Results for 'Frédéric Voltaire'

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  1.  5
    Sentiment des citoyens.Frédéric Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Eigeldinger & Rousseau - 1997 - Genève: Diffusion hors France, Slatkine. Edited by Frédéric Eigeldinger & Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
  2.  14
    Philip Knee, L’expérience de la perte autour du moment 1800, Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 2014, 304 pages. [REVIEW]Frédéric Brahami - 2017 - Philosophiques 44 (1):179.
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  3. Voltaire, Maupertuis e o debate sobre o princípio de ação mínima no século XVIII: aspectos científicos e extracientíficos.Roberto de Andrade Martins & Silva Ana Paula Bispo da - 2007 - Filosofia Unisinos 8 (2):146-169.
    Towards the middle of the 18th century, Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis proposed the “principle of least action” as a fundamental law of physics and as a proof of the existence of God. Samuel König and other contemporary authors criticized Maupertuis’ work. There ensued a fierce discussion concerning this subject, in which Leonhard Euler, the king Frédéric II of Prussia and Voltaire took part. This paper discusses that debate, emphasizing its extrascientific features and analyzing the interests that motivated the (...)
     
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  4. Fitness, probability and the principles of natural selection.Frederic Bouchard & Alexander Rosenberg - 2004 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 55 (4):693-712.
    We argue that a fashionable interpretation of the theory of natural selection as a claim exclusively about populations is mistaken. The interpretation rests on adopting an analysis of fitness as a probabilistic propensity which cannot be substantiated, draws parallels with thermodynamics which are without foundations, and fails to do justice to the fundamental distinction between drift and selection. This distinction requires a notion of fitness as a pairwise comparison between individuals taken two at a time, and so vitiates the interpretation (...)
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  5. Causal processes, fitness, and the differential persistence of lineages.Frédéric Bouchard - 2008 - Philosophy of Science 75 (5):560-570.
    Ecological fitness has been suggested to provide a unifying definition of fitness. However, a metric for this notion of fitness was in most cases unavailable except by proxy with differential reproductive success. In this article, I show how differential persistence of lineages can be used as a way to assess ecological fitness. This view is inspired by a better understanding of the evolution of some clonal plants, colonial organisms, and ecosystems. Differential persistence shows the limitation of an ensemblist noncausal understanding (...)
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  6. Darwinism without populations: a more inclusive understanding of the “Survival of the Fittest”.Frédéric Bouchard - 2011 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 42 (1):106-114.
    Following Wallace’s suggestion, Darwin framed his theory using Spencer’s expression “survival of the fittest”. Since then, fitness occupies a significant place in the conventional understanding of Darwinism, even though the explicit meaning of the term ‘fitness’ is rarely stated. In this paper I examine some of the different roles that fitness has played in the development of the theory. Whereas the meaning of fitness was originally understood in ecological terms, it took a statistical turn in terms of reproductive success throughout (...)
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  7.  24
    La position de D'Alembert Par Rapport au matérialisme.Michel Paty - 1981 - Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 171 (1):49 - 66.
    En contrepoint à son œuvre mathématique et physique — et en relation avec elle — d'Alembert a développé une théorie de la connaissance influencée par Locke et le sensualisme de Condillac, mais centrée avant tout sur une épistémologie de la physique newtonienne. Réaliste, prônant le recours à l'expérience, il est en même temps profondément rationaliste, et même précisément, quoiqu'il s'en défende plutôt, dans la lignée de Descartes, Mais, bien que la Raison soit sa référence fondamentale, à tel point qu'il voudrait (...)
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  8. Dictionnaire philosophique.Christiane Voltaire, Andrew Mervaud & Brown - 1827 - Paris,: Garnier. Edited by Raymond Naves & Julien Benda.
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  9.  56
    What Is a Symbiotic Superindividual and How Do You Measure Its Fitness?Frédéric Bouchard - 2013 - In Frédéric Bouchard & Philippe Huneman (eds.), From Groups to Individuals: Evolution and Emerging Individuality. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. pp. 243.
  10. Ecosystem Evolution is About Variation and Persistence, not Populations and Reproduction.Frédéric Bouchard - 2014 - Biological Theory 9 (4):382-391.
    Building upon a non-standard understanding of evolutionary process focusing on variation and persistence, I will argue that communities and ecosystems can evolve by natural selection as emergent individuals. Evolutionary biology has relied ever increasingly on the modeling of population dynamics. Most have taken for granted that we all agree on what is a population. Recent work has reexamined this perceived consensus. I will argue that there are good reasons to restrict the term “population” to collections of monophyletically related replicators and (...)
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  11.  13
    Happiness: a philosopher's guide.Frédéric Lenoir - 2015 - Brooklyn: Melville House.
    A huge bestseller in Europe, Frederic Lenoir’s Happiness is an exciting journey that examines how history’s greatest philosophers and religious figures have answered life’s most fundamental question: What is happiness and how do I achieve it? From the ancient Greeks on—from Aristotle, Plato, and Chuang Tzu to the Buddha, Jesus, and Muhammad; from Voltaire, Spinoza, and Schopenhauer to Kant, Freud, and even modern neuroscientists—Lenoir considers the idea that true and lasting happiness is indeed possible. In clear language, Lenoir concisely (...)
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  12. Symbiosis, lateral function transfer and the (many) saplings of life.Frédéric Bouchard - 2010 - Biology and Philosophy 25 (4):623-641.
    One of intuitions driving the acceptance of a neat structured tree of life is the assumption that organisms and the lineages they form have somewhat stable spatial and temporal boundaries. The phenomenon of symbiosis shows us that such ‘fixist’ assumptions does not correspond to how the natural world actually works. The implications of lateral gene transfer (LGT) have been discussed elsewhere; I wish to stress a related point. I will focus on lateral function transfer (LFT) and will argue, using examples (...)
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  13.  8
    Comment les Monades Conduisent Au Scepticisme.Jean-Marc Rohrbasser - 2007 - Revue de Synthèse 128 (3-4):341-355.
    La métaphysique de Leibniz revue par Wolff est débattue dans la correspondance qu'entretiennent Voltaire et Frédéric, futur Frédéric II. Ce dernier tente d'initier et de convertir Voltaire au wolffisme. Même s'il la prétend remarquable, Voltaire estime peu la méthode wolffienne. Refusant le fidéisme à la Bayle, Frédéric ne se résout pas à renoncer volontairement aux connaissances que l'on peut acquérir par le raisonnement. Selon Voltaire, les vérités métaphysiques demeurent inaccessibles. La seule position défendable (...)
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  14.  50
    How ecosystem evolution strengthens the case for functional pluralism.Frédéric Bouchard - 2013 - In Philippe Huneman (ed.), Functions: selection and mechanisms. Springer. pp. 83--95.
  15.  1
    Lettres. Plato & Luc Brisson - 1994
    Les lettres présentent, par rapport au reste de l'œuvre de Platon, un double intérêt : là seulement le philosophe parle à la première personne, là seulement il se décrit en action. Les Lettres nous présentent un autre Platon que celui des dialogues, celui qui, tout jeune homme, veut jouer un rôle politique à Athènes et qui, plus tard, cherche à réaliser à Syracuse les projets politiques qu'on trouve exposés d'abord dans la République, puis dans le Politique et dans les Lois. (...)
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  16.  95
    Understanding colonial traits using symbiosis research and ecosystem ecology.Frédéric Bouchard - 2009 - Biological Theory 4 (3):240-246.
    E. O. Wilson (1974: 54) describes the problem that social organisms pose: “On what bases do we distinguish the extremely modified members of an invertebrate colony from the organs of a metazoan animal?” This framing of the issue has inspired many to look more closely at how groups of organisms form and behave as emergent individuals. The possible existence of “superorganisms” test our best intuitions about what can count and act as genuine biological individuals and how we should study them. (...)
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  17.  1
    Le philosophe et le tyran: histoire d'une illusion.Christian Delacampagne - 2000 - Paris: Presses Universitaires de France - PUF.
    Les philosophes, disait Robert Musil, sont des êtres violents qui, faute d'avoir une armée à leur disposition, se soumettent le monde en l'enfermant dans un système. Il peut aussi leur arriver de vouloir atteindre leurs objectifs en devenant les conseillers d'un prince. Ils s'exposent, en ce cas, à de pénibles frustrations, car le prince (" bon " roi ou " méchant " tyran) n'a que faire des conseils d'un naïf philosophe. Si je reviens ici sur les temps forts de cette (...)
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  18. Fitness.Frédéric Bouchard - 2005 - In Sahotra Sarkar & Jessica Pfeifer (eds.), The Philosophy of Science: An Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge. pp. 310--315.
  19.  15
    An Extension of Basic Logic.Frederic B. Fitch - 1949 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 14 (1):68-69.
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  20. The Roles of Institutional Trust and Distrust in Grounding Rational Deference to Scientific Expertise.Frédéric Bouchard - 2016 - Perspectives on Science 24 (5):582-608.
    Given the complexity of most phenomena, we have to delegate much epistemic work to other knowers and we must find reasons for relying on these specific knowers and not others. In our societies, these other knowers are often called experts and we rely on their epistemic authority more and more. For many complex phenomena such as climate change, genetically modified crops, and immunization, the experts that are called upon are scientific experts. For that reason, finding good reasons and justification for (...)
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  21.  12
    Histoire du livre et histoire des cultures: France et Allemagne, XVIIIe–XIXe siècle.Frédéric Barbier - 1993 - Revue de Synthèse 114 (3-4):527-532.
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  22.  8
    Histoire du livre, histoire des cultures les mondes allemands, moyen 'ge-XIXe siècle.Frédéric Barbier - 1996 - Revue de Synthèse 117 (3-4):485-495.
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  23.  12
    Itinéraires culturels modernes et contemporains.Frédéric Barbier, Monique Cottret, Chryssanthi Avlami, Igor Sokologorsky, Michèle Riot-Sarcey & Charlotte Guichard - 2001 - Revue de Synthèse 122 (2-4):706-719.
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  24.  10
    A Further Consistent Extension of Basic Logic.Frederic B. Fitch - 1950 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 15 (3):219-220.
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  25.  7
    Representations of Calculi.Frederic B. Fitch - 1946 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 11 (1):28-29.
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  26.  10
    The Heine-Borel Theorem in Extended Basic Logic.Frederic B. Fitch - 1950 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 15 (2):137-137.
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  27.  23
    The System CΔ of Combinatory Logic.Frederic B. Fitch - 1964 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 29 (4):198-199.
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  28. La Défense de mon oncle: [texte de l'éd. orig. de] 1767 ; (suivie de) A Warburton.José-Michel Voltaire & Moureaux - 1978 - Paris: Champion. Edited by José-Michel Moureaux.
     
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  29.  13
    Lettres philosophiques.Gustave Voltaire - 2010 - Classiques Garnier. Edited by Olivier Ferret & Antony McKenna.
    Selon l'expression de Lanson, les Lettres philosophiques sont «la première bombe lancée contre l'Ancien Régime». L'ouvrage connaît deux éditions: une édition anglaise et une édition française, qui comporte une vingt-cinquième lettre «Sur les Pensées de M. Pascal». Les Lettres anglaises sont devenues philosophiques: elle sont aussi immédiatement condamnées.On trouvera ici le texte de cette édition, accompagné d'un choix de variantes et d'un ensemble d'esquisses et d'avant-textes. Surtout, la présente édition fait le pari de montrer la cohérence de l'ouvrage à la (...)
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  30.  5
    Opere filosofiche.Maria Voltaire & Moneti - 1988 - Scandicci, Firenze: La Nuova Italia. Edited by Maria Moneti.
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  31. The Newtonian Philosophy Compared with That of Leibnitz.John Voltaire, Robert Hanna & Urie - 1764 - Printed for Robert Urie.
  32.  23
    Des fourmis et des hommes : examen des prémisses darwiniennes dans la pensée de Benoît Dubreuil. Benoît Dubreuil, Human Evolution and the Origins of HierarchiesBenoît Dubreuil, Human Evolution and the Origins of Hierarchies.Frédéric Bouchard - 2012 - Philosophiques 39 (1):265-270.
  33.  18
    Neutron scattering studies on URu2Si2.Frederic Bourdarot, Stephane Raymond & Louis-Pierre Regnault - 2014 - Philosophical Magazine 94 (32-33):3702-3722.
  34.  29
    Rationalité et néo-darwinisme: l'origine de la pensée selon de Sousa.Frédéric Bouchard - 2007 - Dialogue 46 (1):155-163.
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  35.  11
    The Consistency of the Ramified Principia.Frederic B. Fitch - 1939 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 4 (2):97-98.
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  36.  7
    A Demonstrably Consistent Mathematics.Frederic B. Fitch - 1951 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 16 (4):268-269.
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  37.  9
    An Extension of Computational Logic.Frederic B. Fitch & Alan Rose - 1952 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 17 (3):204.
  38.  3
    On Natural Numbers, Integers, and Rationals.Frederic B. Fitch - 1950 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 14 (4):258-258.
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  39. Policy announcement.Frederic B. Fitch - 1963 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 28 (1/4):111.
  40.  13
    Prior A. N.. Peirce's axioms for propositions calculus.Frederic B. Fitch - 1960 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 25 (1):87-87.
  41.  14
    Patterson Edwin W.. Logic in the law. University of Pennsylvania law review, vol. 90 , pp. 875–909.Frederic B. Fitch - 1942 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 7 (4):173-173.
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  42.  4
    Quasi-Constructive Foundations for Mathematics.Frederic B. Fitch - 1972 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 37 (2):402-402.
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  43.  5
    Quine W. V.. Element and number.Frederic B. Fitch - 1942 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 7 (3):121-122.
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  44.  5
    Quine W. V.. On universals. Gödel prefix, a single binary predicate. pp. 74–84.Frederic B. Fitch - 1948 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 13 (1):48-49.
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  45.  13
    Quine W. V.. Concatenation as a basis for arithmetic.Frederic B. Fitch - 1948 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 13 (4):219-220.
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  46. Rose Alan. An extension of computational logic.Frederic B. Fitch - 1952 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 17 (3):203-204.
  47.  13
    Rosser Barkley. The Burali-Forti paradox.Frederic B. Fitch - 1942 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 7 (3):120-121.
  48.  8
    Reviews. H. Meyer. On definitions in symbolic logic. Synthese, vol. 5 , pp. 261–266, 353–361.Frederic B. Fitch - 1948 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 13 (2):122-123.
  49.  11
    Reach K.. Some comments on Grelling's paper “Zur Logik der Sollsaelze.” Unity of science forum, 04, 1939, p. 72.Frederic B. Fitch - 1940 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 5 (1):39-39.
  50.  5
    :Representation of Sequential Circuits in Combinatory Logic.Frederic B. Fitch - 1965 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 30 (3):380-380.
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