Descartes, one of the 17th century philosophers, likens philosophy to a tree in the context of the classification of sciences. According to him, philosophy is a tree: roots are metaphysics, body is physics and branches are medicine, mechanics and ethics. This classification is also called as the tree of philosophy and it symbolizes the scientific paradigm of the Cartesian tradition and therefore the modern philosophy in general. Descartes' famous tree was shaken with a heavy question asked three centuries later by (...) the German philosopher Heidegger. Heidegger asks the French philosopher: “What is the soil of the Philosophy tree?”. We want to go back in time before Descartes, keeping this challenging question of Heidegger and aiming to find the answer given by the famous Ottoman scholar Tashkubrizadah. In his three-volume work called as Miftâh al-Sa‘âdah, Tashkubrizadah sets out a very distinctive classification of ‘ulûm that have not seen before. What also attracts our attention here is that Tashkubrizadah also draws a tree symbol just like Descartes in his classification. We see this foundation in the section headings of his work. These headings also have a special importance in terms of showing the boundaries and depth of Ottoman ‘ilm tradition. (shrink)

This paper provides an exploratory comparative assessment of the institutional pressures influencing corporate social responsibility in a developed country, UK, vs. a developing country, Brazil, based on a survey of different actors. Information on sustainability concerns, organizational strategies and mechanisms of pressure was collected through interviews with environmental regulatory agencies, financial institutions, media and non-governmental organizations. Our results confirm that the more advanced awareness and CSR responsiveness in the UK is a consequence of a predominance of coercive and normative forces (...) on the organizational field. The institutional forces tend to build a Brazilian organizational field that is relational based and risk intensive. The findings lend support to the view that CSR responses are unlikely to be easily transformed into uniform standardized practices across the globe. This paper contributes to a collective understanding of the organizational field and a common template for CSR in the context of developed and developing countries. (shrink)

Intersectionality is the notion that concerns the complexity of the experiences of individuals in virtue of their belonging to multiple socially significant categories. One of its main insights is that the way society is structured around categories such as gender, race, sexuality, class, etc., produces distinctive and specific forms of discrimination and privilege for groups in the intersections. In this paper, we suggest conceiving intersectionality as a general metaphysical framework wherein specific claims to the effect that the experiences of discrimination (...) of Black women, among others, can be fruitfully formulated and examined. The main claim is that intersectional experiences emerge from the conjunction of social categories when social structures make them relevant vis-à-vis discrimination and privilege. We then argue that our view has three main virtues: metaphysical neutrality, explanatory flexibility and methodological openness. Explaining these virtues will allow us to contrast our proposal with alternatives from the recent literature. (shrink)

Compuesto por capítulos de diferentes especialistas en los estudios literarios que laboran en universidades de México, Europa y Estados Unidos, el libro Literatura aplicada en el siglo XXI: ideas y prácticas es el resultado de una invitación y de un esfuerzo para reflexionar sobre las posibilidades epistémicas del fenómeno literario como creación, recreación y programación. Parte de cuestionarse si el binomio clásico de estudiar/aprender ha perdido su sentido en la era de la tecnificación cibernética, es decir, de la inteligencia artificial (...) y de la paulatina robotización del mundo. Puesto que los algoritmos ya leen y escriben automáticamente, y son capaces de combinaciones y hasta de generar narrativas, nos pareció necesaria una mayor sensibilización de la palabra consciente. Una reflexión de la educación poética para diferenciarnos de las máquinas y también para entender su funcionamiento, así como reestablecer la reflexión o diálogo de los creadores con los críticos, y de los promotores de lectura con los teóricos de la lectura. Tal restablecimiento debería ser el desafío de los estudios literarios (universitariamente entendidos) en lo que resta del siglo XXI. De esta forma, los ensayos aquí reunidos hacen referencia a autores y obras del siglo XX y aun de otras centurias, pero con la intención de reflexionar sobre su aplicación en lo que va del presente siglo. (shrink)

On the fundamentals of Hindu philosophy and doctrines.

On the propagation and preaching in Islam against evil deeds and on the process of accountability in Islam.

al-juzʼ 1. al-Mushkilāt al-falsafīyah -- al-juzʼ 2. Taṭawwur manāhij al-ʻulūm.

O artigo pretende contribuir com as discussões sobre o ensino de filosofia, partilhando achados de uma pesquisa realizada com duas turmas de estudantes universitários na disciplina de Estética (Curso de Música -Licenciatura). As inovações metodológicas aplicadas nas turmas buscaram valorizar o ensino de filosofia em diálogo permanente com as vivências cotidianas e artísticas dos estudantes através de atividades em sala sistematicamente vinculadas aos temas previstos no programa da disciplina. Os resultados dos dados apontaram que as estratégias metodológicas de ensino utilizadas (...) na disciplina tiveram impacto positivo para o engajamento dos discentes, atuando desenvolvimento de sua criticidade e criatividade. (shrink)

This paper analyses the role of foreign and local companies in shaping Brazilian positions on global sustainability. It deals with an empirical investigation of CSR practices of firms from the electronics, food, and personal care sectors in response to pressures of 'market' and 'non-market' stakeholders. The results demonstrate that CSR decisions by foreign and local firms are triggered by organisational considerations and anticipated economic gains. The degree of implementation of CSR activities by foreign firms is more advanced than that of (...) local firms. The survey also confirms the hypothesis that market stakeholders exert pressure on companies and positively influence CSR. Non-market stakeholders seem to have a minor effect on corporate social responsibility decisions. We conclude that the institutional environment is a critical determinant of the extent to which the dialogue between stakeholders and companies leads to the attainment of sustainable development. (shrink)

Teknikens skugga -- Ett sublimt mellan -- Tiden i formen -- Fenomenets blick -- Om bild -- Tolkningsfigurer -- Abstraktioner -- Anteckningar -- Det omåttligas måleri -- Att tänka i skisser.

This is an edited collection of original essays that combine philosophy, phenomenology, and literature to reflect on modern ideas about orientation and disorientation, grounds and groundlessness.

A pandemia ainda está presente no cotidiano. Isto faz com que a reflexão sobre ela seja essencial para problematizar nosso modo de vida e nossos direcionamentos éticos. Este escrito pretende pensar o modo de organização capitalista como gerador de pandemias. Como sistema que age a partir do modus operandi predatório, o capitalismo oferece grandes possibilidades para liberação e circulação de patógenos, bem como sua mutação. A partir das pesquisas do filogeógrafo Rob Wallace, apresentaremos como o atual modo de produção se (...) constitui o principal responsável pela crise pandêmica. Isto nos leva a indagar sobre um outro ethos possível. Que alternativa ética pode se contrapor ao ethos capitalista? Há algum princípio fundamental que possa guiar a ação em contraposição ao modelo atual? Nosso objetivo será estabelecer a ética do cuidado como esse modelo capaz de se pôr contrário ao padrão predatório e competitivo do capitalismo. (shrink)

Contributed articles chiefly on philosophy; memorial volume in honor of Mafizuddin Ahmed, b. 1927, professor of philosophy and writer from Rājshāhi District, Bangladesh; includes some articles on his life and work.

O presente livro é o relato de um percurso que se foi traçando ao longo de anos a dialogar com Espinosa. Um dos fios que permite estabelecer o encadeamento destes escritos é o das solicitações, académicas ou outras, a que eles correspondem. É uma trama que se entretece com a disposição interna que presidiu à sua escrita - a felicidade de ler e interpretar Espinosa, o filósofo que defende a benignidade das paixões alegres e que se propõe encontrar neste mundo (...) o verdadeiro bem, susceptível de proporcionar 'a fruição eterna da suprema e contínua alegria'. (shrink)

Islam and politics in Iran; and on philosophy of political science.

Abraham (Biblical patriarch); Muḥammad, Prophet, d. 632; Muslim scholars; Muslim leaders; biography; miscellaneous.

On human values and norms, their different kinds and theories are discussed in historical perspective.

Abridged version of Advaitabrahmasiddhi of Madhusūdana Sarasvatī, fl. 1780, work on Advaita philosophy.