L’absence de déterminant sur un groupe nominal est une construction linguistique que l’on retrouve dans différentes langues à article, selon différentes contraintes, et avec différents effets sémantiques et/ou pragmatiques. En fonction de la langue considérée et du co-/contexte, l’absence soit de déterminant, soit de signe actualisateur au niveau du groupe nominal donne lieu à des effets de sens très variés : absence de localisation spatiotemporelle explicite, avec par exemple un sens génériq...

Among the most harrowing visuals of Britain’s ongoing ‘cost of living crisis’ are the security tags that began to appear on cheese, butter, chicken, sweets and infant formula milk in 2022. A week’s worth of formula milk—the sole or main food of the vast majority of infants for the first 6 months of life—now costs between £9.39 and £15.95.1 Low-income households are entitled to a ‘Healthy Start’ welfare payment, intended to avert malnutrition among the poorest children, but the weekly allowance (...) is just £8.50.2 There are reports of parents watering down formula, skipping or limiting feeds and initiating early weaning, all of which jeopardise the health of infants, with potentially lifelong consequences.3 No determinant of health is more critical than food. A 2019 study found that diet is the most significant risk factor for non-communicable disease, and that one in five deaths globally could be prevented by improving nutrition.4 Globally, 1 in 10 people cannot meet their daily energy needs,1 and the proportion of undernourished people is rising.5 In more than 50 countries, most of them in Africa, over a quarter of children are stunted or wasted due to undernourishment, with long-term effects on their cognitive and physical development. These are not problems of absolute scarcity; enough food is produced globally to feed ten billion people.6 In the UK, there is, at any given moment, sufficient food on supermarket shelves to meet the calorie and nutrient needs of the population. Yet the equivalent of nearly 200 million meals a year are discarded,7 while almost a quarter …. (shrink)

For almost 40 years, a specific form of brand management with scientific and practical resonance has been evolving in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland – along with a multitude of microeconomic schools and authors. This form of brand management goes by the term “Brand Sociology” and sees the brand as a Gestalt system of alliances. Brand Sociology fills a gap in the classical economic approach and makes it possible to understand the central target variables of brand management as social dynamics and (...) to direct them in a targeted manner. The following article traces for the first time the foundations and history of a Gestalt sociological approach to brand research and relates its contribution in the field of interplay between Gestalt research, sociology, and identity-based brand economics. (shrink)

This study aims to use the Asian knowledge model “APO” as a determinant for performance excellence in universities and identifying the most effecting factors on it. This study was applied on Al-Azhar University in Gaza strip. The result of the study showed that (APO) model is valid as a measure and there are four dimensions in the model affecting significantly more than the others (university processes, KM leadership, personnel, KM outputs). Furthermore, performance excellence produced though modernizing the means of education, (...) curriculum development, technology and flexibility in the organizational structure. The study recommends expanding the usage of (APO) model, enhancing the role of knowledge leadership, technology, organizational flexibility, sharing culture and incentive systems that encouraging innovation. (shrink)

For many citizens, news media are the most important source of information about relevant political topics and actors. As a consequence, it is crucial to investigate who gains media coverage and why. Leaning on two classic news sourcing criteria, suitability and availability, we claim that issue owners can be seen as good news sources. By combining a content analysis of television news with data collected through a journalist survey, we investigate whether issue ownership is a determinant of political parties’ news (...) coverage. Results confirm that issue ownership is a predictor of parties’ news coverage, even when controlling for ministerial competences. (shrink)

El presente artículo pretende destacar que las respuestas afectivas de los seres humanos ante la realidad son constitutivas de los juicios morales desde dos perspectivas: a) un ordo amoris objetivo con funciones normativas; b) un ordo amoris descriptivo que explica las variaciones en los juicios morales. El problema filosófico consiste en que la descripción de la afectividad suele ser abordada por ciencias empíricas y es parte de la casuística. Pero, desde la perspectiva fenomenológica de Max Scheler se hace posible su (...) abordaje filosófico, sin caer en la casuística. De modo análogo, a lo que sucede en la lógica y su tratamiento de las falacias, la axiología fenomenológica puede describir la afectividad en busca de aquellos elementos que distorsionan el juicio moral. This article aims to emphasize that affective responses of human beings to reality are constitutive of moral judgments from two perspectives: a) an objective ordo amoris with normative functions; b) a descriptive ordo amoris, which explains the variety of moral judgments. The philosophical problem consists in the fact that description of affectivity is usually examined by empirical sciences and is part of casuistry. But from the point of view of Max Scheler’s phenomenology it is possible to study this issue without the tendency to casuistry. In a similar way to logic and its dealing with fallacies, phenomenological axiology is able describe emotions seeking those elements that distort moral judgment. (shrink)

It has been suggested that preparing to teach and teaching are conditionally effective in enhancing one’s own learning. This paper focuses on interactivity—the level of teacher-student interaction in expected or actual teaching—as the potential key to understanding and controlling the variability in the effectiveness of learning by preparing to teach and teaching. By summarizing and reanalyzing the results of previous studies, I suggest that the learning benefits of studying with the expectation of direct teaching (i.e., teaching a student face-to-face) are (...) greater than those of studying with the expectation of indirect teaching (i.e., teaching a student indirectly by creating a lecture video, providing written explanations, or using other means) and that learning by direct teaching surpasses learning by explaining to oneself or indirect teaching at least after preparing to do so. Next, three candidate explanations for the impact of interactivity are discussed: the advantages of asking and answering questions, obtaining additional information about and from one’s student, and enhancing one’s motivation to process learning material deeply while preparing to teach and teaching. Finally, I conclude with the remaining questions and directions for future research. (shrink)

Ss, holding either extreme or moderate initial attitudes, wrote counterattitudinal essays in a test of contradictory hypotheses derived from Festinger’s cognitive dissonance theory and Bem’s self-perception theory. The results indicated, as predicted by dissonance theory, that Ss holding extreme initial attitudes showed more attitude change after counterattitudinal advocacy than Ss holding moderate initial attitudes. It was demonstrated that the results were not due to regression effects, to the production of differentially persuasive essays across the extremity conditions, or to the fact (...) that Ss holding extreme attitudes had more ’’room for. (shrink)

Two sample populations, one refugee and one resident, were studied. The frequencies of consanguineous marriages came out to be 49·8% and 55·4%, respectively, for the refugees and the residents. Caste endogamy was dominant both in the residents and the refugees. The mean coefficient of inbreeding was calculated to be 0·0303 for the refugee population and 0·0332 for the resident population samples. First cousin marriage was the dominant type of marriage in both samples; fathers daughter (FBD) marriage was more frequent among (...) the refugees while mothers daughter (MBD) marriage was more frequent among the residents. Education has no decreasing effect on the incidence of consanguineous marriages. A significant difference in the pattern of marriages in the refugees is observed after the Saur Revolution of 1979. (shrink)

Marshall and colleagues (2024) offer a framework for emergency physicians (EPs) tasked with caring for “resuscitated opioid users”—or patients who have recently overdosed on opioids. This framework...

A random sample of 207 national business consultants is employed to test the effects of individual values and professional ethics on consulting behavior. The results suggest that the individual values held by consultants are positively correlated with professional ethics, but are negatively correlated with consulting behavior. Moreover, there appears to be no significant relationship between the professional ethics of consultants and business consulting behavior. Findings and issues regarding the effectiveness of codes of ethics and implications for both the provider and (...) recipient of professional consulting services are discussed. (shrink)

Older people are confronted with a myriad of challenges throughout the course of their lives in the present society. One of these is the issue of suicidal behaviour among people of older age. This article understands the nature and examines the cause of mortality due to suicide among older people in later life. The author has applied the document analysis method. The information for the current research has been collected using the news content of various Indian newspapers, magazines, and news (...) portals. The researcher was collated 60 occurrences of old-age suicide from the newspapers of Northern Indian states from March 2022 to June 2022. The study has indicated that there is a substantial rise in old-age suicide due to the vulnerable condition of older people in late life. Moreover, the vulnerable condition of older people has led to various factors instrumental in old-age suicide, such as abuse in the family, chronic diseases, depression, poverty, and social rejection that give rise to feelings of committing suicide among the older people. (shrink)

Tumors are often viewed as unique entities with specific behaviors. However, tumors are a mixture of differentially evolved subpopulations of cells in constant Darwinian evolution, selecting the fittest clone and allowing it to outgrow the rest. As in the natural environment, the niche defines the properties the fittest clones must possess. Therefore, there can be multiple fit clones because of the various microenvironments inside a single tumor. Hypoxia is considered to be a major feature of the tumor microenvironment and is (...) a potential contributor to the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype and its enhanced tumorigenicity. The acidic microenvironment around hypoxic cells is accompanied by the activation of a subset of proteases that contribute to metastasis. Because of aberrant angiogenesis and the inaccessibility of their locations, hypoxic cells are less likely to accumulate therapeutic concentrations of chemotherapeutics that can lead to therapeutic resistance. Therefore, the targeting of the hypoxic CSC niche in combination with chemotherapy may provide a promising strategy for eradicating CSCs. In this review, we examine the cancer stem cell hypothesis and its relationship to the microenvironment, specifically to hypoxia and the subsequent metabolic switch and how they shape tumor behavior. (shrink)

Modified action, either artificially induced or occurring naturally during life-span, alters organization and processing of primary somatosensory cortex, thereby serving as a predictor of age-related changes. These findings, together with the interconnectedness between motor-sensory systems and temporally-distributed processing across hierarchical levels, throws into question a sharp division between early perception and cognition, and suggest that composite codes of perception and action might not be limited to higher areas.

This study examines the relationship between an employee's level of moral reasoning and a form of work performance known as organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). Prior research in the public accounting profession has found higher levels of moral reasoning to be positively related to various types of ethical behavior. This study extends the ethical domain of accounting behaviors to include OCB. Analysis of respondents from a public accounting firm in the northeast region of the United States (n = 107) support a (...) positive and significant relationship between moral reasoning and two dimensions of OCB: interpersonal helping behaviors and sportsmanship behaviors. This study controls for previously identified determinants of OCB (e.g., procedural justice) and demographic variables (age, sex, tenure and social desirability). Results suggest that moral reasoning accounts for professional behaviors that are perceived as intrinsically good by the employee and economically beneficial by the employer. (shrink)