Bedtime procrastination is generally considered to be a maladaptive behavior. However, BP may be an adaptive fast LH strategy within the LH framework, and further, personal beliefs about their abilities and resources promote this fast LH strategy. Here, the present study addressed this idea, focusing on the effect of self-efficacy on BP, the mediation of harm avoidance, and the moderation of novelty seeking. Data from 552 Chinese university students were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS Macro. Results indicated that (...) HA partially mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and BP. Main interactional effects have been observed when NS is introduced in the model as a moderator. Implications and limitations of the study and suggestions for further study are discussed. (shrink)

Do people share their feelings of guilt with others and, if so, what are the reasons for doing this or not doing this? Even though the social sharing of negative emotional experiences, such as regret, has been extensively studied, not much is known about whether people share feelings of guilt and why. We report three studies exploring these questions. In Study 1, we re-analysed data about sharing guilt experiences posted on a social website called “Yahoo Answers”, and found that people (...) share intrapersonal as well as interpersonal guilt experiences with others online. Study 2 found that the main motivations of sharing guilt (compared with the sharing of regret) were “venting”, “clarification and meaning”, and “gaining advice”. Study 3 found that people were more likely to share experiences of interpersonal guilt and more likely to keep experiences of intrapersonal guilt to themselves. Together, these studies contribute to a further understanding of the social sharing of the emotion guilt. (shrink)

Offers the first focused study of the shifei debates of the Warring States period in ancient China and challenges the imposition of Western conceptual categories onto these debates. In recent decades, a growing concern in studies in Chinese intellectual history is that Chinese classics have been forced into systems of classification prevalent in Western philosophy and thus imperceptibly transformed into examples that echo Western philosophy. Lin Ma and Jaap van Brakel offer a methodology to counter this approach, and illustrate their (...) method by carrying out a transcultural inquiry into the complexities involved in understanding shi and fei and their cognate phrases in the Warring States texts, the Zhuangzi in particular. The authors discuss important features of Zhuangzi’s stance with regard to language-meaning, knowledge-doubt, questioning, equalizing, and his well-known deconstruction of the discourse in ancient China on shifei. Ma and van Brakel suggest that shi and fei apply to both descriptive and prescriptive languages and do not presuppose any fact/value dichotomy, and thus cannot be translated as either true/false or right/wrong. Instead, shi and feican be grasped in terms of a pre-philosophical notion of fitting. Ma and van Brakel also highlight Zhuangzi’s idea of “walking-two-roads” as the most significant component of his stance. In addition, they argue that all of Zhuangzi’s positive recommendations are presented in a language whose meaning is not fixed and that every stance he is committed to remains subject to fundamental questioning as a way of life. (shrink)

Accurate wind speed forecasting is an effective way to improve the safety and stability of power grid. A novel hybrid model based on twice decomposition, phase space reconstruction, and an improved multiverse optimizer-extreme learning machine is proposed to enhance the performance of short-term wind speed forecasting in this paper. In consideration of the nonstationarity of the wind speed signal, a twice decomposition based on improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise, fuzzy entropy, and variational mode decomposition is proposed (...) to reduce the nonstationarity of the original signal firstly. Then the PSR based on C-C method is employed to reconstitute the decomposed signal as the input of the prediction model. Lastly, an improved multiverse optimizer is proposed to improve the stability and efficiency of ELM which is used as prediction model. Furthermore, two experiments are designed to verify the performance of the proposed method; the results indicate that the wind speed forecasting with twice decomposition of original wind speed signal is better than other once-decomposition methods and much better than forecasting without decomposition; the C-C-PSR method can determine the input dimension of ELM and improve the prediction accuracy of ELM; the IMVO has improved the stability of ELM, and the optimization efficiency is better than other comparison optimization methods. The results show that the proposed hybrid approach is a useful tool for short-term wind speed forecasting. (shrink)

Punning is an important means of creating humorous effects by intentionally exploiting semantic ambiguity. Previous psycholinguistic research on puns has mainly focused on the process of meaning retrieval in homograph puns, while it is still not entirely clear how readers dynamically utilize contextual information to understand homophone puns. In the current investigation, 68 native Chinese participants were recruited to read three types of experimental sentences while their eye movements were recorded: the homophone-pun sentences where the less salient homophone was visually (...) presented, the homophone-salient sentences where the salient homophone was used, and the homophone-error sentences where the critical context noun in the homophone puns was replaced with an unrelated word. Humor rating results of the homophone puns and the homophone-salient sentences demonstrated that the less salient homophones rather than the salient ones elicited much larger humor responses when presented visually in the same potential pun context. In addition, the reverse fixation pattern in the homophone area and the spill-over region also suggested that meanings of the salient homophones were more recoverable even when not presented visually. Statistical analyses of the homophone puns and the homophone-error sentences showed that the semantic relatedness between the critical context noun and the less salient homophone could significantly predict the humor rating scores of Chinese readers. Taken together, less salient homophones need to receive more contextual support to balance out the advantages of salient homophones before generating a humorous pun interpretation. (shrink)

Since March 14, 2020, Spanish citizens have been confined to their homes due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participating in musical activities has been associated with reduced anxiety and increased subjective wellbeing. The aim of this study is to analyze how Spanish citizens used music during the lockdown period. We also study perceptions of the impact music has in everyday life, in particular examining the respondents’ insights into the effects of listening to music in situations of isolation. The (...) study was conducted using the MUSIVID19 questionnaire administered to a total of 1868 Spanish citizens. The results indicate that during lockdown, respondents perceived an increase in the time they devoted to musical activities such as listening, singing, dancing or playing an instrument. The participants also reported using music to cope with the lockdown, finding that it helped them to relax, escape, raise their mood or keep them company. The findings suggest an improvement in their perception of the value of music in personal and social wellbeing during the lockdown. However, the study reveals significant differences in the use and perceptions of music according to respondents’ personal situations. Age and feelings of vulnerability may lead to more conservative uses of musical practice and to more moderate perceptions of the positive values of music. (shrink)

The Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2009 exacerbated two distinct concerns about the independence of central banks: a concern about legitimacy and a concern about economic justice. This paper explores the legitimacy of independent central banks from the perspective of these two concerns, by presenting two distinct models of central banking and their different claims to political legitimacy and distributive justice. I argue primarily that we should avoid construing central bank independence in binary terms, such that central banks either are, or (...) are not, independent. I will argue that we should instead construe central bank independence in scalar terms, so that independence admits of degree, thus allowing us to develop an account of independence in which central banks can retain it to the extent necessary for economic efficiency, while meeting reasonable concerns regarding democratic legitimacy and economic justice. (shrink)

al-Juzʼ al-awwal. Dirāsāt fī al-manṭiq wa-falsafat al-ʻulūm -- al-juzʼ al-thānī. Dirāsāt fī al-manhaj wa-al-ʻilm al-ʻArabī.

Integration und Desintegration sind ein zentrales Thema der Geisteswissenschaften. Auf makropolitischer Ebene gilt das besondere Interesse dem Entstehen und Vergehen von Staaten, entscheiden sich doch hiermit existenzielle Fragen des Seins einer politischen Gemeinschaft. Auf mikropolitischer Ebene geht es um die Frage, inwieweit dem Bürger "aufgegeben" ist, sich in Gesellschaft und Staat zu integrieren. Supranationalisierung und Globalisierung lassen die Kraft des Nationalstaates schwinden. Dem Übergang der Moderne in die Postmoderne entspricht der Übergang von der Welt der Staaten mit ihren durch Grenzen (...) abgeschlossenen Territorien zur Welt der Kontinente, Gemeinschaften und Netzwerke. Doch gibt es viele Stimmen, die meinen, der Staat sei auf absehbare Zeit nicht wegzudenken und als politische Gemeinschaft zu schützen.Werner Mäder ist anderer Auffassung: "Deutschland ist kein Staat mehr..." lautet sein Befund. Der Autor zieht Parallelen zu Hegels Schrift "Kritik der Verfassung Deutschlands" aus dem Jahre 1801 und seinen Kriterien des Staates. Nach Mäder ist das Grundgesetz nur noch eine "Gedankenverfassung", seine fundamentalen Voraussetzungen Staat, Souveränität, Nation, Volk und Demokratie substanziell ausgezehrt. Für Europa bedeutet dies, sich mit eigener Identität selbst zu behaupten, um den Souveränitätsverlust seiner Länder auszugleichen und auf eine neue Multipolarität der internationalen Beziehungen hinzuarbeiten. (shrink)

本书是在总结作者近年来发表的论文的基础上写成的。全书共分三部分,第一部分是矩阵对策上的计策理论;第二部分是连续对策上的计策理论;第三部分是有限人对策上的计策理论.

本书从宇宙太空、万物之始、原子物理、人体生命、社会结构等多维度、多层面剖解世界与人生,辨物析理。.

Im 20. Jahrhundert galt es sowohl im Marxismus als auch unter seinen Gegnern als ausgemachte Sache, dass das Werk von Karl Marx eine anspruchsvolle Theorie der Geschichte enthält, die von einer starken optimistischen Grundstimmung getragen wird. Oft hielt man sie für einen als Wissenschaft verkleideten Entwurf einer idealen Zukunftsgesellschaft, für eine Heilslehre. Umso erstaunlicher ist es daher, dass eine gründliche Erforschung des Marxschen Fortschrittsdenkens bislang noch aussteht. Denis Mäders Studie analysiert das moderne Fortschrittsdenken und die zeitgenössische Diskussion desselben. Vor diesem (...) Hintergrund rekonstruiert sie die Entstehung eines originären Fortschrittsbegriffs, den Marx in kritischer Auseinandersetzung mit seinem philosophischen Milieu (vor allem mit Hegel, den Hegelianern und Proudhon) gewinnt. Fortschritt ist die historische Bewegung des Guten. Zugleich aber gibt es für den Dialektiker Marx ohne Gegensatz keinen historischen Fortschritt. Fortschritt bildet für ihn die Möglichkeit positiver Entwicklung, ohne andersartige oder gegenläufige Entwicklungsformen darin aufzuheben. (shrink)

本书以对道德的重视和人的觉醒为二大主线, 揭示了春秋时期思想文化的转型以及这一转型对儒学的形成及其对整个中国古代思想文化基本特征确立的历史意义.

Commentary on Sakya Pandita's Tshad ma rigs gter; includes root text.

Translator's introduction -- Mir Damad's introduction -- 1st qabas. On the kinds of creation (huduth) and the divisions of existence according to them, establishing the bases of judgment, and defining the area of dispute -- 2nd qabas. On the three kinds of essential antecedence and constructing the demonstration by way of essential priority (taqaddum bi'l-dhat) -- 3rd qabas. The two kinds of separate posteriority and constituting the demonstration by way of eternal priority -- 4th qabas. Quotations from the book of (...) god and the traditions of his messenger, and from the traditions of the lofty and pure imams -- 5th qabas. Concerning the mode of existence of the unqualified natures and the path of the demonstration by the mode of the existence of the nature -- 6th qabas. On the continuity of time and motion; setting up the course of the demonstration with respect to the continuity of the magnitude of time according to the natural system in two ways; establishing the finitude of extended continuous quantity; and invalidating a numerical infinity -- With respect to successive temporal creatures -- 7th qabas. A series of abridged arguments, unsound dialectical arguments, and criticism of certain syllogisms and controversial sophistical doubts according to the two extremes of the two groups -- 8th qabas. Inquiry into the power of God and his will after completing what remains in the care of the intellect, through the use of decisive utterance, to solve some of the difficulties and dilemmas caused by doubt and the confusions arising from idle fancies -- 9th qabas. On establishing the intelligible substances and the stages of the system of existence in the two chains of beginning and return -- 10th qabas. The decisive doctrine on the secret of predetermination (qada') and fate (qadar), how evil is related to predetermination, the colocynth of truth on prayer and its granting, and the return of the command to god in the beginning and the end -- Glossary-- Bibliography. (shrink)

内容:外来冲击与传统中国道德伦理观的回应, 重商行为下的价值紊乱, 道德革命与政治革命, 文化断层与道德真空, 革命道德与道德革命等.

包括: 青年马克思恩格斯怎样成为青年黑格尔主义者, 对青年黑格尔运动作出了哪些理论贡献, 又如何脱离青年黑格尔主义和转向社会主义.

马克昌(1926~ ),武汉大学法学院教授博士研究生导师,中国法学会常务理事,中国法学会刑法学研究会副总干事.