Este artigo discute, de forma interdisciplinar, como é possível, em um Estado Democrático de Direito, existir formas de vida expostas às mais diversas possibilidades de violações de direitos e garantias fundamentais, como as das pessoas em situação de rua no Brasil. O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como se deu o início do problema das pessoas em situação de rua no país e como o Estado brasileiro enxerga a questão, e a partir disso refletir como o acesso a direitos impede (...) que estes indivíduos detenham participação na sociedade. Assim, se tratará a hipótese de que as pessoas em situação de rua, do ponto de vista do Estado, por não habitarem o contexto político, econômico e social de forma efetiva não são tratados como seres sujeitos de direitos na ordem pública, o que legitima tomada de decisões que são, em parte, danosas a esta classe e cobertas por um véu falacioso de cuidado com este contingente populacional. Para sustentar e desenvolver este artigo foi utilizada uma metodologia de pesquisa que analisa como se deu a formação da questão no contexto sócio político brasileiro, bem como uma abordagem crítica das bases normativas instituídas em torno da problemática. Ainda, se utilizou das contribuições bibliográficas de autores que escrevem sobre: politização da vida, poder estatal e relações sociais, tais como Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben e Achille Mbembe. (shrink)

O acesso ao conhecimento, nomeadamente, através da educação e da formação, como agente de inclusão social e digital está na lista de prioridades de diversos organismos internacionais e a preocupação com grupos minoritários, como a população prisional é uma realidade incontornável. A este respeito a literatura também tem sido clara na demonstração de como a educação é fundamental para responder às necessidades daqueles que se encontram no limiar da exclusão social, em risco e vulnerabilidade. Este será um caminho para aumentar (...) a justiça social e reduzir a discriminação através da frequência de cursos de educação e formação. Neste texto procura-se fazer uma breve revisitação histórica da atividade educativa nos presídios em Portugal, com especial destaque para a recente iniciativa desenvolvida pela Universidade Aberta portuguesa, em parceria com a Direção Geral de Reinserção e Serviços Prisionais, relacionada com a criação do Campus Virtual Educonline@pris que se assume como uma academia de formação e educação digital. Pedagogicamente assente no modelo desta instituição apresenta-se, ainda, o desenho de um programa de formação que irá ser desenvolvido num presídio português de jovens adultos reclusos na área das competências e cidadania digital. (shrink)

ENTREVISTA COM PROFESSORAS(ES) DE FILOSOFIA DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL DO CEARÁCom: Jocilaine Moreira Batista do Vale, Mario Jonny de Castro Cunha, Syssa AdleyRodrigues Monteiro, Fabiana Martins TôrresPor: Antônio Alex Pereira de Sousa, Paulo Willame Araújo de Lim.

Introduction: The aim of this review was to systematically synthesize the published literature describing the psychological and behavioral correlates of recreational running in adults, defined as running for leisure, with or without a competitive component.Methods: Quantitative research published in peer-reviewed journals until January 2021 were included. Studies were identified through MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science and were included in this review if they were aimed at recreational running, included general adult samples, and assessed psychological or behavioral correlates of (...) recreational running.Results: Fifty-six articles reporting 58 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. There were 27 cross-sectional studies, 12 longitudinal studies, and 19 trials. Twenty-eight studies assessed antecedents of running behavior, and 25 studies used running behavior as treatment or predictor of a given effect or outcome. Four studies examined both predictors and outcomes of running. Thirty-one studies showed poor quality, while 20 had fair and 7 good quality. Motives were the most frequently studied antecedent of running behavior, and results suggest that the highest-ranked or more prevalent motives were physical health, psychological motives, and personal achievement. Additionally, perceived control, attitude toward running, intention and subjective norms, self-efficacy, and social support may have also played a role in the adoption of recreational running. Moreover, improvements in mood and well-being were the most frequently reported positive outcomes of running. Reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress were also reported in included studies.Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review on this topic. The identification of behavioral and psychological correlates of recreational running across populations can contribute to inform and guide a public policy agenda, focused on helping people sustain regular physical activity, through a modality they have chosen and appear to enjoy.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=68954, identifier: CRD42017068954. (shrink)

Inhaltsverzeichnis/Table of Contents:IntroductionAntónio ZILHÃO: Folk-Psychology, Rationality and Human ActionJoão BRANQUINHO: The Problem of Cognitive DynamicsJ.P. MONTEIRO: Hume, Induction and Single ExperimentsMarco RUFFINO: The Primacy of Concepts and the Priority of Judgments in Frege's LogicJoão Vergílio Gallerani CUTER: Die unanwendbare Arithmetik des TractatusSílvio PINTO: Wittgenstein's Anti-PlatonismFernando FERREIRA: A Substitutional Framework for Arithmetical ValidityJ.R. CROCA & R.N. MOREIRA: Indeterminism Versus CausalismLuíz MONIZ PEREIRA: The Logical Impingement of Artifical Intelligence.

A expressão “o Messias sou eu” aplica-se à relação ética como primeiro acontecer do messias. Subjetividade mesma do sujeito. Através de comentários rabínicos do Talmude, Lévinas traz uma hermenêutica que faz recurso à ética como proximidade e responsabilidade inalienável e insubstituível por outrem. Nesse sentido, as noções hebraicas de messianismo e dizer profético , lidas no midraxe da hermenêutica rabínica, permitem avançar na ideia da linguagem religiosa em seu sentido original: ética. Tais noções habitam uma ordem metafórica que permite ao (...) pensamento desdizer-se e a querer dizer outramente. Nos comentários do Talmude não há lugar para o entusiasmo religioso ou para o arrebatamento de uma experiência mística, mas hermenêutica rigorosa e ininterrupta à procura de sentido que está sempre mais além. Tal maneira de ler a experiência religiosa abandona o sagrado numinoso para se chegar à transcendência como ética. Trata-se do pensamento marcado pela experiência do homem refém de todos os outros. Esse homem é necessário aos outros homens, visto que, sem ele, a moral não começaria em parte alguma. É homem messiânico contemporâneo, eleito e profético. Em Lévinas, o Messias sou eu . Palavras-chave : Hermenêutica. Religião. Ética. Messias.The expression "I am the messiah" applies to the ethical relationship as the first task of the messiah: the subjectivity of the own subject. Through rabbinic commentaries from the Talmud, Levinas brings us a hermeneutic that understands ethics as proximity and responsibility, irreplaceable and inalienable by others. In this sense, the Hebrew notions of messianism and prophetic words, taken from the midrash within the rabbinic hermeneutics, allow us to advance on the idea of religious language in its original sense: ethics. Such notions are metaphors that take the thought to reveal itself in other ways. In the comments of the Talmud there is no place for religious enthusiasm or for any sort of rapture of mystical nature. But, there is indeed, a place for a rigorous hermeneutic that it is in permanent search for a kind of meaning that is always beyond. This way of understanding the religious experience leaves the sacred numinous and understands transcendence as ethics. In this sense the thought appears marked by the experience of the man who is seen as hostage to each other. This man is necessary to the other man, since without him the moral would never start anywhere. Within Levinas perspective, ‘I am’ this contemporary and elected messiah. Keywords : Hermeneutic. Religion. Etic. Messiah. (shrink)

A intervenção percorre a história dos atributos antonianos, iniciando-se pela figura e suas vestes: Menino de coro, Cónego regrante de Santo Agostinho e Franciscano. Analisa a evolução das vestes franciscanas e o caso único com adereços de Doutor. As primeiras representações portuguesas mostram António com o atributo da cruz, reveladora de um seguidor de Cristo pobre e crucificado. O livro aparece aberto ou fechado e caracteriza um depositário da doutrina evangélica. O Menino Jesus é atributo preferido desde o século XV. (...) Começa por aparecer sobre o peito e depois a aparição adopta variadíssimas posições em relação, muitas vezes, com o livro. A açucena, documentada desde quinhentos, torna-se mais habitual desde o século XVII. Estudam--se também os atributos por contaminação com Santo Antão Abade. Novos temas relacionam o Santo com as almas do Purgatório e com a devoção ao pão dos pobres, muito divulgada no século XIX. (shrink)

Este artículo busca problematizar parcialmente la constitución ontológica de la noción de praxis hegemónica en Antonio Gramsci; producir una definición de posthegemonía como posición política y no como doctrina; arriesgar la noción de que, de haber una “ontología” posthegemónica, convendría asentarla bajo tacha en el lugar de un posible pensamiento de la diferencia ontológica; describir brevemente un espacio de praxis emergente en el que la noción posthegemónica se hace explícita; y regresar a Antonio Gramsci a partir de una (...) posible entrada en crisis del concepto de hegemonía en su obra misma. (shrink)

Diversos análisis contemporáneos postulan un cambio del régimen representacional de “lo público” —destitución del lógos por medio de la irrupción de la imagen—. Ante dicho diagnóstico, sugerimos atender a la prematura existencia de un campo visual constitutivo de “lo público”. Se compone allí un régimen de imágenes que expresa las condiciones de visibilidad y las gramáticas del orden cívico que diagraman el nacimiento de la ciudad y la “comunidad política”. Postulamos aquí la necesidad de emprender una “arqueología visual de lo (...) público” que advierta la densidad histórica, figurativa y performativa de una incipiente configuración de la “imagen pública” y del orden visual de “lo público”. (shrink)

This essay attempts to offer some reflections on what it is that Jacques Derrida found uncomfortable in Martin Heidegger’s thought at the level of fundamental gestures. The region of disagreement is located in Derrida’s self-identification in a marrano register at an autographic level. This paper studies the notions of propriation and expropriation in Heidegger’s late texts and compares them to Derrida’s ‘uncanny propriation’ as a marrano notion. I offer four propositions regarding Derrida’s marranismo, which I align with Derrida’s proposal for (...) desecularization, tentatively described as a ‘messianic engagement with the khora’. I conclude with a proposal for the development of ontic models of marrano action that would antecede the theory/practice divide. (shrink)

INCONTINENCE, HONOURING SUNK COSTS AND RATIONALITY According to a basic principle of rationality, the decision to engage in a course of action should be determined solely by the analysis of its consequences. Thus, considerations associated with previous use of resources should have no bearing on an agent’s decision-making process. Frequently, however, agents persist carrying on an activity they themselves judge to be nonoptimal under the circumstances because they have already allocated resources to that activity. When this is the case, agents (...) are said to be honouring sunk costs. Honouring sunk costs is thus typically viewed as irrational economic behaviour. Two striking findings of the psychological literature on the sunk cost effect are that it is, in general, not lessened by having taken previously courses in economics, and that agents who did take such courses and that do honour sunk costs seem to be frequently aware of a cognitive dissonance in their behaviour. Davidson’s account of the possibility conditions of incontinent action renders continent action materially unfeasible. The very idea of incontinent action becomes thus a hollow one. I’ll present an alternative description of these possibility conditions that renders continent action materially feasible, and both, continent and incontinent action, cognitively plausible. In a nutshell, my proposal rests upon the drawing of an essential cognitive contrast between explicit processes of deliberative reasoning and lower level heuristic procedures. I conclude the paper arguing that my redescription of incontinent action accounts for the above mentioned cognitive dissonance effect better than the alternatives and that viewing at least an important subset of behaviours of honouring sunk costs as incontinent actions will enable us to consider them as peculiar manifestations of a more general and meaningful pattern in human behaviour. (shrink)

Se trata de una reseña bibliográfica del libro de Han, Byung-Chul., La salvación de lo bello, traducción de Alberto Ciria, Barcelona, Herder Editorial, 110 páginas.

El presente artículo examina la semántica de la anagnórisis en la diégesis de Tucídides y los poetas trágicos. Vinculando el corpus narrativo de la tragedia griega y de la stásis en la democracia de la Grecia Clásica, el texto formula dos ejercicios: Primero, mediante el examen de algunas especies lexicales que constituyen el campo semántico de la tragedia (hamartía, amatía y katastrophé), se establece el nexo entre «lance patético» y anagnórisis que acontecen al héroe trágico y al ciudadano ateniense narrado (...) por Tucídides. Segundo, mediante la indagación de los lexemas enunciados en la anagnórisis del héroe trágico y del ciudadano ateniense, con la noción de «sintagma trágico» el artículo imbrica el campo semántico de la diégesis trágica e historiográfica para postular la conjunción de una lengua trágico-política en común. (shrink)

Antonio Negri wrote the two essays that comprise Time for Revolution while serving a prison sentence for alleged involvement with radical left-wing groups. Although the essays were written two decades apart, their concerns are the same: is there a place for resistance in a society utterly subsumed by capitalism? In the wake of the global crisis of capitalism heralded by the 2008 crash, the question has never been more relevant and Negri remains an insightful and passionate guide to any (...) attempt to answer it. (shrink)

Based on a critical theoretical tradition of democracy, the article rehearses an interpretation of the Chilean revolt of October 2019. It is argued that this episode indicates the exhaustion of the myth in which democracy obtains its legitimacy and perpetuation as a promise of the realisation of its founding values. To this end, it examines the overall historical context in which the Chilean democratic transition is taking place, thus discovering its close link to the order designed by the Chilean dictatorship. (...) A series of symbolisms articulate the global market order with the social model favoured by the dictatorship, but implemented with a democratic appearance. Finally, the elements that allow us to understand the signs of the collapse of the ‘democratic mythologem’ in the October revolt are reviewed and questions are asked about the political challenges that are posed. (shrink)

El surgimiento de la psicología, la psiquiatría o la psicopatología responden a una funcionalidad ajenas a la curación, la asistencia o el conocimiento de la enfermedad mental. Semejantes disciplinas configuran, generan y enarbolan una subjetividad atravesada por la normalidad. Ejecutan una reproducción de una normatividad excluyente cuya finalidad es la de mantener un control sobre el ámbito social y sobre los individuos a nivel microfísico. Analizando nuestra relación con la locura podremos observar cómo el nacimiento de los discursos médicos relacionados (...) con la psique, no responden a una evolución del conocimiento que desemboque en el desvelamiento de la verdadera naturaleza de la locura o, en el abandono de su carácter místico. Su surgimiento responde a una serie de condiciones históricas que determinan el discurso y la experiencia que se tiene en cada formación histórica. (shrink)

El artículo propuesto para el dossier busca presentar un análisis de las experiencias educativas que la congregación salesiana desarrolló en la Patagonia argentina durante el siglo XX. Situaremos nuestro estudio en la ciudad de Comodoro Rivadavia (Chubut), la cual, a partir de 1907 con el descubrimiento del petróleo, y sobre todo con la creación de la empresa Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF) en 1922, pasó a contar con un importante movimiento obrero. Estos aspectos contribuyeron para que la congregación pudiera desarrollar cuatro (...) propuestas educativas que iban desde el nivel primario al universitario, dado que garantizaba una formación técnica y cristiana para los jóvenes que posteriormente ingresarían al mundo del trabajo petrolero. (shrink)

Los orígenes de la poesía yámbica en la Grecia arcaica suelen remontarse a las festividades comunitarias y los rituales religiosos relacionados con los cultos de Deméter y Dioniso. Estas festividades coinciden con el yambo principalmente en la presencia de invectiva, obscenidad y descarnada burla. El presente trabajo se propone indagar precisamente en algunos testimonios concernientes a diversas ceremonias de estas dos divinidades que, aunque tardíos y de transmisión indirecta, nos permiten retomar los hilos entre las canciones cultuales y el yambo (...) literario. En efecto, tal como se puede deducir de los mismos, es probable trazar una continuidad entre el ámbito religioso y cultural de las festividades eleusinas y dionisíacas en el mundo griego arcaico y las composiciones yámbicas específicamente literarias, surgidas hacia el s. VII a. C. Nos centraremos en ciertos yambos de los famosos poetas Arquíloco de Paros e Hiponacte de Éfeso, donde, a nuestro entender, se observan reflejos de aquellas antiguas canciones rituales. Iambic poetry in Ancient Greek often dates back to communal celebrations and religious rituals traced to the cults of Demeter and Dionysus. These events coincide with the Iambus, mainly featuring invective, insulting and obscene language. The present work intends to precisely look into some testimonies relating to different ceremonies of these two deities that, although late and indirectly passed on, they allow us to pick up again the threads between cultural songs and literary iambus. In fact, as can be inferred from them, it is possible to draw a continuity line between the religious and cultural context of the Eleusinian and Dionysian festivities in the archaic Greek world and the specifically literary iambic compositions that emerged around the 7th century BC. We will focus on certain Iambus of the famous poets Archilochus of Paros and Hipponax of Ephesus, which, to our knowledge, are reflections of those ancient ritual songs. (shrink)

The article examines the relationship between tragedy and Greek democracy starting from the category of «stasis». Focused on this notion, the text proposes two exercises that articulate and demonstrate the relationship between tragedy and democracy. First, it focuses on the question about the «stasis» and how this relationship will be conceptualized in the investigation by examining five dimensions contained in that category: the eristic conception of language; the notion of «agon» as a political principle of conflict; the notion of «ergon» (...) as a conception of political action; the ethical substance that inspires it; and the event of excessiveness contained in the notion of «hybris». Second, the text examines and identifies, in a preliminary way, a relationship of tension and distinction between the Greek concepts of «stasis» and «polemos», both present and constitutive in the configuration of tragedy and Greek democracy. Through these two exercises the text postulates the possibility of a genealogical thinking about the tragic character of democracy. (shrink)

En la historia de la filosofía, las referencias a la tragedia y los motivos trágicos configuran un ámbito de pensamiento. En la filosofía moderna, tras los estudios de Goethe, Schlegel, Schiller, Hegel, Hölderlin, Schopenhauer o Nietzsche, se instauró una “filosofía trágica”, y un “sentido trágico” como principio explicativo de la “trágica experiencia política moderna”. Inscrito en el registro de una filosofía de “lo trágico”, el presente texto propone un estudio genealógico de la relación entre tragedia y democracia griega, mediante el (...) examen de la categoría de stásis. (shrink)

v. 1. Introducción a la teología moral. La conciencia moral -- v. 2. La violencia, el amor y la sexualidad -- v. 3. Etica y religión.

This article is intended to examine the lines 1006a34-b9 of Metaphysics Γ 4, where Aristotle conjectures and discusses an objection to the very first step of his proof of the principle of the most universal science. As we shall see in detail, this objection consists in claiming that the meaning of a word is multiple, so that it is not possible for a word to have one single meaning, contrarily to what it seems to be required for one to say (...) something. As we shall also see, some crucial aspects of aristotelian notion of meaning emerge in this context, among which those related to the unity proper to it. (shrink)

Em mais de uma ocasião, e em variados escritos, Tarso Mazzotti enfatizou a importância do diálogo e do debate como parte constitutiva do fazer científico e demonstrou a importância da Teoria da Argumentação como ferramenta essencial ao exame das teorias e doutrinas pedagógicas. Podese seguramente identificar como algumas das principais características da filosofia da educação, praticada por este autor, o rigor na apresentação das idéias e construção dos argumentos, além do amplo espectro de temas que aborda. Seu último livro, Doutrinas (...) pedagógicas: máquinas produtoras de litígio, é um testemunho da originalidade inerente ao seu pensamento, que focaliza, dessa feita, o exame de algumas doutrinas pedagógicas, as quais, a partir do século XVII, operam direta ou indiretamente nos discursos a respeito da educação escolar. (shrink)

Caro leitor! Em busca de sempre mais apresentar reflexões consistentes e relevantes para o pensar teológico, em conexão com o mundo e às urgências da Igreja, a presente edição trás importantes temas que ajudam refletir a realidade humana à luz do mistério de Deus. Por isso, os artigos oferecidos nas mais variadas áreas, a saber: bíblico-teológica, dogmática, moral, pastoral, antropologia teológica, filosofia e eclesiologia, dão suporte científico e metodológico para a reflexão teológica. Antes de conferir as novidades desta edição, gostaria (...) de comunicar que esta Revista Eletrônica conquistou um espaço ainda maior de publicação, ao tornar-se indexada na base de dados do Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). (shrink)

Como habitantes e investigadores de las luchas que emergen desde situaciones de contaminación en la zona sur de la ciudad de Córdoba, nuestro interés es analizar los modos de construcción de las identidades políticas en estos contextos discursivos situados. Metodológicamente, apelamos a los desarrollos de Laclau para el análisis de las prácticas articulatorias, tomando como herramientas para el análisis del discurso las figuras de la retórica clásica (sinécdoque, catacresis, metáfora y metonimia); como unidad de análisis, cuatro experiencias de luchas desde (...) situaciones de contaminación; y como corpus, el material recogido en entrevistas grupales en profundidad a fin de identificar los significantes privilegiados por los participantes para dar cuenta del interior/exterior del grupo y las operaciones de construcción de cadenas de equivalencias/diferencias, observando las dimensiones catacrésicas, sinecdóquicas, metafóricas y metonímicas en el uso de los significantes. Luego, nos centramos en el análisis de las distinciones vecinos/no vecinos, contaminación/ambiente, barrio/sector sur, afectado/no afectado. Como resultados, señalamos dos modos de articulación diferentes en la construcción de identidades desde situaciones de injusticia ambiental: la de los afectados directos, basada en vínculos metonímicos, en contigüidades con la fuente de contaminación; y otra, la de quienes no se reconocen como afectados directos, basada en vínculos metafóricos. (shrink)

The origin of the eukaryotic cell nucleus and the selective forces that drove its evolution remain unknown and are a matter of controversy. Autogenous models state that both the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) derived from the invagination of the plasma membrane, but most of them do not advance clear selective forces for this process. Alternative models proposing an endosymbiotic origin of the nucleus fail to provide a pathway fully compatible with our knowledge of cell biology. We propose here an (...) evolutionary scenario that reconciles both an ancestral endosymbiotic origin of the eukaryotic nucleus (endosymbiosis of a methanogenic archaeon within a fermentative myxobacterium) with an autogenous generation of the contemporary nuclear membrane and ER from the bacterial membrane. We specifically state two selective forces that operated sequentially during its evolution: (1) metabolic compartmentation to avoid deleterious co‐existence of anabolic (autotrophic synthesis by the methanogen) and catabolic (fermentation by the myxobacterium) pathways in the cell, and (2) avoidance of aberrant protein synthesis due to intron spreading in the ancient archaeal genome following mitochondrial acquisition and loss of methanogenesis. BioEssays 28: 525–533, 2006. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

Solving poverty is a laudable public policy goal. While there are many approaches, one that has gained popularity is the conditional cash transfer that requires recipients to satisfy conditions imposed on them such as requiring regular medical checkups. Another approach, which is gaining interest is unconditional cash transfers that do not impose conditions. The question we ask in this paper is: what do these past and current attempts tell us about the implications for gender? To answer this question, we explore (...) two programs using a gendered framework: Brazil's Bolsa Familia,which is a conditional cash transfer, and Manitoba's Mincome experiment, which was an unconditional cash transfer in Canada. We then consider how this information might be used by states, particularly as it relates to ending social marginalization. Broadly, this research contributes to academic discussions of public policy, income, gender and social vulnerability. (shrink)

In this article, we argue that contemporary biomedicine is shaped by two, seemingly incommensurable, organizational logics, the ‘regime of truth’ and the ‘regime of hope’. We articulate their features by drawing on debates sparked by the recent clinical trial of a new approach to the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease. We also argue that the ‘self’ is configured in the very same process whereby these two organizational logics interlock and become mutually dependent, so that the ‘self’ might be said to be (...) the effect of a ‘parasitic’ relationship between the regimes of ‘truth’ and ‘hope’. We then bring these two arguments to bear on the contrasting views of the relationship between embodiment and political subjectivity articulated by Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben, on the one hand, and Paul Rabinow and Nikolas Rose, on the other hand. (shrink)

In this article, I investigate the process of coordination between three ‘bodies’ of surgery: the patient-ensemble(s) constructed in pre-operative activities; the surgeon-body constructed with these ensembles in the operating room; and the body-world inhabited by the surgeon. This investigation is done through an ethnography of a neurosurgical clinic, with an analytical focus on the relationship between the spatial configuration of the body of the surgeon and the embodied practices of operating that this configuration demands. My argument is that coordination between (...) those three bodies is organized in the layered space into which the multiple ensembles of surgery are assembled. This relationship, I suggest, lies at the core of the power and technical expertise held by surgeons, and constitutes a challenge for explorations of other forms of articulation between subject body-worlds and the embodiment of power in subject-bodies. (shrink)