Results for ' membership'

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  1.  80
    Group Membership and Parthood.David Strohmaier - 2018 - Journal of Social Ontology 4 (2):121-135.
    Despite having faced severe criticism in the past, mereological approaches to group ontology, which argue that groups are wholes and that groups members are parts, have recently managed a comeback. Authors such as Katherine Ritchie and Paul Sheehy have applied neo-Aristotelian mereology to groups, and Katherine Hawley has defended mereological approaches against the standard objections in the literature. The present paper develops the mereological approaches to group ontology further and proposes an analysis of group membership as parthood plus further (...)
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  2. Membership and global legal pluralism.Peter J. Spiro - 2020 - In Paul Schiff Berman (ed.), The Oxford handbook of global legal pluralism. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
     
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  3.  10
    Membership, obligation, and the communitarian thesis.Allyn Fives - 2022 - Theoria 88 (6):1196-1210.
    Why do we have obligations to the community to which we happen to belong? For communitarians, membership does more than provide the context for asking this question. In fact, the simple fact of membership goes some way towards justifying our obligations. According to the strong version of the communitarian thesis, membership is the fundamental consideration justifying political obligation; but for the weaker version, membership is one consideration among others and at times may be the less weighty (...)
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  4. Cultural Membership and Moral Responsibility.Neil Levy - 2003 - The Monist 86 (2):145-163.
    Can our cultural membership excuse us from responsibility for certain actions? Ought the Aztec priest be held responsible for murder, for instance, or does the fact that his ritual sacrifice is mandated by his culture excuse him from blame? Our intuitions here are mixed; the more distant, historically and geographically, we are from those whose actions are in question, the more likely we are to forgive them their acts, yet it is difficult to pinpoint why this distance should excuse. (...)
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  5.  11
    Membership and Morals: The Personal Uses of Pluralism in America.Nancy L. Rosenblum - 1998 - Princeton University Press.
    In recent years, membership has dropped in traditional voluntary associations such as Rotary Clubs, Jaycees, and bowling leagues. At the same time, concern is rising about the growth of paramilitary and hate groups. Scholars have warned that these trends are undermining civic society by creating a dangerous number of isolated, mistrustful individuals and organized, antisocial renegades. In this provocative book, however, Nancy Rosenblum takes a new, less narrowly political approach to the study of groups. And she reaches more optimistic (...)
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  6.  59
    Measuring Graded Membership: The Case of Color.Igor Douven, Sylvia Wenmackers, Yasmina Jraissati & Lieven Decock - 2017 - Cognitive Science 41 (3):686-722.
    This paper considers Kamp and Partee's account of graded membership within a conceptual spaces framework and puts the account to the test in the domain of colors. Three experiments are reported that are meant to determine, on the one hand, the regions in color space where the typical instances of blue and green are located and, on the other hand, the degrees of blueness/greenness of various shades in the blue–green region as judged by human observers. From the locations of (...)
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  7.  79
    Imagining membership: The conception of europe in the political thought of T. G. Masaryk and václav Havel.Josette Baer - 2000 - Studies in East European Thought 52 (3):203-226.
    A decade after the fall of Communism in Europe, the Czech Republic'smembership in the European Union is still a matter of a relatively shortwaiting period of 4 years. Not so the imagination of this membership andthe creation of a political concept created to promote this goal: thespecific Central European policy initiated by Thomas G. Masaryk andrevitalized by Václav Havel. Despite the deep differences in thepolitical thought and philosophical orientations of both Presidents, notto mention the historic rupture of 41 years (...)
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  8.  35
    Political Membership in the Contractarian Defence of Cosmopolitanism.Lea Ypi - 2008 - The Review of Politics 70 (3):442–472.
  9.  68
    Typicality, Graded Membership, and Vagueness.James A. Hampton - 2007 - Cognitive Science 31 (3):355-384.
    This paper addresses theoretical problems arising from the vagueness of language terms, and intuitions of the vagueness of the concepts to which they refer. It is argued that the central intuitions of prototype theory are sufficient to account for both typicality phenomena and psychological intuitions about degrees of membership in vaguely defined classes. The first section explains the importance of the relation between degrees of membership and typicality (or goodness of example) in conceptual categorization. The second and third (...)
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  10.  15
    Refugees, membership, and state system legitimacy.Rebecca Buxton & Jamie Draper - 2022 - Ethics and Global Politics 15 (4):113-130.
    In the literature on refugeehood in political theory, there has been a recent turn towards what have been called “state system legitimacy” views. These views derive an account of states’ obligations to refugees from a broader picture of the conditions for international legitimacy. This paper seeks to develop the state system legitimacy view of refugeehood by subjecting the most developed version of it—the account developed by David Owen—to critical scrutiny. We diagnose an ambiguity in Owen’s theory of refugeehood, in the (...)
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  11. Inclusive Membership as Fairness? A Rawlsian Argument for Provisional Immigrants.Esma Baycan-Herzog - 2022 - Danish Yearbook of Philosophy 55 (2):134-153.
    Infamously, Rawls assumed a democratic society to be “a complete and closed social system,” in that “entry into it is only by birth and exit from it is only by death.” Since the beginning of the present millennium, however, debates about the ethical issues related to immigration have been prominent. In this context, these methodological departure points seem long outdated, if not simply biased. This paper will rework Rawls’s theory of migration for application to the case of provisional immigrants by (...)
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  12.  4
    Associational Membership and Social Capital in Comparative Perspective: a Note on the Problems of Measurement.Laura Morales Diez de Ulzurrun - 2002 - Politics and Society 30 (3):497-523.
    Organizational membership seems to be linked to a more participatory and informed political culture, to foster electoral participation, and to promote positive feelings toward democracy. More recently, the social capital and associative democracy debates have introduced new arguments about the positive effects of associational involvement. However, little attention has been paid to the problems of measuring associational involvement and to their consequences for our theories. This article discusses the various problems of validity and reliability of our measurements of associational (...)
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  13.  53
    Membership Rights for Animals.Will Kymlicka - 2022 - Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 91:213-244.
    It is increasingly acknowledged that animals have an intrinsic moral status, in part due to the influential work of many moral philosophers. However, surprisingly little has been written by philosophers on whether animals are owed social membership and the rights that attach to membership in society. In this paper, I explore why the idea of social membership matters, particularly in relation to domesticated animals, and how it can guide legal and political reforms. Focusing on social membership (...)
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  14.  11
    Membership, Neighborhood Social Identification, Well-Being, and Health for the Elderly in Chile.Emilio Moyano-Díaz & Rodolfo Mendoza-Llanos - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    The world’s elderly population is growing, and in Chile they represent 16.2% of the total population. In Chile, old age is marked by retirement, with a dramatic decrease in income that brings precariousness. Older adults are economically, socially, and psychologically vulnerable populations. This condition increases their likelihood of disengaging from their usual social environment, facilitating their isolation, sadness, and discomfort. From the perspective of social identity, well-being can be explained by two principles: social groups’ importance for health and people’s psychological (...)
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  15.  34
    Membership.Frederick G. Weiss - 1969 - The Owl of Minerva 1 (1):2-2.
    The HSA constitution stipulates that "any person maybe admitted to membership by the Council, subject to confirmation by the Society et the next meeting and shall continue a member so long as he pays dues as determined in the by-laws." Annual dues for students are three dollars, for all others, five dollars. Application for membership should include name, position, institution and address, and should be submitted, with payment of dues, to Professor Donald P. Verene, Treasurer, HSA, Department of (...)
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  16.  32
    Political membership and the demands of global justice.Cristian Pérez Muñoz - 2012 - Ethics and Global Politics 5 (1):57-69.
    Political membership refers to the condition of being a member of a particular political community. It is a relational concept by virtue of the fact that it presupposes a political relation shared by several individuals. Thus, a simple way to think about political membership is in terms of the rights and duties common to all full members of a specific community that it enforces. Those privileges and obligations are commonly delimited by political boundaries which regulate the relations among (...)
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  17.  14
    Diversity in IRB Membership: Views of IRB Chairpersons at U.S. Universities and Academic Medical Centers.Sydney Churchill, Emily A. Largent, Elizabeth Taggert & Holly Fernandez Lynch - 2022 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 13 (4):237-250.
    Background Diversity in Institutional Review Board (IRB) membership is important for both intrinsic and instrumental reasons, including fairness, promoting trust, improving decision quality, and responding to systemic racism. Yet U.S. IRBs remain racially and ethnically homogeneous, even as gender diversity has improved. Little is known about IRB chairpersons’ perspectives on membership diversity and barriers to increasing it, as well as current institutional efforts to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) within IRB membership.Methods We surveyed IRB chairpersons leading (...)
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  18.  12
    Membership categorization analysis: Wild and promiscuous or simply the joy of Sacks?Richard Fitzgerald - 2012 - Discourse Studies 14 (3):305-311.
    The recent resurgence of Sacks’ work on membership categorization has highlighted the growing analytic interest in how members’ social category orientations operate at multiple levels of interactional work. One of the outcomes of this, highlighted in Stokoe’s discussion, is the re-emergence of the question of whether membership categorization analysis has been, is, or can be an approach in its own right. In this brief discussion I consider the emergence of ‘MCA’ as an approach to the study of social-knowledge-in-action, (...)
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  19.  24
    CSA membership and psychological needs fulfillment: an application of self-determination theory. [REVIEW]Lydia Zepeda, Anna Reznickova & Willow Saranna Russell - 2013 - Agriculture and Human Values 30 (4):605-614.
    This qualitative study examines the relevance of self-determination theory to explain retention and attrition in community supported agriculture (CSA). Using a focus group study of CSA members, we examined whether belonging to a CSA supports basic psychological needs for autonomy, competency and relatedness. We found that it did for continuing members. However, for those who did not renew, membership reduced their sense of autonomy, competency, and relatedness. For continuing members, the intensity of their involvement did not affect their needs (...)
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  20.  18
    Membership categorisation and antagonistic Twitter formulations.Marina Jirotka, Rob Procter, Adam Edwards, Helena Webb & William Housley - 2017 - Discourse and Communication 11 (6):567-590.
    During the course of this article, we examine the use of membership categorisation practices by a high-profile celebrity public social media account that has been understood to generate interest, attention and controversy across the UK media ecology. We utilise a data set of harvested tweets gathered from a high-profile public ‘celebrity antagonist’ in order to systematically identify types of antagonistic formulation that have generated different levels of interest within the social media community and beyond. Drawing from classic ethnomethodological studies (...)
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  21.  26
    Social Membership, Contribution, and Justice.Ryan Wilcox - 2022 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 35 (3):1-16.
    Central to the social membership model of animal rights is the claim that relations with nonhuman animals should be reorganized such that domesticated animals are recognized as members of our shared societies. Though some elements of the membership model remain contested, the core of the membership model is that domesticated animals have a claim on, and a direct entitlement to, the benefits of cooperative relations. For many political theorists, however, distributive justice considerations apply only to a certain (...)
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  22.  14
    The Membership and Function of the Research Ethics Committee.Colin Parker - 2008 - Research Ethics 4 (1):31-33.
    This paper focuses on the REC and its political context to clarify the process of ethical review. The examples initially considered are taken from a Research Ethics Review editorial to develop the social explanation of the membership and function of a research ethics committee. It is suggested that the management and administration of medical matters are not always best understood solely in medical terms. The conclusion of the paper is that the larger political relationships determine the membership and (...)
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  23.  12
    Membership categorization and storytelling.Dennis Day & Susanne Kjærbeck - 2019 - Pragmatics and Society 10 (3):359-374.
    In this paper, we demonstrate how the collaborative and sequential unfolding of a story ties into the constitution of a membership categorization device which we have glossed as ‘us and them’. The data come from a focus group activity where first and second generation immigrants to Denmark have been asked to discuss their situation in Denmark. Using Ethnomethodological Conversation and Membership Categorization Analysis, we present one story which involves a story-teller and his family and an elderly Danish couple (...)
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  24.  35
    Species Membership and the Veil of Ignorance: What Principles of Justice would the Representatives of all Animals Choose?Hallie Liberto - 2017 - Utilitas 29 (3):299-320.
    Mark Rowlands gives a compelling argument that, if John Rawls's contractarianism is consistently applied, and Rawls's premises fully explained, then we have powerful reasons to believe that representatives behind the Veil of Ignorance should be blind to species membership in the same way that they are blind to economic status and natural talent.1I argue that even if we suppose this to be correct, these agents would not choose the two principles of justice, but instead ones that more closely resemble (...)
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  25. What Is Graded Membership?Lieven Decock & Igor Douven - 2012 - Noûs 48 (4):653-682.
    It has seemed natural to model phenomena related to vagueness in terms of graded membership. However, so far no satisfactory answer has been given to the question of what graded membership is nor has any attempt been made to describe in detail a procedure for determining degrees of membership. We seek to remedy these lacunae by building on recent work on typicality and graded membership in cognitive science and combining some of the results obtained there with (...)
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  26.  21
    Membership and Morals: The Personal Uses of Pluralism in America.Nancy L. Rosenblum - 1998 - Princeton University Press.
    Rosenblum argues that we should judge associations not only by what they do for civic virtue, but also by what they do for individual members.
  27.  5
    Group Membership Modulates Fairness Consideration Among Deaf College Students—An Event-Related Potential Study.Yuqi Gong, Li Yao, Xiaoyi Chen, Qingling Xia, Jun Jiang & Xue Du - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Group interaction is an essential way of social interaction and plays an important role in our social development. It has been found that when individuals participate in group interactions, the group identity of the interaction partner affects the mental processing and behavioral decision-making of subjects. However, little is known about how deaf college students, who are labeled distinctly different from normal hearing college students, will react when facing proposers from different groups in the ultimatum game and its time course. In (...)
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  28. Membership and Political Obligation.Samuel Scheffler - 2018 - Journal of Political Philosophy:3-23.
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  29.  4
    Membership categorization and professional insanity ascription.Carles Roca-Cuberes - 2008 - Discourse Studies 10 (4):543-570.
    This study, based on three years of research and over 40 hours of videotaped interaction in psychiatry, investigates the issue of insanity ascription/exoneration in psychiatric interviews. Following Sacks's model of membership categorization analysis, this article analyzes the discursive resources that psychiatrists may draw on to achieve some conclusion regarding their patients' psychopathological status. As it turns out, psychiatrists' invocation of patients' putative membership categories plays a crucial role in the achievement of such a conclusion. I examine some fragments (...)
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  30.  22
    Moving forward with membership categorization analysis: Methods for systematic analysis.Elizabeth Stokoe - 2012 - Discourse Studies 14 (3):277-303.
    This article has four aims. First, it will consider explicitly, and polemically, the hierarchical relationship between conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis. Whilst the CA ‘juggernaut’ flourishes, the MCA ‘milk float’ is in danger of being run off the road. For MCA to survive either as a separate discipline, or within CA as a focus equivalent to other ‘generic orders of conversation’, I suggest it must generate new types of systematic studies and reveal fundamental categorial practices. With such a (...)
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  31.  16
    Vagueness, graded membership, and conceptual spaces.Igor Douven - 2016 - Cognition 151:80-95.
    This paper is concerned with a version of Kamp and Partee's account of graded membership that relies on the conceptual spaces framework. Three studies are reported, one to construct a particular shape space, one to detect which shapes representable in that space are typical for certain sorts of objects, and one to elicit degrees of category membership for the various shapes from which the shape space was constructed. Taking Kamp and Partee's proposal as given, the first two studies (...)
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  32.  10
    BBS Memberships.Shamima Parvin Lasker - 2020 - Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 10 (1).
    Bangladesh Bioethics Society (BBS) is inviting all National and International individuals and institutions from any discipline those who are interessted in bioethicsto to become a member of BBS. Bioethics is interdisciplinary study of philosophical, ethical, social, legal, medical, ethnological, environmental, economic, therapeutic, religious, and other related issues arising from biological sciences and technologies, and their applications in human society and the biosphere. Membership Benefits: Leadership Opportunities: Hold elective committee / Subcommittee of BBS Voting right: Right to vote in BBS (...)
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  33. A Theory of Political Obligation: Membership, Commitment, and the Bonds of Society.Margaret Gilbert - 2006 - Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press.
    Does one have special obligations to support the political institutions of one’s own country precisely because it is one’s own? In short, does one have political obligations? This book argues for an affirmative answer, construing one’s country as a political society of which one is a member, and a political society as a special type of social group. The obligations in question are not moral requirements derived from general moral principles. They come, rather, from one’s participation in a special kind (...)
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  34.  11
    Attaching Value to Membership: A Criterion?Valeria Martino - 2023 - Rivista di Estetica 82:79-92.
    The following paper explores the categorisation of groups. Indeed, there are different ways to distinguish human groups from one another: on the one hand, sociological analyses focus their attention on the distinction between being inside and outside of groups; on the other hand, collective action theories mainly focus on the distinction between collectives and aggregates, based on the kind of action that groups can perform, i.e., joint or not. In this paper, we offer an alternative view by adopting the agent’s (...)
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  35.  8
    Membership categorization as a tool for moral casting in TV discussion: The dramaturgical consequentiality of guest introductions.Hanna Rautajoki - 2012 - Discourse Studies 14 (2):243-260.
    This article shows how journalists deploy membership categorization in managing conversational drama among ordinary individuals in live television discussion. The scripted agenda for the discussion is analyzed as an interactional project, being prosecuted by the hosting journalists. The case in focus is a Finnish discussion program broadcast six days after the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the USA in 2001. Five guests are invited to the studio and introduced to the audience. The membership categories that are activated at the (...)
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  36.  45
    Migration, membership, and republican liberty.J. Matthew Hoye - 2021 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 24 (2):179-205.
  37.  23
    Migration, membership, and republican liberty.J. Matthew Hoye - 2021 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 24 (2):179-205.
  38. Group Membership and Political Obligation.Margaret Gilbert - 1993 - The Monist 76 (1):119-131.
    This is how A. John Simmons sets the scene for his discussion of political obligation in his book Moral Principles and Political Obligations, one of the best known contemporary philosophical treatments of the subject.
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  39. Essential membership.Joseph LaPorte - 1997 - Philosophy of Science 64 (1):96-112.
    In this paper I take issue with the doctrine that organisms belong of their very essence to the natural kinds (or biological taxa, if these are not kinds) to which they belong. This view holds that any human essentially belongs to the species Homo sapiens, any feline essentially belongs to the cat family, and so on. I survey the various competing views in biological systematics. These offer different explanations for what it is that makes a member of one species, family, (...)
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  40.  7
    Ethics Committee Membership Selection: A Moral Preference Tool.Stephen J. Humphreys - 2010 - Research Ethics 6 (2):37-42.
    How the diversity of membership of research ethics committees is arrived at has, to date, largely been fairly arbitrary. However, a tool to help determine one's moral preference is now available and it is introduced here as, arguably, having the potential to assist with ensuring a more meaningful diversity amongst an ethics committee's membership. The tool is seen to be easily applied – but, it is argued, may be conceived on at least two false premises. Firstly, despite different (...)
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  41. Respect and Membership in the Moral Community.Carla Bagnoli - 2007 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 10 (2):113 - 128.
    Some philosophers object that Kant's respect cannot express mutual recognition because it is an attitude owed to persons in virtue of an abstract notion of autonomy and invite us to integrate the vocabulary of respect with other persons-concepts or to replace it with a social conception of recognition. This paper argues for a dialogical interpretation of respect as the key-mode of recognition of membership in the moral community. This interpretation highlights the relational and practical nature of respect, and accounts (...)
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  42. Membership and Morality: Admission to Citizenship in Liberal Democratic States.Joseph H. Carens - 1989 - In William Rogers Brubaker (ed.), Immigration and the Politics of Citizenship in Europe and North America. University press of America. pp. 31-49.
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  43.  51
    A realist membership account of political obligation.Zoltán Gábor Szűcs - 2023 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice (5):1-16.
    The paper offers a realist account of political obligation. More precisely, it offers an account that belongs to the Williamsian liberal strain of contemporary realist theory (as opposed to a Geussian radical realist strain) and draws on and expands some ideas familiar from Bernard Williams’s oeuvre (thick/thin ethical concepts, political realism/moralism, a minimal normative threshold for distinctively political rule). Accordingly, the paper will claim that the fact of membership in a polity provides people with sufficient reason for complying with (...)
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  44.  45
    Membership in a kind: Nature, norms, and profound disability.John Vorhaus - 2021 - Metaphilosophy 53 (1):25-37.
    Metaphilosophy, Volume 53, Issue 1, Page 25-37, January 2022.
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  45.  32
    Relational Liberty Revisited: Membership, Solidarity and a Public Health Ethics of Place.Bruce Jennings - 2015 - Public Health Ethics 8 (1):7-17.
    Public health involves the use of power to change institutions and redistribute resources and deliberately to shape individual thought and behavior. This requires normative legitimation and demands ethical critique. This article explores concepts that are vital to public health ethics, but have been relatively neglected. These are membership, solidarity and the concept of place. The article argues that the practice of public health should recognize the equal rights of membership in communities of health justice. Public health should also (...)
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  46.  43
    Membership Has Its Privileges? Life, Personhood, and Potential in Discussions about Reproductive Choice.Jonathan F. Will - 2015 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 43 (2):358-362.
    As Professor Dov Fox points out in his essay, reference to “potential life” in American abortion jurisprudence is both indeterminate and underspecified. This commentary highlights that use of the phrase “potential life” by courts also obscures the fact that a position has been taken that biological life is not the equivalent of legal personhood. Worse, the position has been imposed on those who do not share it without offering reasons to justify its imposition in terms that those who oppose it (...)
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  47.  18
    Membership ballots and the value of intra-party democracy.Fabio Wolkenstein - 2018 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 21 (4):433-455.
  48.  22
    Negative membership.Wayne D. Blizard - 1990 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 31 (3):346-368.
  49.  30
    On participation and membership in discursive practices.Kenneth Shockley - 2006 - Philosophy of the Social Sciences 36 (1):67-85.
    For a view which grounds norms in the practices of a particular group, determining who is in that group will determine the scope of those norms. Such a view requires an account of what it is to be a member of the group subject to that practice. In this article, the author presents the beginnings of such an account, limiting his inquiry to discursive practices; we might characterize such practices as those which require, as a condition of participation, participants both (...)
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  50.  54
    Membership categories and time appraisal in interviews with family caregivers of disabled elderly.Isabella Paoletti - 2001 - Human Studies 24 (4):293-325.
    In this study caring is shown to be a membershipbound activity to kin and gender categories with strong moral connotations. Being a daughter or being a son are good enough reasons for becoming a caregiver, more so for women than for men. Caregivers were interviewed within the research project The role of women in family care of disabled elderly conducted by the Social and Economic Research Department of INRCA, Ancona, Italy. Transcripts of the interviews were analyzed through a detailed discourse (...)
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