Trust in vaccination is eroding, and attitudes about vaccination have become more polarized. This is an observational study of Twitter analyzing the impact that COVID-19 had on vaccine discourse. We identify the actors, the language they use, how their language changed, and what can explain this change. First, we find that authors cluster into several large, interpretable groups, and that the discourse was greatly affected by American partisan politics. Over the course of our study, both Republicans and Democrats entered the (...) vaccine conversation in large numbers, forming coalitions with Antivaxxers and public health organizations, respectively. After the pandemic was officially declared, the interactions between these groups increased. Second, we show that the moral and non-moral language used by the various communities converged in interesting and informative ways. Finally, vector autoregression analysis indicates that differential responses to public health measures are likely part of what drove this convergence. Taken together, our results suggest that polarization around vaccination discourse in the context of COVID-19 was ultimately driven by a trust-first dynamic of political engagement. (shrink)

The current study analyzed how trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) mediates the relationship between self-esteem and state anxiety (STAI-S) and trait anxiety (STAI-T). The sample was composed of 153 undergraduate students from the University of Cádiz, Spain (71.9% women and 28.1% men). Students completed measures of self-esteem, STAI-S, STAI-T, and trait EI. Mediation analyses were completed with three trait EI dimensions (emotional attention -EA-, emotional clarity -EC-, and mood repair -MR) as mediating variables, self-esteem as the independent variable, and STAI-S (...) and STAI-T as the dependent ones. Our results confirmed that self-esteem scores explained and predicted both, STAI-S and STAI-T values (13% for STAI-S and 21% for STAI-T). This explanatory capacity is increased by 8% when accounting for all trait EI dimensions. Considering STAI-S, the results of the direct effects showed that a decrease in their levels is predicted through the increases in the levels of both, self-esteem and MR. Regarding STAI-T, the results of the direct effects showed that a decrease in their levels is predicted, in addition to an increment of self-esteem and MR values, by an increase of EC and a decrease of EA. Conversely, indirect effects revealed that higher levels of self-esteem were associated with worse scores in EA and worse MR, which in turn would enhance both STAI-S and STAI-T levels. Moreover, regarding STAI-T higher levels of self-esteem were associated with worse scores in EA and worse EC, therefore increasing STAI-T levels. As shown, the negative association found between self-esteem and EA becomes a key element. The effect of self-esteem on EA and the influence that the latter had on EC and MR exerts an indirect mediated effect with the power to invert the influence that self-esteem wields on both types of anxiety. In this sense, the apparent protective role of self-esteem changed, turning into a risk factor that promotes higher anxiety values. (shrink)

El artículo aborda - principalmente a partir de los cuentos y de tres novelas - la génesis de algunos referentes de la cosmovisión narrativa de Murakami, así como el planteamiento de autor al que parece obedecer su obra. Ambos aspectos resultan cardinales para elucidar el soporte ficcional reconocible como rasgo de autor, entendido todo como ideario narrativo: coordenadas temáticas, constelación de personajes, tramas y escenarios, perspectiva narrativa elegida, recursos expresivos… Asimismo, se busca identificar la entidad de la entrada de elementos (...) fantásticos, componente de factura murakamiana; desde la rúbrica de realismo fantástico a que se asigna al autor, este trabajo se acerca al cúmulo de figuras, referentes y mecanismos fantásticos que jalonan las historias para comprobar qué fuentes socioculturales nutren este imaginario. Por lo referenciado, este bagaje fabulador correspondería al acervo oriental, la tradición mítica y legendaria de cuño japonés. A ello se une la catarsis que experimentan los personajes, relacionada con el concepto de Murakami sobre su creación. (shrink)

The sequencing of the human genome has opened the way for using bioinformatics to identify sets of genes controlled by specific regulatory signals. Here, we review the unexpected diversity of DNA response elements mediating transcriptional regulation by estrogen receptors (ERs), which control the broad physiological effects of estrogens. Consensus palindromic estrogen response elements are found in only a few known estrogen target genes, whereas most responsive genes contain only low‐affinity half palindromes, which may also control regulation by other nuclear receptors. (...) ERs can also regulate gene expression in the absence of direct interaction with DNA, via protein–protein interactions with other transcription factors or by modulating the activity of upstream signaling components, thereby significantly expanding the repertoire of estrogen‐responsive genes. These diverse mechanisms of action must be taken into account in screening for potential estrogen‐responsive sequences in the genome or in regulatory regions of target genes identified by expression profiling. BioEssays 24:244–254, 2002. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.; DOI 10.1002/bies.10066. (shrink)

El duelo anticipado es un tema al que la filosofía ha prestado muy poca atención, a diferencia de lo que ocurre con el duelo que sigue a la muerte. Una peculiaridad obvia del primero es que sucede mientras todavía existe una relación interpersonal entre el doliente y aquel por quien se duele. En este artículo examino el impacto que el duelo anticipado puede tener en dicha relación, particularmente con respecto a las actitudes reactivas de sanción, propias del conflicto interpersonal.

In this article, Laura Quintana elaborates on a conceptual distinction between violence and rage. Along with this distinction, she recognises that while rage may possess a destructive potential, it can also be politicised in emancipatory practices that confront conditions of injustice and structural violence. Her analysis centers on contemporary political movements in Latin America, which she views as collective manifestations of rage. Within these movements, the manifestation of rage is intertwined with forms of care and communal labor. Quintana (...) characterises such movements as embodying a “dignified rage” (digna rabia) that calls for an emancipatory transformation of the status quo. She contends that these practices can be understood in terms of the notion of “anti-violence,” as it has been coined by Étienne Balibar. In this she diverges from Judith Butler, since, according to Quintana’s analysis, such practices challenge the demand for non-violence that has often served to neutralise the disruptive force of such manifestations and movements. (shrink)

This encyclopedia entry provides an introductory examination information communication technology (ICT) as a subject of moral, social, and legal analysis. The entry begins with a survey of philosophical perspectives on human-computer interaction such as the moral agency of artifacts, mediation theory, trans or posthumanism, and extension theory. The entry then turns to survey normative and epistemic issues in ICT including the nature of socially disruptive technology, the outsourcing of human capabilities, privacy, echo chambers, epistemic bubbles, and the effect of ICTs (...) on moral virtue and attention. (shrink)

The development of information and communication technologies offers innovative opportunities to establish business strategies focused on customer value co-creation. This situation is especially notable in the banking industry. e-Banking activities can support competitive advantages. However, the adoption of e-banking is not yet well-established among consumers. In this sense, the technology acceptance model is considered essential in studying consumer behavior applied to adopt a particular technology. According to the TAM model, this study analyses the factors which influence bank customers to adopt (...) e-banking to facilitate their banking services and support the process of value co-creation. Consequently, the authors examine five main aspects of the technology adoption model to provide a broad understanding of bank customers’ consumption of e-banking. A partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis is conducted to evaluate proposed relationships between factors and customers’ e-banking adoption. (shrink)

Epidemiological models directly shape policy responses to public health crises. We argue that they also play a less obvious but important role in solving certain coordination problems and social dilemmas that arise during pandemics. This role is both ethically and epistemically valuable. However, it also gives rise to an underappreciated dilemma, as the features that make models good at solving coordination problems are often at odds with the features that make for a good scientific model. We examine and develop this (...) dilemma in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and suggest extensions to other domains. (shrink)

As various forms of artificial intelligence become increasingly integrated into our daily lives, understanding the ethical challenges that can be met by the development of human-centered AI is vital. This paper investigates the intersection of the philosophy of technology, moral philosophy, and user experience design to explore points of interaction between humans and machines. The paper suggests that examining the context in which AI is often deployed, including social and digital environments, offers a rich vein for examining the mechanisms underlying (...) ethical issues in AI. Finally the paper identifies concerns in the ethics of technology that complement issues arising in the development of human-computer interactions and explores a notion practice that can frame design as concerned with human values. By examining these intersections, I hope to offer insights that can aid in the deployment of human-centered AI. (shrink)

El presente artículo aborda el análisis curricular de la Lic. en Psicología de la UAQ. Valora elementos que se consideran por parte de los organismos evaluadores y acreditadores, y se recuperan los principales que deben ser atendidos en la evaluación curricular y el rediseño de las áreas de la licenciatura. Palabras clave: Análisis curricular, psicología, organismos evaluadores, organismos acreditadores, evaluación curricular.

Grounding refers to expressions that establish a connection between the ground and the content evoked by a nominal or finite clause. In this paper we report on two grammatical implementations of nominal grounding in Argentine Sign Language: pointing and placing. For pointing constructions, we also examine distal-proximal pointing and directive force. We introduce the concept of placing, in which a sign is produced at a specific meaningful location in space. Two types of placing are discussed: Placing-for-Creating, in which a new (...) meaningful location is created, and Placing-by-Recruiting, which recruits an existing meaningful location. We suggest that our analysis of pointing and placing provides an account of nominal grounding unified by general cognitive principles as described within the theory of Cognitive Grammar. Pointing is known to occur in all signed languages studied to date. Although previously undocumented, we suggest that placing is also common to many, perhaps all, signed languages. (shrink)

In response to recent work on the nature of human aggression, and to shed light on the proximate, as opposed to ultimate, causes of tribal warfare, we present a record of events leading to a fatal Waorani raid on a family from another tribe, followed by a detailed first-person observation of the behavior of the raiders as they prepared themselves for war, and upon their return. We contrast this attack with other Waorani aggressions and speculate on evidence regarding their hormonal (...) underpinnings. On-the-ground ethnographic observations are examined in light of the neuroendocrinological literature. The evidence suggests a chain of causality in launching lethal violence, beginning with a perceived injury, culminating in a massacre, and terminating in rejoicing. Although no blood or saliva samples were taken at the time of this raid, the behaviors were consistent with a deliberate initiation of the hormonal cascade characterizing the “fight-or-flight” response, along with other hormonal changes. We conclude with observations on the stratified interrelationships of the cognitive, social, emotional, and neuroendocrinological causes of aggression leading to coalitional male homicide. (shrink)

Cooperative learning (CL) is one of the pedagogical models that has had more application in the area of Physical Education (PE) in recent years, being highly worked in the initial training of teachers. The aim of the study is to check to what extent future PE teachers are able to apply in the classroom the PE training they have received at university, deepening their fears, insecurities and problems when carrying it out. Thirteen future PE teachers (7 girls and 6 boys) (...) aged 20.87±1.43 participated and, after having been trained in CL in various subjects, applied it in the classroom during their internship. A qualitative methodology was used, being the interviews, the teaching diaries and the seminars with the tutor the instruments of data collection used. Three categories of analysis were used: a) initial expectations in the application of the CL; b) problems encountered in its implementation; c) reflection about its application in the future. The results showed how the future teachers did not see their expectations of success fulfilled, encountering resistance from both students and teachers in PE. Furthermore, they reflect the need to continue training in a model that has infinite nuances so that it can be implemented satisfactorily. It is necessary to continue researching a pedagogical model with so many possibilities in the area of PE and with so much transversality on a social level. (shrink)

La trata de personas con fines de explotación sexual es un delito que se encuentra vinculado a las desigualdades de género y sociales, a la alta demanda de prostitución, a la inmigración irregular y al crimen organizado internacional. Es una vulneración de los derechos de las personas víctimas, especialmente la dignidad y la libertad. Aunque se han realizado importantes avances normativos y políticos tanto en el ámbito internacional como nacional, en los países donde las mujeres son explotadas, suelen ser detenidas, (...) tratadas como delincuentes y deportadas, sin que hubiesen sido identificadas, protegidas y atendidas, tal como lo establecen la normativas internacionales. En este sentido, el artículo presenta la experiencia de APRAMP como organización especializada en la lucha contra la trata, que ofrece un modelo de atención integral desde una perspectiva de derechos humanos y género para garantizar los derechos de las mujeres y menores de edad víctimas de este delito. (shrink)

En el duelo frecuentemente rememoramos con pesar los sufrimientos que le causamos a la persona fallecida, pero algunos de esos apesadumbrados recuerdos nos desconciertan y hasta pueden hacernos dudar de la sinceridad de nuestro amor por ella porque, aunque lamentamos profundamente haberla hecho sufrir, no nos arrepentimos de haber actuado como actuamos. En este artículo examino las características, tipos y naturaleza de la emoción a la que Bernard Williams llamó «_agent-regret»_ (lamentación o pesadumbre del agente), para sostener que aquella experiencia (...) del doliente puede entenderse como una instancia particular de esta emoción. Además, hago algunas consideraciones acerca de cómo el proceso mismo del duelo complica la de por sí difícil experiencia de lamentarse como agente. (shrink)

Cancer is a chronic disease that causes the most deaths in the world, being a public health problem nowadays. Even though breast cancer affects the daily lives of patients, many women become resilient after the disease, decreasing the impact of the diagnosis. Based on a positive psychology approach, the concept of co-vitality arises understood as a set of socio-emotional competencies that enhance psychological adaptation. In this sense, emotional intelligence is one of the main protective factors associated with resilience. However, it (...) is not always as beneficial as it seems, and can lead to collateral effects on psychological adjustment. Given this controversy, this study aims to find the specific processes through which the dimensions of Perceived Emotional Intelligence can act as a risk or protective factor in the development of resilience. The total sample was 167 women, 46.7% were breast cancer survivors, and 53.3% were healthy controls. The selection of women with breast cancer carries out randomly, recruited through the Oncology Units. The sample completed measures of resilience and PEI, through Resilience Scale and TMMS-24. The results showed that breast cancer survivors showed higher age and greater levels of resilience and mood repair than healthy women. The mediation analysis revealed that breast cancer survival and PEI predicted 28% of the variance of resilience. The direct effects showed that emotional clarity and mood repair increased resilience levels. Although breast cancer did not predict resilience directly, it does through mood repair by an indirect process. Besides, the analysis showed that emotional attention played a role in vulnerability, decreasing mood repair, and resilience. These research support theories that point to a possible dark side of PEI, thus, a great level of emotional attention makes dark the positive effect of mood repair and personal growth if a clear perception of emotions does not complement it. These results provide empirical support concerning the need to work complementary each dimension of PEI to avoid unwanted effects on intrapersonal adjustment. (shrink)

Many philosophers hold that generics (i.e., unquantified generalizations) are pervasive in communication and that when they are about social groups, this may offend and polarize people because generics gloss over variations between individuals. Generics about social groups might be particularly common on Twitter (X). This remains unexplored, however. Using maching learning (ML) techniques, we therefore developed an automatic classifier for social generics, applied it to 1.1 million tweets about people, and analyzed the tweets. While it is often suggested that generics (...) are ubiquitous in everyday communication, we found that most tweets (78%) about people contained no generics. However, tweets with generics received more “likes” and retweets. Furthermore, while recent psychological research may lead to the prediction that tweets with generics about political groups are more common than tweets with generics about ethnic groups, we found the opposite. However, consistent with recent claims that political animosity is less constrained by social norms than animosity against gender and ethnic groups, negative tweets with generics about political groups were significantly more prevalent and retweeted than negative tweets about ethnic groups. Our study provides the first ML-based insights into the use and impact of social generics on Twitter. (shrink)

Nowadays, students are experiencing difficult and stressful situations due to the Global Pandemic Alert. This changing world can evoke negative emotions that have been traditionally linked to higher anxiety. Researches have been focused on the positive outcomes of trait emotional intelligence preventing psychological disorders. However, the possibility that TEI might have a dark side has been neglected. Hence, this study aimed to explore the mediating effect of the three dimensions of TEI in the relationship between negative affect and anxiety symptoms (...) among college students. Participants of this research were 467 undergraduates who completed an online self-reported questionnaire including the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Trait Meta-Mood Scale. The global serial mediation model showed that the total amount of variance explained by the global model was 30.8%. Negative affectivity and age accounted for the 15.1% of state anxiety variance while 15.7% of the variance of state anxiety was attributed to the direct or indirect effect of the three dimensions of TEI. Five indirect effects presented statistical significance. The contrast analyses between mediators showed that three indirect effects had higher statistical weigh; the ability of negative affect to increase state anxiety through emotional attention; emotional clarity, and serially through emotional clarity and mood repair. Our results indicated that students’ negative emotions lead to higher emotional attention which in turn may enhance state anxiety in two ways: by a direct effect of emotional attention on state anxiety and by a serial effect through emotional clarity. Moreover, when negative affect is associated with lower emotional clarity, anxiety symptoms may also arise. However, when attention and clarity are connected, the negative effect is reversed into a positive one, decreasing state anxiety. (shrink)

A major study of Futurist movement of Marinetti in the Rio de la Plata region (Argentina, Uruguay and the qualities that unite two cultures, in this case, beween Italian Futurism, and the vanguard of the Rio de la Plata (Buenos Aires and Montevideo). With a wide variety of reproductions of photographs, paintings, magazine covers and books and documents in general, the author shows what was meant in this movement and what were their influences and impacts on the Rio de la (...) Plata. (shrink)

Este artículo se centra en el análisis hermenéutico focaultiano de cuatro nociones del pensamiento griego clásico: La Parrhesía o discurso veraz, la Paideia o educación, la Psicagogia o conducción de las almas, y por último la Epimeleia Heautou o el cuidado del sí mismo. Se esboza que mediante el discurso verdadero un mentor conduce el alma de su discípulo en su propia construcción o transformación, emergiendo un sujeto político que será apto para gobernar las almas de los otros hombres, mediante (...) la verdad, la ética y la política. (shrink)

Este artículo indaga como se vinculan Feminismo, Ética y Educación, para entregar pautas de acción adecuadas para nuestra época. Se comienza analizando la deconstrucción de los estereotipos de género del proyecto patriarcal de la modernidad. Luego se pone en diálogo los pensamientos de variadas feministas posmodernas. Por último, se propone una educación con perspectiva tanto ética como de género que entregue una normatividad orientadora para la construcción de los nuevos sujetos, preservando el llamado ético a la igualdad y la posibilidad (...) de elegir. (shrink)

In this article, the dominant legitimating discursive strategies around the ever-increasing labour demands and ever-declining standards of safety and well-being at work in Spain are analysed through the lens of Boltanski and Thévenot’s (2006) view of the transformation of capitalism. A qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews is used. Results show that the justificatory arguments most commonly put forward by managers and experts are the logic of supply and demand, and values related to flexibility, resilience and adaptability to change. In (...) contrast, the stability and protection established in the twentieth century are widely cherished values, particularly among union representatives and some human resources specialists. We found that discourse practices map two specific legitimating categories (market values and a projects orientation), and one critical category (Civic World), but the critical category has no practical impact, as the predominant feeling is resignation. Our research describes the common attitudes to legitimacy in the job market and points to a deep discontent in some of its key agents. (shrink)

Protests and counter-protests seek to draw and direct attention and concern with confronting images and slogans. In recent years, as protests and counter-protests have partially migrated to the digital space, such images and slogans have also gone online. Two main ways in which these images and slogans are translated to the online space is through the use of emoji and hashtags. Despite sustained academic interest in online protests, hashtag activism and the use of emoji across social media platforms, little is (...) known about the specific functional role that emoji and hashtags play in online social movements. In an effort to fill this gap, the current paper studies both hashtags and emoji in the context of the Twitter discourse around the Black Lives Matter movement. (shrink)

Reivindicación de Maquiavelo en la obra de Hannah Arendt -- Acercamientos a Max Weber desde una crítica a la modernidad -- La violencia como disolución de lo político.

The question of how the probabilistic opinions of different individuals should be aggregated to form a group opinion is controversial. But one assumption seems to be pretty much common ground: for a group of Bayesians, the representation of group opinion should itself be a unique probability distribution, 410–414, [45]; Bordley Management Science, 28, 1137–1148, [5]; Genest et al. The Annals of Statistics, 487–501, [21]; Genest and Zidek Statistical Science, 114–135, [23]; Mongin Journal of Economic Theory, 66, 313–351, [46]; Clemen and (...) Winkler Risk Analysis, 19, 187–203, [7]; Dietrich and List [14]; Herzberg Theory and Decision, 1–19, [28]). We argue that this assumption is not always in order. We show how to extend the canonical mathematical framework for pooling to cover pooling with imprecise probabilities by employing set-valued pooling functions and generalizing common pooling axioms accordingly. As a proof of concept, we then show that one IP construction satisfies a number of central pooling axioms that are not jointly satisfied by any of the standard pooling recipes on pain of triviality. Following Levi, 3–11, [39]), we also argue that IP models admit of a much better philosophical motivation as a model of rational consensus. (shrink)

En Chile se ha otorgado importancia al aprendizaje del inglés en la enseñanza superior, y en la mayoría de las universidades se ha incorporado, en los perfiles de egreso, una competencia relacionada con el idioma inglés. Las mediciones actuales según, la escala del Marco Común Europeo indican un logro de nivel A1 o A2 de este idioma. La motivación es reconocida como una variable psicológica multifacética que impacta, entre otros aspectos, en el proceso de aprendizaje de una segunda lengua. En (...) este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar la relación entre la variable motivación y rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios en una asignatura de inglés. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-correlacional, con un diseño no experimental de carácter transversal. Se aplicó el instrumento Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) de Sandoval Pineda (2011) a una muestra de 53 estudiantes pertenecientes a la carrera de Pedagogía Media en Inglés de una universidad regional en Chile. Los resultados demostraron que la subdimensión de la variable motivación que obtuvo el promedio más alto fue la _Orientación Integrada_ (OINT) (M = 6.712; _DE_ = 0.456). El promedio obtenido por la variable rendimiento académico es M= 5.117 y la desviación estándar DE= 0.917. De acuerdo con la rúbrica de evaluación, el nivel de desempeño de los estudiantes es _Good_, que se describe como: _Student utilizes topic-related vocabulary in an accurate manner for the situation given__,_ aunque los resultados muestran una alta dispersión. En relación con el análisis de la correlación entre las subdimensiones de la variable motivación y rendimiento académico, no se observó una relación significativa (r = 0.072 y un p-valor de 0.610). Algunos de los hallazgos muestran que, los estudiantes reflejaron altos niveles de motivación hacia el aprendizaje del inglés, aunque no se demostró una relación significativa entre la motivación y las calificaciones. (shrink)

Hadrian’s agonistic calendar, as it was found inscribed in a stele of Alexandria Troad, mentions within its fourth Olympic year the “games of the Koinon of the Achaeans and Arcadians which are celebrated in Mantinea”. Following the interpretation of the editors of the stele, G. Petzl and E. Schwertheim, this article aims to identify these games as those which were organized by the city in honour of Antinous. The epigraphic sources that mention the Mantinean games, mainly those related to the (...) agonothetai and winners of the contests, will be used to explore the relationship between Hadrian and the Arcadian cults, and similarities between the sequence of games in the athletic palmares and Hadrian’s calendar in order to further support the identification as the Antinoeia of Mantinea. (shrink)

Cet article analyse quatre photographies qui révèlent différents modes de vie et de résistance combattante des femmes indigènes au Chiapas. On les voit ainsi s’organiser et transformer leur propre image. En même temps, elles construisent leur autonomie à la lumière du genre et à travers la conscience de leur statut social et de leur appartenance au peuple indigène de Mexico. « Personne ne peut nous prendre ce que nous sommes » (Commandante Esther, EZLN).