本书内容包括:启蒙思想的形成、文学革命的意义、反传统的得失、启蒙进路的歧异、文化方略的改换等。.

Moral hypocrisy (MH) occurs when people fail to practice what they preach. Despite the prevalence of the effect of social identity on an individual’s MH, few empirical studies have explored contextual factors that may help reduce MH. By conducting two experiments based on the research paradigm of real stranger presence, we examined how in-group and out-group strangers’ presence and moral behavior may contribute to reducing MH. The results of experiment 1 demonstrated that compared with the presence of out-group strangers, the (...) presence of in-group stranger could effectively inhibit MH (no significant difference between participants reported and actual donation proportions was obtained). The results of experiment 2 replicated and extended the results of experiment 1, first by showing that the presence of in-group strangers could effectively inhibit MH and then by revealing the influence of present strangers’ behavior (moral or hypocritical) on MH. The results indicated that strangers’ moral behavior could effectively eliminate participants’ MH, especially in the presence of in-group strangers. However, when present strangers exhibited hypocritical behavior, they exhibited no effect on participants’ MH, irrespective of the condition of in-group and out-group strangers. The current study provides empirical support for theories related to MH and moral decision making and contributes to the literature on in-group and out-group effects on MH and decision making. (shrink)

本书以认识的主体性为研究对象,对哲学史上的认识的主体性思想、自然科学家的认识的主体性思想、认识的主体性原理、认识的主体性的微观机制、认识的主体性的宏观根源、研究认识的主体性的意义等问题作了专题的研究。 .

本书对实践的主体性的一些相关问题作了比较系统的研究,着重发掘和整理了马克思主义哲学关于实践的主体性的思想。.

本书讲述关于生物伦理学的问题,包括“人类基因组计划”、“基因和基因治疗”、“转基因农作物回归自然界”等十五讲。.

Previous studies have documented a positive association between college education and happiness. However, the endogeneity of college education attainment is rarely examined, and a more robust link between college education and happiness needs to be built. Based on the Chinese General Social Survey data of 2017, the present study used the quasi-experiment of China’s higher education expansion started in 1999 to construct a fuzzy regression discontinuity design to examine the causal association between college education and happiness. It is observed that (...) college education indeed improved Chinese happiness, but this positive association was stronger in males than in females. Further, college education was observed to improve happiness by improving individual political status, perceived personal status, health and family social status, but not by increasing personal income. Accordingly, the government should continue to promote the development of higher education, and the fairness of higher education development deserves more attention to reduce population disparities in happiness. (shrink)

本书作者以《精神现象学》为研究文本，在上篇通过对于法国思想家科耶夫《现象学》解读的批判性考察，梳理出一条黑格尔政治与法律思想与英美古典自由主义相互关联的路径；下篇重点探讨了人类意识的内在逻辑结构以及不 同的社会意识形态，提出了有关时间与历史主体性的理论。.

本书以环境问题的提出为切入点,运用系统范式考察环境问题的成因,落足于可持续发展战略下重建人与自然和人与人的和谐关系,这一作者思考环境的最终结论之上。.

Based on socioeconomic statistical data, transport data, and network big data, the urban connection index was constructed in terms of industry, transportation, information, and innovation, and the high-quality development index was established from five aspects: innovation, coordination, green development, openness, and sharing. Taking Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration as a case, the urban connection intensity and high-quality development level were measured to analyze the relationship between them. From 2012 to 2018, the UCI and HDI of each city showed different degrees of growth. (...) Note that there exist significant regional differences, with Lanzhou and Xining having the largest difference. The biggest gap among cities lies in the innovative connection intensity. Moreover, urban external connections are closely related to high-quality development, especially innovation and green development. For every 1% increase in industrial and transport connection, the HDI will increase by 0.317% and 0.159%, respectively. This study provides a methodological reference for measuring urban connectivity and provides decision support for high-quality development in China and other countries. (shrink)

Managing stakeholders is an important managerial aspect of corporate social responsibility. Employee stakeholder is one of the primary stakeholders that are critical to a company. Previous studies have shown inconclusive findings regarding the performance impact of managing this stakeholder, with some identifying little impact while others finding a positive association. This study further explores this issue in the context of foreign companies' subsidiaries in China. A potential mediating mechanism (i. e., customer orientation) between employee stakeholder orientation and performance (both financial (...) performance and innovation performance) was proposed; a sample of 103 Chinese subsidiaries of foreign companies which have new product development responsibilities was used to test hypotheses. A subsidiary's employee orientation was found to show a significant positive relationship with its product innovation performance, but no significant relationship with its financial results. Moreover, employee orientation showed a significant indirect relationship with both performance outcomes through customer orientation. (shrink)

Numerous studies have found that selective attention affects category learning. However, previous research did not distinguish between the contribution of focusing and filtering components of selective attention. This study addresses this issue by examining how components of selective attention affect category representation. Participants first learned a rule‐plus‐similarity category structure, and then were presented with category priming followed by categorization and recognition tests. Additionally, to evaluate the involvement of focusing and filtering, we fit models with different attentional mechanisms to the data. (...) In Experiment 1, participants received rule‐based category training, with specific emphasis on a single deterministic feature (D feature). Experiment 2 added a recognition test to examine participants’ memory for features. Both experiments indicated that participants categorized items based solely on the D feature, showed greater memory for the D feature, were primed exclusively by the D feature without interference from probabilistic features (P features), and were better fit by models with focusing and at least one type of filtering mechanism. The results indicated that selective attention distorted category representation by highlighting the D feature and attenuating P features. To examine whether the distorted representation was specific to rule‐based training, Experiment 3 introduced training, emphasizing all features. Under such training, participants were no longer primed by the D feature, they remembered all features well, and they were better fit by the model assuming only focusing but no filtering process. The results coupled with modeling provide novel evidence that while both focusing and filtering contribute to category representation, filtering can also result in representational distortion. (shrink)

The relation between quantum collapse, consciousness and superluminal communication is analyzed. As we know, quantum collapse, if exists, can result in the appearance of quantum nonlocality, and requires the existence of a pre- ferred Lorentz frame. This may permit the realization of quantum superluminal communication (QSC), which will no longer result in the usual causal loop in case of the existence of a preferred Lorentz frame. The possibility of the existence of QSC is further analyzed under the assumption that quantum (...) collapse is a real process. We demonstrate that the combination of quantum collapse and the consciousness of the observer will permit the observer to distinguish nonorthogonal states in principle. This provides a possible way to realize QSC. Some implications of the existence of QSC are briefy discussed. (shrink)

Direct electrical stimulation has been widely applied in both guidance of lesion resection and scientific research; however, the design and selection of intraoperative cognitive mapping tasks have not been updated in a very long time. We introduce updated mapping tasks for language and non-language functions and provide recommendations for optimal design and selection of intraoperative mapping tasks. In addition, with DES becoming more critical in current neuroscientific research, a task design that has not been widely used in DES yet was (...) introduced for more delicate mapping of brain functions especially for research purposes. We also illustrate the importance of designing a common task series for DES and other non-invasive mapping techniques. This review gives practical updated guidelines for advanced application of DES in clinical and neuroscientific research. (shrink)

Slagging-off is an important preprocessing operation of steel-making to improve the purity of iron. Current manual-operated slag removal schemes are inefficient and labor-intensive. Automatic slagging-off is desirable but challenging as the reliable recognition of iron and slag is difficult. This work focuses on realizing an efficient and accurate recognition algorithm of iron and slag, which is conducive to realize automatic slagging-off operation. Motivated by the recent success of deep learning techniques in smart manufacturing, we introduce deep learning methods to this (...) field for the first time. The monotonous gray value of industry images, poor image quality, and nonrigid feature of iron and slag challenge the existing fully convolutional networks. To this end, we propose a novel spatial and feature graph convolutional network module. SFGCN module can be easily inserted in FCNs to improve the reasoning ability of global contextual information, which is helpful to enhance the segmentation accuracy of small objects and isolated areas. To verify the validity of the SFGCN module, we create an industrial dataset and conduct extensive experiments. Finally, the results show that our SFGCN module brings a consistent performance boost for a wide range of FCNs. Moreover, by adopting a lightweight network as backbone, our method achieves real-time iron and slag segmentation. In the future work, we will dedicate our efforts to the weakly supervised learning for quick annotation of big data stream to improve the generalization ability of current models. (shrink)

The unique relation between logic and truth is crucial for understanding Fregean conception of logic. Frege has an insight that the nature of logic resides in the “truth“, which he finally locates in the assertoric-force of a sentence. Though Frege admits that assertoric-force is ineffable in ordinary language, he coins in his conceptual notation for such a force a much-disputed sign, i.e., judgment-stroke. In this paper, I will try to demonstrate that judgment-stroke is not adequate for the task its inventor (...) has assigned to it. Accordingly, it is misconceived and inconducive to clarify Frege’s vague insight into the protorelation. The mistake of judgment-stroke for the sign of assertoric-force has its root in Frege’s ignorance of the significant difference between “judgment” and assertion”, which will be elucidated at length in the light of Husserl’s theory of “doxic-modification“. In the end, based on a further elucidation of the activity of assertion, I will advance a tentative interpretation of the vague insight Frege has concerning the protorelation. (shrink)

本书揭示军旅财富的内涵,它们是:政治头脑、理想信念、牺牲奉献精神、纪律观念、团队精神、勇气与意志、谋略思维、创新能力、军人气质、强健的体魄。.

Although several articles have investigated ethical product attributes, earlier research has not empirically examined different benefits offered by ethical attributes. This study demonstrates that ethical attributes have functional benefits as well as symbolic benefits. More importantly, when the ethical attribute benefit is congruent with the product category benefit, ethical attributes improve product evaluations. In addition, products with a higher degree of physical contact with consumers are affected more positively by benefit congruity of ethical attributes. For products with lower degree of (...) physical contact, benefit congruity of ethical attributes still has a positive impact, but not for consumers who have strong price–quality beliefs. (shrink)

本书论述了人的理解问题,包括人就是“人”;超生命的“生命”;人的“生存根基”;人的“价值”目标;解放“自我”等内容。.

本书从哲学和经济学交融发展的角度、通过对《资本论》的研究来阐发历史发展规律的著作。从而揭示出历史发展规律的过程。.

本书包括:远古夏商周时期的哲学思想;春秋战国秦汉时期的哲学思想;东汉末至两宋时期的哲学思想;元明清近现代时期的哲学思想等内容。.

本书从人的形而上学本性切入,对宗教的本质做出了新的阐释:宗教是人类理解与把握人和世界以及人与世界之关系的世界观理论。.

By focusing on human virtues rather than the general morality of rational beings, Kant’s virtue theory presents systematic arguments from the perspectives of reason and experiential emotion, norms and disposition, spirituality and humanity, etc., which is of great significance to an overall understanding of Kantian ethics, thus clarifying misunderstandings from the past decades.

Marx's theory of alienation has some elements of an epistemology, but it is primarily a methodology. This is because alienation and the supersession of alienation are nothing but negation and a negation of the negation, a kind of historical dialectics. In using this methodology to analyze the contradictions between human existence and essence, Marx thoroughly exposed and criticized the callousness of relationships among humanity in capitalist society. On this basis, he considered socialist revolution and socialist production to be the means (...) for eliminating human alienation and for realizing human freedom, and thereby set forth an epistemology. (shrink)

In the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, Marx commented that beauty is "the objectification of human essence.".

As all past philosophies superseded religion, their systems were established on the basis of comprehending a true human essence. As Marx pointed out, after first elaborating various concepts of religion, politics, morality, legal philosophy, and aesthetics, philosophers then kowtowed and became the slaves to those very concepts. Such a condition should be completely altered. From the time when Marx voiced these criticisms and placed "man" at the center of world history, while also pointing out that establishing the position of the (...) subject is proof of human freedom—that is, of human essence—and from the time when Marx emphasized that the real human world, including various social relations, ideological states, and the natural world "possessed by man," is the product of human creativity and a human manifestation formed in history and developed historically, and that man should and can emancipate himself from all that, all previous notions of the human essence became outdated and were no longer worth being seriously debated. From that time on, the philosophy of "man" has transcended the realm of speculative philosophy and gained unprecedented significance both in practice and in reality, and has become an active, initiating force in the modern socialist movement. (shrink)

We consider random processes more general than those considered by Erdös and Rényi for generating the countable random graph. It is proved that, in the category sense, almost all random processes we consider generate the countable random graph with probability 1. Under a weak boundedness assumption we give a criterion for the random processes which generate the countable random graph almost surely. We also consider further questions asked by Jackson regarding the outcome graphs when the process fails to produce the (...) countable random graph. (shrink)