homes and get themselves to a distant and practically unknown country? (shrink)

The war in Iraq has reignited the passionate humanitarian intervention debate. President George W. Bush surprised many observers in his second inaugural address when he promised to oppose tyranny and oppression, and this in a world not always willing or ready to join in that fight. Humanitarian intervention is again on the forefront of world politics.

RESUMENPresentamos la contribución de Th. Tymoczko a la filosofía de la matemática y analizamos y evaluamos las demostraciones asistidas por ordenador y los razonamientos no rigurosos en la matemática experimental, con particular referencia al Teorema de los Cuatro Colores.PALABRAS CLAVETYMOCZKO – CUASI-EMPIRISMO – MATEMÁTICA EXPERIMENTAL – RAZONAMIENTO NO RIGUROSO – DEMOSTRACIONES ASISTIDAS POR ORDENADORABSTRACTWe present Th. Tymoczko’s contribution to the philosophy of mathematics, and we analyze and evaluate the computer-assisted proofs and the non-rigorous reasonings in the experimental mathematics, particularly in (...) reference to the Four-Colour Theorem.KEYWORDTYMOCZKO – QUASI-EMPIRICISM – EXPERIMENTAL MATHEMATICS – NON-RIGOROUS REASONING – COMPUTER-ASSISTED PROOF. (shrink)

The paper presents and discusses an example, namely a version of heterogeneous frrst-order logic and uses the classical theorem of Herbrand-Schmidt-Wang about the reduction of heterogeneous first-order logic to homogeneous first-order logic, in order to obtain two transformations between heterogeneous and homogeneous frrst-order logic which are different from the institution morphisms defined by Goguen and Burstall. Moreover, by considering a type of 2-cell among institution morphisms it is obtained a 2-category and also a 2-functor from this to another 2-category.

Novelty and Continuity in Philosophy and Methodology of Science Wenceslao J. Gonzalez Nowadays, philosophy and methodology of science appear as a ...

This research tackled the challenges public secondary schools in Sagbayan District, Bohol, faced regarding records management. The study employed a mixed research design, combining both descriptive-qualitative and descriptive- quantitative methods. The qualitative phase involved conducting in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with relevant stakeholders involved in records management. On the other hand, the quantitative phase utilized survey questionnaires to gather data from relevant stakeholders to determine the acceptability of the proposed MIS among end-users. The first phase findings revealed various challenges (...) in records management faced by the schools, such as inefficient manual record-keeping systems, difficulties in data retrieval, and the risk of data loss due to inadequate backup procedures. These challenges highlighted the need for a comprehensive, technology-driven solution to streamline records management processes and ensure data security. The evaluation results in the second phase showed that the developed Management Information System (MIS) was well-accepted among the end users. The absence of any significant difference in the level of acceptability among the participants further validated the system's suitability for addressing their specific needs. The successful implementation of the MIS proved to be an effective solution to the records management challenges faced by the public secondary schools in Sagbayan District, Bohol. (shrink)

Abstract The article addresses three aspects of the humanitarian intervention doctrine. It argues, first, that the value of sovereignty rests on the justified social processes of the target state ? the horizontal contract. Foreign interventions, even when otherwise justified, must respect the horizontal contract. In contrast, morally objectionable social processes (such as the subjection of women) are not protected by sovereignty (intervention, of course, may be banned for other reasons). In addition, tyrants have no moral protection against interventions directed at (...) them. Second, the article addresses the internal legitimacy of humanitarian intervention. It concludes that the liberal state may only use voluntary soldiers (either the voluntary army or mercenaries) to conduct humanitarian intervention. Conscription for that purpose is not permissible. The article shows that the long-standing criticism of mercenaries stems from a romantic prejudice and is thus unfair. Third, the article makes a distinction between intention (the determination to perform an action) and motive (a further goal that the agent seeks with that action) and shows that only intention is relevant for humanitarian intervention. A justified humanitarian intervention requires the intention to liberate the victims, but not necessarily a good further motive. It shows how mainstream doctrine has impermissibly confused the two concepts. (shrink)

Western philosophers have made significant contributions to the establishment of government around the world. Philosophers like Plato, Locke, Hobbes, and Machiavelli dramatically influenced the government system not just in foreign countries but also in the Philippines. Hence, this seminar paper explored the political notions of four Western philosophers and positioned them in Duterte’s six years of presidency. In pursuit of this study, the researcher employed a systematic literature review. A systematic review process is used to collect articles, and then a (...) qualitative approach is used to assess them. The researcher came up with four major themes in this study particularly (1) Duterte is a Dictator, not a Philosopher-King, (2) Violators of natural rights, (3) the Sea-monster of Davao, and lastly (4) Love, fear, cruelty, and Duterte. Thus, the researcher concurred that all of the philosophical ideas of the four Western philosophers did not fit or even violated during Duterte’s six years of presidency in the Philippines. (shrink)

With his book The Nature of Mathematical Knowledge (1983), Ph. Kitcher, that had been doing extensive research in the history of the subject and in the contemporary debates on epistemology, saw clearly the need for a change in philosophy of mathematics. His goal was to replace the dominant, apriorist philosophy of mathematics with an empiricist philosophy. The current philosophies of mathematics all appeared, according to his analysis, not to fit well with how mathematicians actually do mathematics. A shift in orientation (...) should invoke the more general reflection that causal, genetic factors are as significant for epistemology as logical structure. As I am to a large extent sympathetic with Kitcher's proposal, my aims here will be simple: first I start presenting Kitcher's argument, and then I try to raise some doubts about his contribution. These doubts come probably from my unskilfulness to follow the torrential flow of Kitcher's ideas. (shrink)