L'époque romantique a souhaité et vu s'éclore des « effervescences créatrices » , des « nouvelles mythologies » mises « au service des idées » , souvent teintées de messianisme et de millénarisme, attentes d'une réconciliation universelle , ou espérances d'un règne social de Dieu . Ces idées romantiques ont inspiré les recherches d'eschatologie biblique , et on s'est intéressé à la relation entre les formes naissantes du christianisme et la figure messianique de Jésus . Ces recherches historiques ont fourni (...) un modèle pour l'analyse sociologique de divers mouvements messianiques, sociaux ou politiques, et ce type d'analyse a été utilisé en retour pour l'interprétation des origines chrétiennes comme mouvement populaire de protestation sociale . Plusieurs scénarios peuvent rendre compte de la composante politique d'un mouvement religieux ou, inversement, de la composante messianique d'un mouvement politique, selon que l'effervescence charismatique est mise à l'origine du mouvement ou située dans le cours de l'histoire d'un peuple, et, dans le second cas, selon qu'elle est dénuée de visée politique immédiate ou qu'elle prend le relais d'une action politique frustrée. C'est ainsi que des projets politiques peuvent être lus en termes de « religions métaphoriques » . The romantic period wished and saw the blossoming of « creative effervescences » , « new mythologies » put « to the service of ideas » , often colored by Messianism and millenarianism, waiting for a universal reconciliation , or hope for a social reign of God . These romantic ideas inspired research on biblical eschatology , and interest in the relation between growing forms of Christianity and the Messianic figure of Jesus . This historical research furnished a model for sociological analysis of diverse Messianic movements, social and political, and this type of analysis was used in turn for the interpretation of Christian origins as a popular movement of social protestation . There are many scenarios in considering the political component of a religions movement or, inversely, the Messianic component of a political movement, according as the charismatic effervescence is put at the origin of the movement or situated in the course of the history of a people, and, in the second case, according as it is without an immediate political interest or as it takes the place of a frustrated political action. It is thus that political projects can be read in terms of « metaphorical religions ». (shrink)

« Il ne faut pas se faire une idée trop haute de l'histoire, trop attendre d'elle... » écrivait H.-I. Marrou dont P. Vallin rappelle en exergue le propos. Cependant, construction consciente, l'histoire peut être richesse pour un groupe humain ou une époque, car c'est parce qu'il y a construction d'un objet, ou récit historique, en fonction d'options morales ou spirituelles - théologiques - que le récit et les langages ainsi forgés apportent la révélation d'une originalité féconde et nourrissante. Il (...) s'agit donc de donner les principes d'une histoire du « mouvement chrétien », à l'intérieur duquel est apparu un genre littéraire spécifique et donc nouveau, qui a très largement concouru à former la conscience que les groupes ont eue d'eux-mêmes, les « Histoires de l'Eglise ». C'est dans ces perspectives que pouvait se manifester une dimension théologique des pratiques historiennes concrètes. Que peut-il en être aujourd'hui ? Pour P. Vallin, une histoire théologique de l'Eglise continue, mais à condition de mettre en jeu, comme évaluation toujours à reprendre dans le passé et en vue de l'avenir, les deux « canons », celui de la suite de Jésus et celui de la confession célébrante à travers le temps.P. Vallin recalls, as an exergue , that H.-I. Marrou wrote: “One should not have too great an idea of history or expect too much from it.” History, nevertheless, as a conscious construction, can be a richness for human groups or an epoque. For, it is because there is the construction of an object, or a historical narrative, in function of moral or spiritual options—theological—that the récit and the languages thus forged carry the revelation of a fecund and nourishing originality. This, then, is about giving the principles of a history of the “Christian movement,” inside of which has appeared a specific literary genre and thus new, which had largely combined to form the consciousness that the groups had of themselves, the “Histories of the Church.” It is in these perspectives that a theological dimension of concrete historical practices could manifest themselves. What is the situation today? For P. Vallin, a theological history of the Church continues, but on condition of putting into play, as an evaluation always to take up in the past and in view of the future, the two “canons,” that of the following of Jesus and that of the celebrating confession throughout time. (shrink)

A propos de l’Histoire du Concile Vatican II, 1959-1965 réalisée sous la direction de Giuseppe Alberigo, P. Vallin apprécie les enjeux de ce Concile tels que le recul du temps et donc la distanciation historienne permettent d’en parler. Mais son analyse de l’œuvre va plus loin dans la mesure où il tente d’apprécier l’action historienne dans le travail même des historiens. En dehors du fait qu’ils ont le recul du temps, ils disposent d’un ensemble de documents et surtout d’archives (...) plus ou moins personnelles d’acteurs et de témoins qui posent la question de la « relecture » de l’évènement. A quoi s’ajoute la « construction du récit ». « Problème complexe, sur lequel tous les collaborateurs des entreprises d’histoire sociale, culturelle, voire politique, ne donnent pas les mêmes réponses ». Les auteurs de cette œuvre monumentale et tout à fait remarquable, n’échappent pas à cette question et à la multiplicité des réponses.Concerning the Histoire de Concile Vatican II, 1959-1965, written under the direction of Giuseppe Alberigo, P. Vallin evaluates the issues of this Council insofar as the intervening years, and therefore the historian’s perspective, allow one to speak of them. But his analysis of the work goes further, in so far as he attempts to evaluate the influence of the historian in the very work of historians. Aside from the fact that they have the benefit of distance in time, they have at their disposal a group of documents, especially the more or less personal archives of the participants and witnesses, which pose the question of a “re-reading” of the event. To this is added the “construction of the historical account.” “A complex problem to which all the collaborators of the undertaking of social, cultural, even political history, do not give the same answers.” The authors of this monumental and quite remarkable work do not skirt this question or the many possible answers. (shrink)

Reflection Principles are commonly thought to produce only strong axioms of infinity consistent with V = L. It would be desirable to have some notion of strong reflection to remedy this, and we have proposed Global Reflection Principles based on a somewhat Cantorian view of the universe. Such principles justify the kind of cardinals needed for, inter alia , Woodin’s Ω-Logic.

Evolutionary fitness threats and rewards are associated with subjectively unpleasant and pleasant sensations, respectively. Initially, these correlations appear explainable via adaptation by natural selection. But here I analyse the major metaphysical perspectives on consciousness – physicalism, dualism, and panpsychism – and conclude that none help to understand the adaptive-seeming correlations via adaptation. I also argue that a recently proposed explanation, the phenomenal powers view, has major problems that mean it cannot explain the adaptive-seeming correlations via adaptation either. So the mystery (...) – call it the evolutionary paradox of consciousness – remains. Some have used this mystery to argue for non-naturalistic (e.g. theistic) explanations. But I propose a naturalistic, non-adaptive explanation of the adaptive-seeming correlations: namely, ‘sensational associative learning’ during development. In this perspective, pairing of particular sensations with unconditioned stimuli – fitness rewards or threats – cause the sensations themselves to come to be interpreted as good or bad, respectively. Sensations, like colours, that are not reliably paired with either fitness rewards or threats remain largely unvalenced. Sensational associative learning also provides explanations for adaptive-seeming structural aspects of sensations, such as the observation that sounds of different pitch are experienced as ordinal in correspondence to their wavelengths while the same is not true of colours of different hue. The sensational associative learning perspective appears compatible with physicalism, panpsychism, and dualism (though not epiphenomenalism). (shrink)

인간의 이성적 의식과 법의 관계를 밝히고 법의 해석 과 판단에 인간의 의식이 어떻게 작용하는가를 고찰 한 저술. 제1부에서는 법의 형이상학적인 측면에서 법의 실체, 그리스의 법, 데카르트의 법, 로크와 법, 칸트와 법, 헤겔과 법, 아담스미스의 법의 경제, 중국의 도덕과 법사상을 다루었다. 제2부에서는 심리학적 분석으로 헌법의 심리학적 해석, 법의 판결절차, 증거법, 형법과 죄, 청소년과 가족법, 조세법, 플라톤의 법, 칸트의 도덕론의 경험적 확인, 헤겔의 자아와 노동법, 법의 4차원에 대해 다뤘다.

Inleidend overzicht van de wijsgerige ethiek.

t. 1. Dialog s V. V. Davydovym -- t. 2. Nereshennye problemy razvivai︠u︡shchego obrazovanii︠a︡.

Together again for the first time, Marx and Durkheim join forces in the pages of Disintegration: Bad Love, Collective Suicide, and the Idols of Imperial Twilight for a dialectical exploration of the moral economy of neoliberalism, animated, as it is not only by the capitalist chase for surplus value, but also by an immortal vortex of sacred powers. Classical sociology and psychoanalysis are reconstituted within Hegelian social ontology and dialectical method that differentiates between the ephemeral and free and the eternal (...) and fixed aspects of modern life. (shrink)

George Berkeley is one of the greatest and most influential modern philosophers. In defending the immaterialism for which he is most famous, he redirected modern thinking about the nature of objectivity and the mind's capacity to come to terms with it. Along the way, he made striking and influential proposals concerning the psychology of the senses, the workings of language, the aims of science, and the scope of mathematics. In this Companion volume a team of distinguished authors not only examines (...) Berkeley's achievements but also his neglected contributions to moral and political philosophy, his writings on economics and development, and his defense of religious commitment and religious life. The volume places Berkeley's achievements in the context of the many social and intellectual traditions - philosophical, scientific, ethical, and religious - to which he fashioned a distinctive response. (shrink)

Doctors’ strikes are legally permissible in the UK, with the situation differing in other countries. But are they morally permissible? Doug McConnell and Darren Mann have systematically attempted to dismiss the arguments for the moral impermissibility of doctors’ strikes and creatively attempted to provide further moral justification for them. Unfortunately for striking doctors, they fail to achieve this. Meanwhile, junior doctors’ strikes have continued in the UK through 2023 and have now extended into 2024. In this response, which focuses on (...) the UK situation and specifically junior doctors’ strikes in the National Health Service (NHS) in England, I will demonstrate a central problem with their arguments—namely that they underplay the harms caused by prolonged doctors’ strikes by ignoring the harms to patients with cancer. This weakens their conclusion that strikes are morally permissible in terms of the conditions and thresholds they set. I then provide a psychological critique of their justification for strikes in terms of the interests of the public. It follows that invoking the controversial concept of supererogatory action is ungrounded but also absurd when you consider time-critical cancer care. If those representing striking doctors wish to maintain a modicum of moral respectability, they should mitigate for patients with cancer and negotiate reasonably and with urgency. (shrink)

The introduction of novel diagnostic techniques in clinical domains such as genomics and radiology has led to a rich ethical debate on how to handle unsolicited findings that result from these innovations. Yet while unsolicited findings arise in both genomics and radiology, most of the relevant literature to date has tended to focus on only one of these domains. In this article, we synthesize and critically assess similarities and differences between “scanning the body” and “sequencing the genome” from an ethical (...) perspective. After briefly describing the novel diagnostic contexts leading to unsolicited findings, we synthesize and reflect on six core ethical issues that relate to both specialties: terminology; benefits and risks; autonomy; disclosure of unsolicited findings to children; uncertainty; and filters and routine screening. We identify ethical rationales that pertain to both fields and may contribute to more ethically sound policies. Considerations of preserving public trust and ensuring that people perceive healthcare policies as fair also support the need for a combined debate. (shrink)