Ukraine faces a threat of full-fledged default and deep financial and political crisis. The current deep recession is the country's second major economic crisis in ten years. Ukraine was severely affected by the global financial crisis in 2008, with its economy shrinking by 15% in 2009. The economy remained weak in the aftermath, as former government caused the business climate worsening. The lack of reforms limited growth of GDP to just 0.3% in 2012 and remained static in 2013. By the (...) end of 2013, Ukraine was already on the brink of collapse. The conflict in the eastern part of the country has further exacerbated the recession. Today the sources of economic growth in Ukraine have been exhausted, and the country is strongly increasing its debts trying to attract foreign investment. The government’s reform efforts have so far failed to significantly improve the country’s business climate. Ukraine is ranked 83rd out of 189 countries in the latest World Bank's ‘Doing Business’ 2016 index. This score is the second worst in Europe. Ukraine is still considered the most corrupt country in Europe as well. The persistent state of war has disrupted industrial production, which is mainly located in the eastern part. The article elucidates recent events in Ukraine as well as gives a brief historical overview. The influence of misleading governance of economic situation is revealed. The positive scenario, in which Ukraine overcomes default, is unlikely to happen unless the firm measures are to be taken. (shrink)

The aim of the study is to analyze the terminological origins of the concept of «space», which in turn is one of the fundamental philosophical categories. Thus, the concept of space is used in everyday and scientific life, which allows us to explore its diversity. It was worth referring to the original sources of the concept, so in Hebrew we find the concept of space – אֶרֶץ (eretz / arets), which contains the meaning of “land”, “space”, “land of the people”, (...) “country”, “people”, “land for work”, “place of residence”. It turns out, with the help of linguistic sources, that the eretz has its equivalent in the Greek language in the form of χωρα (chora), which refers us to a more detailed study of this concept. So, in Greek the chora it means “country”, “area”, “city”, “village”, “people”, “field”, etc., but the interesting point is that the meaning of the word can be understood only in a specific use depending on from the context. In this case, the chora acquires interesting meanings, as a type of activity, type of work or an area of philosophy. The chora has many word forms, all of which indicate place, movement, exchange, transition, and interpenetration. One of the first to use this word in his philosophy was Plato, so he gave it a different meaning, revealing its deep meanings. The idea of ​​the Platonic chora is important for explaining the universe in ancient times. Thus, the Platonic chora is now referred to as the “nurse of all births”, “receptacle”, “abode”, “cradle”, etc. It acts as a mediator between the world of ideas and the world of copies, it accepts everything that was to be born, without changing, without distorting, it conforms to the law of the cosmos, in it everything is in its place according to its purpose. Consideration of the representatives of Neoplatonism helped to expand, clarify and supplement the conceptual apparatus of the study. The space, once deprived of spirituality (fullness), regains its vital colors. Thus, space is considered not as physical matter, geometric area or length, but as a kind of analogue of the state of interaction of a place and what this place fills. (shrink)

У пропонованій статті автори розмірковують над теоретичним базисом та практичністю застосування духовних настанов і філософських порад, спрямованих на виховання молоді від блаженного священномученика Української Греко-Католицької Церкви (далі – УГКЦ) єпископа Миколая Чарнецького. Наукова розвідка спрямована на формування в молодих людей почуття духовності, моральності, патріотизму та психологічної зрілості. Проблематика дослідження полягає в тому, що сучасний стан розвитку суспільства в умовах жорстокої російської агресії вимагає правильного виховання та формування зрілих особистостей. Консолідація навколо однієї мети – перемоги та відродження України найближчим часом, потребує (...) правильного виховання молоді, в руках якої буде державотворення в майбутньому. Авторами актуалізуються питання значущості та впливу роздумів блаженного священномученика на морально-патріотичне виховання громадян. Метою статті є висвітлити та охарактеризувати повчання блаженного священномученика Миколая Чарнецького, спрямовані на виховання молоді у християнському та морально-патріотичному дусі. Завдання полягає в розкритті мети, основних принципів застосування та філософських аспектів духовних настанов єпископа Миколая Чарнецького. (shrink)

In this article we consider certain elements of the normative theory of Jürgen Habermas in the light of the proposals of Bruce Ackerman, with a view to strengthening a concept of deliberative democracy applied to the legitimation of juridical rules. We do not construct a hierarchy of the two positions, but seek to bring together certain elements to achieve a common project. As the starting point for examining the work of the two authors, we take the scheme proposed by Habermas (...) in Faktizität und Geltung. In this connection, through the work of Ackerman, we intend to fill in some of the gaps that Habermas appears to have left in the theory of radical democracy applied to the law. The work of Ackerman can make a significant contribution to deliberative democracy, to the discourse principle that Habermas defines, and to the contractualist theories from a liberal perspective. The study of these contributions makes possible a critical judgment that enables the legitimation of juridical rules carried out by Habermas to acquire greater practicity. In examining the epistemological status of juridical science and law, we attempt to determine the weight and the performance of normative democracy. In Tarr's view, it is a matter for philosophers to examine direct democracy and its desirability. (shrink)

James I. The Political Works of James I. Reprinted from the Edition of 1616. With an Introduction by Charles Howard McIlwain. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1918. cxi, 354 pp. Reprinted 2002 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.

Against the traditional view, Alvin Goldman argues that logic, probability theory, and linguistic analysis cannot by themselves delineate principles of rationality or justified belief. The mind's operations must be taken into account.