Results for 'Douglas Ritz'

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  1.  17
    Rehearsal of individual items in short-term memory.Gary F. Meunier, Douglas Ritz & Jo A. Meunier - 1972 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 95 (2):465.
  2.  35
    Overt rehearsal and long-term retention.Gary F. Meunier, Jane Kestner, Jo A. Meunier & Douglas Ritz - 1974 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 102 (5):913.
  3.  9
    The New Dialectic: Conversational Contexts of Argument.Douglas Walton - 1998 - University of Toronto Press.
  4.  52
    Learning to See with Different Eyes: A Nietzschean Challenge to Multicultural Dialogue.Douglas W. Yacek - 2014 - Educational Theory 64 (2):99-121.
    Empathy is a necessity in our multicultural world. Modern democratic societies are home to communities with the most diverse religious, political, and moral convictions, and these convictions often directly, even perilously, contradict one another. Educational theorists differ on how empathy can be taught in the face of these contradictions. Does proper pedagogical action entail an attempt to teach students to understand the other, to see their world through the eyes of the other? Or is such an attempt doomed to fail, (...)
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  5. What is reasoning? What is an argument?Douglas N. Walton - 1990 - Journal of Philosophy 87 (8):399-419.
    In redefining logic, philosophers need to go back to the Aristotelian roots of the subject, to expand the boundaries of the subject to include informal logic and to give up false oppositions between informal and formal logic.
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  6.  60
    Methods of Argumentation.Douglas Walton - 2013 - New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    Argumentation, which can be abstractly defined as the interaction of different arguments for and against some conclusion, is an important skill to learn for everyday life, law, science, politics and business. The best way to learn it is to try it out on real instances of arguments found in everyday conversational exchanges and legal argumentation. The introductory chapter of this book gives a clear general idea of what the methods of argumentation are and how they work as tools that can (...)
  7.  12
    Scare Tactics: Arguments That Appeal to Fear and Threats.Douglas Walton - 2000 - Dordrecht, Netherland: Springer.
    Scare Tactics, the first book on the subject, provides a theory of the structure of reasoning used in fear and threat appeal argumentation. Such arguments come under the heading of the argumentum ad baculum, the `argument to the stick/club', traditionally treated as a fallacy in the logic textbooks. The new dialectical theory is based on case studies of many interesting examples of the use of these arguments in advertising, public relations, politics, international negotiations, and everyday argumentation on all kinds of (...)
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  8.  68
    Why machines can't think: A reply to James Moor.Douglas F. Stalker - 1978 - Philosophical Studies 34 (3):317-20.
  9.  54
    Two new challenges for the modal account of the progressive.Douglas J. Wulf - 2009 - Natural Language Semantics 17 (3):205-218.
    The progressive in English appears to be inherently modal, due to what Dowty (Word meaning and Montague grammar: The semantics of verbs and times in generative semantics and in Montague’s PTQ, 1979) terms the imperfective paradox. In truth-conditional accounts, the literal truth of a clause with the modal progressive hinges on the possibility of the described outcome. The clause’s truth under such accounts has also been tacitly assumed to describe its felicitous use. Two challenges for this strategy are discussed. First, (...)
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  10.  6
    One-Sided Arguments: A Dialectical Analysis of Bias.Douglas Walton - 1999 - Albany, NY, USA: State University of New York Press.
    A practical manual for evaluating bias that will be useful to anyone who has to deal with arguments, whether in academic reading or writing, or in everyday conversation.
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  11.  11
    Relevance in Argumentation.Douglas N. Walton - 2004 - Routledge.
    Vol. presents a method for critically evaluating relevance in arguments based on case studies & a new relevance theory incorporating techniques of argumentation theory, logic & artificiaI intelligence. For scholars/students in argumentation & rhetoric.
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  12. Begging the question as a pragmatic fallacy.Douglas N. Walton - 1994 - Synthese 100 (1):95 - 131.
    The aim of this paper is to make it clear how and why begging the question should be seen as a pragmatic fallacy which can only be properly evaluated in a context of dialogue. Included in the paper is a review of the contemporary literature on begging the question that shows the gradual emergence over the past twenty years or so of the dialectical conception of this fallacy. A second aim of the paper is to investigate a number of general (...)
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  13.  25
    Logical Dialogue-games and Fallacies.Douglas N. Walton - 1984 - Lanham, Md. : University Press of America.
  14.  15
    Argumentation Methods for Artificial Intelligence in Law.Douglas Walton - 2005 - Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer.
    Use of argumentation methods applied to legal reasoning is a relatively new field of study. The book provides a survey of the leading problems, and outlines how future research using argumentation-based methods show great promise of leading to useful solutions. The problems studied include not only these of argument evaluation and argument invention, but also analysis of specific kinds of evidence commonly used in law, like witness testimony, circumstantial evidence, forensic evidence and character evidence. New tools for analyzing these kinds (...)
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  15. Informal Logic, a Handbook for Critical Argumentation.Douglas N. Walton - 1993 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 26 (1):48-52.
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  16. The carneades model of argument and burden of proof.Douglas Walton - manuscript
    with Thomas F. Gordon and Henry Prakken. Artificial Intelligence, forthcoming. [Preprint posted.].
     
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  17. Soul as Structure in Plato's Phaedo.Douglas J. Young - 2013 - Apeiron 46 (4):469 - 498.
  18. The Place of Emotion in Argument.Douglas WALTON - 1992 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 29 (1):84-86.
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  19.  75
    How to make and defend a proposal in a deliberation dialogue.Douglas Walton - 2006 - Artificial Intelligence and Law 14 (3):177-239.
    In this paper it is shown how tools developed in argumentation theory and artificial intelligence can be applied to the development of a new dialectical analysis of the speech act of making a proposal in a deliberation dialogue. These tools are developed, modified and used to formulate dialogue pre-conditions, defining conditions and post-conditions for the speech act of making a proposal in a deliberation dialogue. The defining conditions set out what is required for a move in a dialogue to count (...)
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  20. Consciousness, emotional self-regulation and the brain: Review article.Douglas F. Watt - 2004 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 11 (9):77-82.
    Once deemed not respectable as a scientific domain, when behaviourist doctrine held sway, emotion is now an exploding subject of compelling attraction to a wide range of disciplines in psychology and neuroscience. Recent work suggests that the concept of 'affective regulation' has become a buzzword in these areas. Disciplines involved include not only affective neuroscience, but also cognitive neuroscience, developmental psychology, clinical psychiatric studies into syndromes of emotion dys-regulation , various psychotherapy approaches, and several others, e.g. the increasingly popular fields (...)
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  21.  51
    Similarity, precedent and argument from analogy.Douglas Walton - 2010 - Artificial Intelligence and Law 18 (3):217-246.
    In this paper, it is shown (1) that there are two schemes for argument from analogy that seem to be competitors but are not, (2) how one of them is based on a distinctive type of similarity premise, (3) how to analyze the notion of similarity using story schemes illustrated by some cases, (4) how arguments from precedent are based on arguments from analogy, and in many instances arguments from classification, and (5) that when similarity is defined by means of (...)
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  22.  6
    The New Dialectic.Douglas Walton - 1999 - ProtoSociology 13:70-91.
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  23. Arguments from Ignorance.Douglas N. Walton - 1997 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 30 (1):97-101.
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  24. Examination dialogue: An argumentation framework for critically questioning an expert opinion.Douglas Walton - manuscript
     
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  25. The persistence of consciousness: Guest editorial.Douglas M. Stokes - 2002 - Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research 96 (1):5-14.
  26.  35
    Of Gifted Children and Gated Communities: Paul Theroux's O-Zone and Octavia Butler's The Parable of the Sower.Douglas W. Texter - 2008 - Utopian Studies 19 (3):457 - 484.
  27.  26
    Commentary on Professor Hobson’s first-person account of a lateral medullary stroke : Affirmative action for the brainstem in consciousness studies?Douglas F. Watt - 2002 - Consciousness and Cognition 11 (3):391-395.
  28.  60
    The Appeal to Ignorance, or Argumentum Ad Ignorantiam.Douglas Walton - 1999 - Argumentation 13 (4):367-377.
  29. Argumentative reasoning patterns.Douglas Walton & Fabrizio Macagno - 2006 - In Douglas Walton & Fabrizio Macagno (eds.), Proceedings of 6th CMNA (Computational Models of Natural Argument) Workshop, ECAI-European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. University of Trento. pp. 48-51.
    The aim of the paper is to present a typology of argument schemes. In first place, we found it helpful to define what an argument scheme is. Since many argument schemes found in contemporary theories stem from the ancient tradition, we took in consideration classical and medieval dialectical studies and their relation with argumentation theory. This overview on the main works on topics and schemes provides a summary of the main principles of classification. In the second section, Walton’s theory is (...)
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  30.  72
    A new dialectical theory of explanation.Douglas Walton - 2004 - Philosophical Explorations 7 (1):71 – 89.
    This paper offers a dialogue theory of explanation. A successful explanation is defined as a transfer of understanding in a dialogue system in which a questioner and a respondent take part. The questioner asks a special sort of why-question that asks for understanding of something and the respondent provides a reply that transfers understanding to the questioner. The theory is drawn from recent work on explanation in artificial intelligence (AI), especially in expert systems, but applies to scientific, legal and everyday (...)
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  31. On the nature of relationships involving the observer and the observed phenomenon in psychology and physics.Douglas M. Snyder - 1983 - Journal of Mind and Behavior 4 (3):389-400.
  32.  43
    The Problematic Welfare Standards of Behavioral Paternalism.Douglas Glen Whitman & Mario J. Rizzo - 2015 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 6 (3):409-425.
    Behavioral paternalism raises deep concerns that do not arise in traditional welfare economics. These concerns stem from behavioral paternalism’s acceptance of the defining axioms of neoclassical rationality for normative purposes, despite having rejected them as positive descriptions of reality. We argue that behavioral paternalists have indeed accepted neoclassical rationality axioms as a welfare standard; that economists historically adopted these axioms not for their normative plausibility, but for their usefulness in formal and theoretical modeling; that broadly rational individuals might fail to (...)
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  33.  20
    Objections, Rebuttals and Refutations.Douglas Walton - unknown
    This paper considers how the terms ‘objection,’ ‘rebuttal,’ ‘attack,’ ‘refutation,’ ‘rebutting defeater’ and ‘undercutting defeater’ are used in writings on argumentation and artificial intelligence. The central focus is on the term ‘rebuttal.’ A provisional classification system is proposed that provides a normative structure within which the terms can be clarified, distinguished from each other, and more precisely defined.
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  34. Begging the Question: Circular Reasoning as a Tactic of Argumentation.Douglas N. Walton - 1995 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 28 (2):171-175.
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  35.  10
    Goal-based reasoning for argumentation.Douglas N. Walton - 2015 - New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    This book provides an argumentation model for means-end reasoning, a distinctive type of reasoning used for problem-solving gand decision-making. Means-end reasoning is modeled as goal-directed argumentation from an agent's goals and known circumstances, and from an action selected as a means, to a decision to carry out the action. Goal-based reasoning for argumentation provides an argumentation model for this kind of reasoning, showing how it is employed in settings of intelligent deliberation where agents try to collectively arrive at a conclusion (...)
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  36.  37
    Formalizing Informal Logic.Douglas Walton & Thomas F. Gordon - 2015 - Informal Logic 35 (4):508-538.
    This paper presents a formalization of informal logic using the Carneades Argumentation System, a formal, computational model of argument that consists of a formal model of argument graphs and audiences. Conflicts between pro and con arguments are resolved using proof standards, such as preponderance of the evidence. CAS also formalizes argumentation schemes. Schemes can be used to check whether a given argument instantiates the types of argument deemed normatively appropriate for the type of dialogue.
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  37. Dialogical models of explanation.Douglas Walton - manuscript
    Explanation-Aware Computing: Papers from the 2007 AAAI Workshop, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, Technical Report WS-07-06, Menlo Park California, AAAI Press, 2007, 1-9.
     
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  38.  91
    The place of dialogue theory in logic, computer science and communication studies.Douglas Walton - 2000 - Synthese 123 (3):327-346.
    Dialogue theory, although it has ancient roots, was put forward in the 1970s in logic as astructure that can be useful for helping to evaluate argumentation and informal fallacies.Recently, however, it has been taken up as a broader subject of investigation in computerscience. This paper surveys both the historical and philosophical background of dialoguetheory and the latest research initiatives on dialogue theory in computer science. The main components of dialogue theory are briefly explained. Included is a classification of the main (...)
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  39.  17
    Ethics in Pharmacy Practice: A Practical Guide.Dennis M. Sullivan, Douglas C. Anderson & Justin W. Cole - 2021 - Springer Verlag.
    This textbook offers a unique and accessible approach to ethical decision-making for practicing pharmacists and student pharmacists. Unlike other texts, it gives clear guidance based on the fundamental principles of moral philosophy, explaining them in simple language and illustrating them with abundant clinical examples and case studies. The strength of this text is in its emphasis on normative ethics and critical thinking, and that there is truly a best answer in the vast majority of cases, no matter how complex. The (...)
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  40.  24
    Antony van Leeuwenhoek's microscopes and other scientific instruments: new information from the Delft archives.Huib J. Zuidervaart & Douglas Anderson - 2016 - Annals of Science 73 (3):257-288.
    SUMMARYThis paper discusses the scientific instruments made and used by the microscopist Antony van Leeuwenhoek. The immediate cause of our study was the discovery of an overlooked document from the Delft archive: an inventory of the possessions that were left in 1745 after the death of Leeuwenhoek's daughter Maria. This list sums up which tools and scientific instruments Leeuwenhoek possessed at the end of his life, including his famous microscopes. This information, combined with the results of earlier historical research, gives (...)
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  41. Are Circular Arguments Necessarily Vicious?Douglas N. Walton - 1985 - American Philosophical Quarterly 22 (4):263-274.
  42.  41
    Action theory.Douglas Walton - 1979 - Philosophia 8 (4):719-740.
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  43.  8
    Historical Foundations of Informal Logic.Douglas N. Walton & Alan Brinton - 1997 - Brookfield, VT, USA: Routledge.
    In response to the growing recognition of informal logic as a discipline in its own right, this collection of essays from leading contributors in the field provides the formative knowledge and historical context required to understand the development of a so far little studied subject area.
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  44.  11
    John Dewey and the High Tide of American Liberalism.Douglas J. Simpson - 1997 - Paideusis: Journal of the Canadian Philosophy of Education Society 10 (2):47-48.
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  45.  14
    Recent Scholarship on Dewey: From Screech to Scholarship.Douglas Jackson Simpson - 2007 - Paideusis: Journal of the Canadian Philosophy of Education Society 16 (3):93-98.
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  46.  8
    Building large knowledge-based systems: Representation and inference in the cyc project.Douglas Skuce - 1993 - Artificial Intelligence 61 (1):81-94.
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  47.  15
    The Great Prehistoric Art Swindle: André Breton and Palaeolithic Cave Painting.Douglas Smith - 2021 - Paragraph 44 (3):364-378.
    At Pech Merle in 1952, André Breton provoked a controversial incident by damaging a Palaeolithic wall painting that he suspected to be a fake. This episode provides an insight into the contested status of prehistoric sites in post-war France and the theoretical and ideological implications of their cultural mobilization. Such sites allowed for a disavowal of wartime trauma and supported the reaffirmation of French national identity and its civilizing mission by locating the birthplace of human culture on French soil. Yet (...)
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  48.  2
    Top-down synthesis of divide-and-conquer algorithms.Douglas R. Smith - 1985 - Artificial Intelligence 27 (1):43-96.
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  49.  7
    Editorial: The role of experience in children's language development: A cultural perspective.Douglas Sperry, Priya Shimpi, Eliana Colunga, Lulu Song & He Sun - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
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  50.  9
    Amy Baker Sandback, Looking Critically: 21 Years of Artforum Magazine.Douglas F. Stalker - 1986 - Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 44 (3):305-305.
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