새로운 사유의 힘, 자음과모음 뉴아카이브 총서 『성호, 세상을 논하다_성호 이익의 비망록, 성호사설을 다시 읽다』 출간 지난해 ‘뉴아카이브 총서’ 그리고 올 초 ‘하이브리드 총서’를 기획, 출간하며 인문서의 새로운 가능성을 모색한 자음과모음이 2011년 6월, 뉴아카이브 총서 세 번째 책『성호, 세상을 논하다_성호 이익의 비망록, 성호사설을 다시 읽다』를 출간했다. 그간 여러 저술을 통해 옛것의 가치를 되살려온 저자 강명관은 이 책에서 우리 고전 『성호사설』을 텍스트 삼아 지금까지의 작업을 이어가고, 또 넘어선다. 책은 조선 시대 실학자로 이름 높은 성호 이익의 저술 『성호사설』을 독자와 함께 읽어나가며 그 내용과 (...) 의미를 현대적으로 되살린다. 조선 사회를 바라보는 성호의 비판적인 시선과 이를 바라보는 저자의 비판적 시선이 교차하는 지점에서 고전은 ‘지금-여기’의 텍스트로 생생히 살아난다. 저자는 『성호사설』에 실린 글 중 성호의 사상과 저술의 특징을 잘 보여주면서도 조선이라는 특정한 사회상을 선명히 드러내는 글들을 골라 38개의 주제 아래 펼쳐놓는다. 문학에서 정치까지, 조선 시대 지식인의 날카로운 문제의식 『성호사설』은 누구나 한번쯤 들어봤을 유명한 고전이지만, 정작 읽은 이가 드물다. 고전을 지금의 삶에서 동떨어진 과거의 유물로 여기는 태도는 모든 것이 빠르게 바뀌는 현대 한국을 살아가는 사람들에게 어쩌면 당연한 것일지 모른다. 그러나 우리에게 고루한 고전인 이 글은 사실 당대 지식의 최전방에서 써진 글이다. 무려 3007편의 글을 모아 엮은 『성호사설』은 경전과 문학은 물론, 정치, 경제, 관직제도, 외교, 학문, 교육, 서양 소식, 천문, 지리, 전쟁, 무기, 종교, 이단, 풍수, 형벌, 도둑, 유민, 서얼, 노비, 여성, 성性, 의복, 음식, 주거 등 실로 조선사회의 전 국면을 망라하는 방대한 내용을 담고 있다. 『성호, 세상을 논하다』에서 저자 강명관은 한문으로 써진 어려운 고전을 쉽고 생동감 넘치게 풀어놓음으로써 과거와 오늘 사이에 놓인 벽을 허문다. 3007편 모두를 다루진 않고 그중 골자라고 할 만한 글들만을 재편하여 독자와 함께 읽어나가며, 그중에서도 특히 사회 부조리를 드러내는 글들을 주목한다. 책은 인간 성호를 엿볼 수 있는 글에서 시작한다. 1장에 모은 글에서는 학자이기 이전에 한 인간으로서 성호가 어떤 생각을 가지고 있었는지, 어떻게 생활했는지 살필 수 있다. 성호의 소박한 밥상이나 살림살이, 소일거리 등이 담백하게 드러난다. 이 책의 첫 번째 글이기도 한 ‘성호의 생명사상’에서 발견되듯 성호는 검소하고 소박한 삶을 추구했고 만물을 측은하고 공평하게 여겼다. 성호의 생명사상은 즉 만물에 대한 측은지심이며, 이는 백성과 가난한 자들을 살피는 마음으로 이어진다. 2장에서는 비평과 논평 등보다 본격적인 시선을 살펴볼 수 있는데, 백성의 삶과 고충에 대하여, 또 계급이나 제도에 따른 문제에 대하여, 법이나 풍속에 대하여 관찰한 다양한 글을 모았다. 때로 서릿발 같은 비판의 시선으로, 때로 따뜻한 포용의 시선으로 사회 각종군상을 관찰하고 논평한 글을 모은 이 장에서 독자는 성호의 주장뿐만 아니라 조선 시대의 생생한 사회상을 엿볼 수 있다. 백성들의 삶이 고통 받고 무너지는 이유에 대해 성호는 잘 알고 있었다. 사리사욕만을 추구하는 위정자들, 그리고 보다 근본적으로 그들이 권력을 행사하고 부를 착복할 수 있도록 보장된 사회 구조가 문제였다. 뒤이은 3장에서는 이러한 문제들과 그 원인들, 그리고 해결책이라 할 만한 치세와 정치론에 대한 글들을 엮었다. 이 장에 실린 글들은 붕당, 정치, 경제, 외교 등 국가 통치 전략과 구조적 문제들을 다루고 있고 벌열이 붕당으로 붕당이 전쟁으로 이어지는 흐름을 보여준다. 책의 구성은 원래 『성호사설』의 구성을 따르지 않았고, 오늘 날의 독자를 만나기 위해 이같이 새롭게 재편됐다. 『성호, 세상을 논하다』도 그렇거니와, 『성호사설』 자체도 경직되고 진지하기만 한 글은 아니다. 오히려 성호 자신은 이 책에 대하여 ‘한가할 적에 재미삼아서 쓴 글을 모은 것’이라고 하였다. 원래 『성호사설』의 글들은 일정한 목적과 체계 없이 자유롭게 써졌는데, 이러한 비체계성은 자유로운 글쓰기의 가능성을 유감없이 보여주며, 조선 시대 현실을 날카롭게 묘파한 한 지식인의 시선과 문제의식을 오롯이 드러낸다. 과거와 오늘을 관통하는 문제적 시선, 『성호사설』을 다시 읽다! 『성호, 세상을 논하다』는 조선 시대 대표 실학자 성호 이익의 저술 『성호사설』을 누구나 쉽게 읽을 수 있도록 풀어 소개하고 있고 그 내용을 오늘날의 시류에 비추어 전달하고 있다. 이제까지 독자들은 이 고전을 ‘이해하기’보다 ‘배우’며, ‘읽기’보다 ‘외우’며 피상적이고 딱딱한 정보만을 접했었다. 독서의 경험 없이 얻어진 죽은 지식들은 책이 어떤 내용인지 알기도 전에 단절감과 고정관념을 만들어 버렸고, 책과 독자를 멀리 떨어뜨려 놓았다. 강명관의 『성호, 세상을 논하다』는 그동안 우리가 고전에 가지고 있던 고정관념을 뛰어넘을 좋은 계기가 되어준다. 그러나, 이 고전을 박물된 과거의 유적이 아닌 오늘날의 살아있는 텍스트로 변모시키는 것은 무엇보다 성호와 저자의 ‘문제의식’이다. 성호의 문제의식이 벌열과 당파가 만연한 조선사회에 질문을 던지는 것이라면 저자의 전략은 이런 그의 시선을 통해 오늘날의 현실을 고발하는 것이다. 성호의 글들은 조선 사회를 읽는 기표이자 그 자체로 문제의식이지만 강명관의 전략점을 만나며 오늘날의 부조리를 읽어낼 기표가 된다. 오늘날의 칼럼을 연상시키며 당대성을 선명히 드러내는 성호의 글들을 읽으며 독자는 조선 사회라는 특정한 사회의 모습을 관찰할 뿐 아니라 그에 겹쳐지는 21세기 한국을 사는 우리들의 부조리를 읽어낸다. 이렇게 고전은 오늘날의 텍스트로 확장되며, 고전을 대하는 우리의 안일한 태도와 부조리를 외면하는 무관심한 태도에 일침을 놓는다. 한편, 실학자라는 인상에 갇혀 폭넓게 평가되지 못한 성호 이익 역시 이번 글을 통해 실학자로서의 면모뿐 아니라 제야의 지식인으로서, 유학자로서, 유교적 가부장제 안에서 나고 자란 조선남성으로서의 새로운 면모를 드러낸다. 그 중에는 우리가 개혁가라고 생각했던 성호에게서 연상할 수 없는 보수적인 주장이라던가, 소박한 생활인으로서의 모습 등도 있다. 이 책은 성호라는 한 조선의 지식인을 새롭게 조명하고, 그의 눈을 통해 조선이라는 특수한 사회와 그 이면의 문제들을 관찰하며 이를 오늘날의 문제로 되살리는 글이다. 저자의 이런 방법론은 과거와 오늘 사이의 단절을 해소시킬 뿐 아니라 ‘지금-여기’에 사는 우리들의 문제를 되짚어 보게 한다. 강명관의 『성호, 세상을 논하다』는 『성호사설』로 들어가는 첫 걸음일 뿐 아니라, 우리 고전에 다가가는 첫 걸음이 되어줄 것이다. (shrink)

While dynamic epistemic logics with common knowledge have been extensively studied, dynamic epistemic logics with distributed knowledge have so far received far less attention. In this paper we study extensions of public announcement logic ( $\mathcal{PAL }$ ) with distributed knowledge, in particular their expressivity, axiomatisations and complexity. $\mathcal{PAL }$ extended only with distributed knowledge is not more expressive than standard epistemic logic with distributed knowledge. Our focus is therefore on $\mathcal{PACD }$ , the result of adding both common and (...) distributed knowledge to $\mathcal{PAL }$ , which is more expressive than each of its component logics. We introduce an axiomatisation of $\mathcal{PACD }$ , which is not surprising: it is the combination of well-known axioms. The completeness proof, however, is not trivial, and requires novel combinations and extensions of techniques for dealing with $S5$ knowledge, distributed knowledge, common knowledge and public announcements at the same time. We furthermore show that $\mathcal{PACD }$ is decidable, more precisely that it is $\textsc {exptime}$ -complete. This result also carries over to $\mathcal{S 5\mathcal CD }$ with common and distributed knowledge operators for all coalitions (and not only the grand coalition). Finally, we propose a notion of a trans-bisimulation to generalise certain results and give deeper insight into the proofs. (shrink)

This study examines the relation between a firm’s business strategy and its corporate social responsibility performance. Using a comprehensive measure of business strategy based on the Miles and Snow theoretical framework, we find that firms following an innovation-oriented strategy are associated with better CSR performance than those following an efficiency-oriented strategy. Specifically, compared with defenders, prospectors engage in more socially responsible activities, fewer socially irresponsible activities, and perform better in both stakeholder- and third-party-related CSR areas. Taken together, our results suggest (...) that business strategy is an important determinant of CSR performance. Prospectors take advantage of CSR, as their innovation-oriented strategy allows them not only to benefit more from CSR, but also to have more tolerance for the uncertainty, risk, and long time-horizon associated with CSR engagement. (shrink)

The counterfactual account of physical computation is simple and, for the most part, very attractive. However, it is usually thought to trivialize the notion of physical computation insofar as it implies ‘limited pancomputationalism’, this being the doctrine that every deterministic physical system computes some function. Should we bite the bullet and accept limited pancomputationalism, or reject the counterfactual account as untenable? Jack Copeland would have us do neither of the above. He attempts to thread a path between the two horns (...) of the dilemma by buttressing the counterfactual account with extra conditions intended to block certain classes of deterministic physical systems from qualifying as physical computers. His theory is called the ‘algorithm execution account’. Here we show that the algorithm execution account entails limited pancomputationalism, despite Copeland’s argument to the contrary. We suggest, partly on this basis, that the counterfactual account should be accepted as it stands, pancomputationalist warts and all. (shrink)

Resumen: La variación lingüística es un fenómeno presente en casi todos los idiomas. Su interés para los estudios traductológicos es incuestionable. En el presente trabajo pretendemos investigar cómo se resuelven los problemas que plantea la variación lingüística para la traducción literaria chino-español. Con tal objetivo, hemos elegido la obra La casa de té y sus dos versiones de español como corpus de análisis. Partiendo de la hipótesis de que en la traducción de los elementos de la variación lingüística de esta (...) obra se recurre a la estandarización como solución traductora preferente, hemos analizado el corpus para obtener datos tanto cualitativos como cuantitativos. Los resultados nos permiten confirmar la hipótesis general, así como identificar las características específicas y problemas que presenta la traducción de la variación lingüística del chino al español. Abstract: Linguistic variation is a phenomenon present in almost all languages. Its importance for translation studies is unquestionable. In this paper, we intend to investigate how the problems posed by linguistic variation are solved for Chinese-Spanish literary translation. To this end, we have chosen the work Teahouse and its two Spanish versions as the corpus of analysis. Based on the hypothesis that in the translation of the elements of linguistic variation in this work, standardization is used as the preferred translation solution, we analyzed the corpus to obtain both qualitative and quantitative data. The results allow us to confirm the general hypothesis, as well as to identify the specific characteristics and problems presented by the translation of linguistic variation from Chinese into Spanish. (shrink)

BackgroundSerious ethical problems have been anecdotally identified in the care of children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which may negatively impact their moral experiences, defined as their sense of fulfillment towards personal values and beliefs.Research aimsTo explore children’s actual and desired participation in discussions, decisions, and actions in an OI hospital setting and their community using art-making to facilitate their self-expression.Research designA focused ethnography was conducted using the moral experiences framework with data from key informant interviews; participant observations, semi-structured interviews, and (...) practice-based research (art-making) with 10 children with OI; and local documents.Participants and research contextThe study was conducted at a pediatric, orthopedic hospital.Ethical considerationsThis study was approved by McGill University Institutional Review Board.Findings/resultsChildren expressed desires to participate in their care, but sometimes lacked the necessary resources and encouragement from healthcare providers. Art-making facilitated children’s voice and participation in health-related discussions.ConclusionsHealthcare providers are recommended to consider the benefits of art-making and educational resources to reduce discrepancies between children’s actual and desired participation in care and promote positive moral experiences. (shrink)

《武陵學刊》系“RCCSE中國核心學術期刊”“全國高校百強社科期刊”，其特色欄目“中華德文化研究”深入挖掘和整合中國傳統文化中的“德文化”資源，作者多為北京大學、南京大學、東南大學、中南大學、中山大學 、中南財經政法大學、江西師範大學、湖南師範大學等高校和科研院所的知名學者。本書即是該欄目中百余篇文章的精選，由善德文化、道德倫理基本問題、中國傳統道德文化、中國傳統道德的現代踐行、生態倫理、法治與德治 關等六編組成。.

A plurality or plural object is a single object that is also many, and pluralitism is the thesis that there is such an object. This paper argues that pluralitism and closely related theses (e.g., the many-one identity thesis and the composition as identity thesis) violate logic. To do so, it formulates an approach to the logic and semantics of plural constructions that results in plural logic and relates treatments of plural constructions to accounts of natural number. And it gives a (...) critical examination of Frege’s views of numbers and plural constructions, and sketches the view of plural constructions as devices for talking about the many (as such), and an account of natural numbers as properties of a special kind, plural properties. (shrink)

Storytelling is a mode of communication in human interaction and is pervasive in everyday life. Storytelling in marketing is also a managerial application as a marketing strategy. Researchers of consumer psychology and marketing have devoted great efforts to developing theories and conducting empirical studies on this approach. However, in addition to narrative theories, many researchers are mainly concerned about the effect of telling a good brand story and its applications, such as advertising design and presentation. However, for those products that (...) usually lack branding, such as agricultural products, knowledge remains scarce about the relative impact of storytelling in marketing. Few researchers have explicitly developed a valid tool for measuring the effect of storytelling in marketing. To aid storytelling research in consumer psychology, this article conceptualized a construct of the effectiveness of storytelling in agricultural marketing and developed a measure with further validation. This scale consisted of 13 items with four subscales: narrative processing, affect, brand attitude, and purchase intention. The findings of this study strongly supported a structural model with strong order among the four dimensions and good model fit. A discussion of the results and the theoretical and practical implications for consumer psychology and marketing practice are also addressed. (shrink)

In the face of challenging circumstances, many teachers turn to spirituality for sustenance and strength. Yet spirituality’s place in education and in educators’ lives has long been a matter of confusion and contention, not least because of the ambiguity of the term in its common usage. What is its relationship to religion? And what defines it? In this article, I submit that the later work of Michel Foucault offers a helpful approach to spirituality that displaces those questions—drawing attention away from (...) beliefs and/or attitudes professed, and towards the process of practical self-transformation that subjects undertake for the sake of a truth that is actualised in the body. To be spiritual in this sense is more a matter of what one does than what one believes or who one is. To offer a sense of why it matters in the lives of educators, I draw on the experiences of a San Diego high school teacher confronting interlocking personal, professional, and political challenges as a detailed example. (shrink)

We investigate cluster-delay synchronization of a directed network possessing cluster structures by designing an intermittent control protocol. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, we proved that synchronization can be realized for oscillators in the same cluster and cluster-delay synchronization can be realized for the whole network. By simplifying the obtained sufficient conditions, we carry out a succinct and utilitarian corollary. In addition, comparative researches are carried out to show the differences and the usefulness of the obtained results with respect to other (...) similar controllers from the recent literature. Finally we provide two numerical examples to show the effectiveness of the control schemes. (shrink)

WeChat is not only a mobile application with many innovative features but is also representative of China’s electronic revolution. It is compatible with more than 90% of smart phones and has become an indispensable tool for daily use. People are captivated by various types of WeChat voting and canvassing activities, but little research has investigated whether such voting is based on guanxi or justice. Are people truly willing to vote on WeChat? Is WeChat voting an effective means of acquaintance marketing? (...) In this research, three studies were conducted. First, 656 respondents were surveyed, and the results showed that more than 90% of WeChat users have participated in WeChat voting and that their voting behaviour is based on guanxi. Second, an online questionnaire was administered to 731 subjects, and the results were statistically analysed to determine whether voting behaviour is motivated by guanxi or by justice. The results showed that people’s behaviour deviates from their intention. Third, 676 subjects were investigated, and logistic regression was used to model and analyse the characteristics of voting participants. The many interesting findings reveal that men show more ‘empathy’ than women and that men are more likely to vote on WeChat based on reciprocity and intimacy. In addition, older people emphasize emotion, whereas students are more interested in fostering connections for the future. Inappropriate WeChat voting behaviour does not facilitate promotional marketing, damages the reputation of the company and reduces customer loyalty. These findings provide theoretical, methodological, and practical contributions to strategies for effective acquaintance marketing. (shrink)

A primary argument against the badness of death (known as the Symmetry Argument) appeals to an alleged symmetry between prenatal and posthumous nonexistence. The Symmetry Argument has posed a serious threat to those who hold that death is bad because it deprives us of life’s goods that would have been available had we died later. Anthony Brueckner and John Martin Fischer develop an influential strategy to cope with the Symmetry Argument. In their attempt to break the symmetry, they claim that (...) due to our preference of future experiential goods over past ones, posthumous nonexistence is bad for us, whereas prenatal nonexistence is not. Granting their presumption about our preference, however, it is questionable that prenatal nonexistence is not bad. This consideration does not necessarily indicate their defeat against the Symmetry Argument. I present a better response to the Symmetry Argument: the symmetry is broken, not because posthumous nonexistence is bad while prenatal nonexistence is not, but because (regardless as to whether prenatal nonexistence is bad) posthumous nonexistence is even worse. (shrink)

Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, Volume 31, Issue 2, Page 323-345, April 2022.

We clarify different definitions of the density matrix by proposing the use of different names, the full density matrix for a single-closed quantum system, the compressed density matrix for the averaged single molecule state from an ensemble of molecules, and the reduced density matrix for a part of an entangled quantum system, respectively. We show that ensembles with the same compressed density matrix can be physically distinguished by observing fluctuations of various observables. This is in contrast to a general belief (...) that ensembles with the same compressed density matrix are identical. Explicit expression for the fluctuation of an observable in a specified ensemble is given. We have discussed the nature of nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computing. We show that the conclusion that there is no quantum entanglement in the current nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computing experiment is based on the unjustified belief that ensembles having the same compressed density matrix are identical physically. Related issues in quantum communication are also discussed. (shrink)

This book gives a concise history of biophysics in contemporary China, from about 1949 to 1976. It outlines how a science specialty evolved from an ambiguous and amorphous field into a fully-fledged academic discipline in the socio-institutional contexts of contemporary China. The book relates how, while initially consisting of cell biologists, the Chinese biophysics community redirected their disciplinary priorities toward rocket science in the late 1950s to accommodate the national interests of the time. Biophysicists who had worked on biological sounding (...) rockets were drawn to the military sector and continued to contribute to human spaceflight in post-Mao China. Besides the rocket-and-space missions which provided the material context for biophysics to expand in the late 1950s and early 1960s, Chinese biophysicists also created research and educational programs surrounding biophysics by exploiting the institutional opportunities afforded by the policy emphasis on science's role to drive modernization. The book explores and demonstrates the collective achievements and struggles of Chinese biophysicists in building their scientific discipline. (shrink)

Radiobiology assesses the biological hazards of exposure to radioactive substances and nuclear radiation. This article explores the history of radiobiology in twentieth-century China by examining the overlapping of radium research and biophysics, from roughly the 1920s Nationalist period to the 1960s Communist period; from the foreign purchase of radium by the Rockefeller Foundation’s China Medical Board during the Republican era, to the institutional establishment of radiobiology as a subset of biophysics in the People’s Republic. Western historiography of radiobiology highlights the (...) connection between the military development of nuclear weapons and the civilian use of radiation in biology, as well as the international export of radioisotopes and nuclear reactors. Considering the exclusion of China from Western atomic diplomacy, I argue that the study of the Chinese history of bomb-making and radiobiology is necessary not just to fill an existing knowledge gap, but more importantly to elucidate the influence of the Chinese nuclear weapons program and Cold War atomic politics on Chinese life-science enterprises. Through examining the formational history of the radiobiology program in China, I hope to shed light on the implications of the atomic age for Chinese biology in the twentieth century. (shrink)

Radiobiology assesses the biological hazards of exposure to radioactive substances and nuclear radiation. This article explores the history of radiobiology in twentieth-century China by examining the overlapping of radium research and biophysics, from roughly the 1920s Nationalist period to the 1960s Communist period; from the foreign purchase of radium by the Rockefeller Foundation’s China Medical Board during the Republican era, to the institutional establishment of radiobiology as a subset of biophysics in the People’s Republic. Western historiography of radiobiology highlights the (...) connection between the military development of nuclear weapons and the civilian use of radiation in biology, as well as the international export of radioisotopes and nuclear reactors. Considering the exclusion of China from Western atomic diplomacy, I argue that the study of the Chinese history of bomb-making and radiobiology is necessary not just to fill an existing knowledge gap, but more importantly to elucidate the influence of the Chinese nuclear weapons program and Cold War atomic politics on Chinese life-science enterprises. Through examining the formational history of the radiobiology program in China, I hope to shed light on the implications of the atomic age for Chinese biology in the twentieth century. (shrink)

In this essay, I develop the concept of episodic value, which describes a form of value connected to a particular object or individual expressed and delivered through a narrative. Narrative can bestow special kinds of value on objects, as exemplified by auction articles or museum collections. To clarify the nature of episodic value, I show how the notion of episodic value fundamentally differs from the traditional axiological picture. I extend my discussion of episodic value to argue that the notion of (...) episodic value readily incorporates the role of narratives into the construction of identity in personal and social contexts. My main contentions are twofold. First, events or experiences from our personal narratives are episodically valuable insofar as they contribute to shaping our narrative identities. Second, when engaged in a collective action, we write a joint narrative with other participants that confers special meanings on the actions of each participant. (shrink)

This article examines the traditional and modern doctrines of categorical propositions and argues that both doctrines have serious problems. While the doctrines disagree about existential imports...

As more and more scholars deepened the study of the Dunhuang version of The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, many significant research questions were raised. The questions such as when the book was completed, who actually wrote the book, and the historical authenticity of Huineng’s story, especially his identity of the Sixth Patriarch, were extensively discussed and questioned by many scholars. This essay attempts to conduct a more profound analysis and thinking based on the current academic studies with respect (...) to this historical book, and seeks to critically and profoundly rethink the methods of contemporary criticism concerning religious studies. (shrink)

Psychological Sequentialism holds that no causal constraint is necessary for the preservation of what matters in survival; rather, it is sufficient for preservation if two groups of mental states are similar enough and temporally close enough. Suppose one’s body is instantaneously dematerialized and subsequently, by an amazing coincidence, a group of molecules are configured to form a qualitatively identical human body. On this view, these events preserve what matters in survival. Despite its unpopularity, several philosophers have argued for this view. (...) One of the main arguments is that a psychologically sequential person is bound to have the same psychological traits and inclinations, and thus preserves what matters in the original person’s survival. In this paper, I argue that this argument fails to establish that no causal constraint is necessary. I also argue that if sequentialism is true, I should be content with the prospect of my bodily destruction followed by the creation of a series of short-lived beings whose mental states are sequential to mine. I suggest that the implausibility of this implication is sufficient to reject the view. (shrink)

This review examined the studies on the role of technology-based English as a foreign language academic motivation. A significant positive correlation between academic motivation and educational technology use has been approved in related studies. However, there is a dire need for studying the effect of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning and Computer-Assisted Language Learning on learners’ motivation. The literature showed that purposeful attractiveness, effectiveness, and usefulness of digital instruments can positively affect learner motivation. There are also some reasons for increasing learner motivation (...) in educational technology contexts, such as learners’ integration with the community, familiarising with different societies and cultures, input flooding opportunities, engagement in academic contexts, and interaction with native speakers. In the end, the paedagogical implications are expounded to promote the learners’ grit and diminish anxiety for better performance. This review also provides suggestions for further research to clarify our perspective on emotional variables like motivation. (shrink)

Psychological Sequentialism holds that no causal constraint is necessary for the preservation of what matters in survival; rather, it is sufficient for preservation if two groups of mental states are similar enough and temporally close enough. Suppose that one’s body is instantaneously dematerialized and subsequently, by an amazing coincidence, a collection of molecules is configured to form a qualitatively identical human body. According to Psychological Sequentialism, these events preserve what matters in survival. In this article, I examine some of the (...) main arguments for the view and argue that they fail to establish that no causal constraint is necessary. I also argue that Psychological Sequentialism yields implausible consequences that render it hard to accept the view. (shrink)

This study examines the degree of state ownership on corporate bribery. Integrating the theories of state ownership and corporate corruption, we propose that state ownership influences bribery propensity and bribery intensity in different ways; it lowers a firm’s tendency to pay bribes but increases the relative amount of bribery payment. Building on the control rights/bargaining hypotheses, we demonstrate that state ownership shields firms from bribery demands by reducing administrative hurdles that include bureaucratic requirements of obtaining licenses or settling taxes in (...) business operations. However, state ownership elevates the level of bribes by weakening their capital mobility. Using a sample of 23,018 firms from 54 countries covering 2006 to 2013, we find evidence to support our hypotheses. This article contributes to corruption research by drawing attention to an important channel of corruption and by highlighting the importance of considering not only the propensity but also the intensity of bribe payments. (shrink)

AimsA negative association between the lower level of psychological resilience and increased risk of compassion fatigue and higher Coronavirus disease 2019 stress has been revealed. However, bibliometric studies have not been performed to comprehensively investigate this topic. This study aimed to identify the status and trends in the CF and PR field from 2008 to 2021 and during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe identified relevant literature from the Web of Science Core Collection® database using “resilience” and “compassion fatigue” on September 30, 2021. (...) All search results were exported in plain text format for collaboration network analysis, reference-based co-citation analysis, analysis of journals, and keywords-based co-occurrence analysis, which were performed using Citespace® 5.8.R1.ResultsA total of 388 publications were identified finally, and there has been an increasing trend in the annual number of publications with light fluctuations. The analysis of journals and keywords indicated that nurses and social workers are the main research targets, and their mental problems are the main research topics. The turnover intention of health care providers has been a research focus, particularly during the COVID-19.ConclusionThe results of the present study help us understand the status of the CF and PR field and its recent developments. (shrink)

China has seen rapid economic development as well as severe environmental degradation over the past two decades. Although the Chinese government has made a great effort to provide environmental protection, it has been stymied by China’s economic development pattern, which follows the traditional industrialization mode of low efficiency in resource use and considerable pollutant discharge. In other words, China achieved its rapid economic growth at the cost of depleting natural resources and environmental quality. Should comprehensive and effective actions not be (...) undertaken in the next 15 years, the pollution pressures will exceed China’s environmental carrying capacity and lead to an irreversible environmental crisis. Should this occur, environmental issues would become not only the greatest obstacle to China’s achievement of a xiao kang society and undermine China’s international image, but would also have a severe effect on the global environment. (shrink)