Introduction The contributors to this volume were asked to write on some aspect of a problem area which has been the focus of much controversy, ...

Die in PU § 199 formulierte These von der Mehrfachanwendung wird als Konsequenz der von Wittgenstein in seiner Diskussion des Regelfolgens geübten Kritik an der platonischen Hypostasiemng der Normativität von Regeln (Bedeutungen) und damit ihres Meinens und Verstehens interpretiert. Am Beispiel der von Colin McGinn vertretenen Gleichsetzung des Verstehens mit einer Fähigkeit wird gezeigt, daß man, wenn man den Zusammenhang zwischen der Forderung derMehrfachanwendung und der Kritik am Piatonismus vemachlässigt, den konstitutiven Charakter des Verstehens voraussetzen muß. Die Abhängigkeit des Praxischarakters (...) des Verstehens von der Falschheit des Piatonismus und damit von der konstitutiven Lesart der These von der Mehrfachanwendung wird dann - am Beispiel Malcolms - für die Kritik der kommunalen Analyse des Regelfolgens fruchtbar gemacht. Die kommunale Analyse identifiziert zwei Positionen - dieFrage eines sozial isolierten und die eines privaten Regelfolgens, die Wittgenstein in unveröffentlichten Manuskripten explizit auseinandergehalten hat und von denen nur die Möglichkeit eines privaten Regelfolgens den Piatonismus voraussetzt. Wenn also die These der Mehrfachanwendung eine Konsequenz des Antiplatonismus ist, kann mit ihr noch nicht die Möglichkeit sozial isolierten Regelfolgens verworfen sein. (shrink)

Die in PU § 199 formulierte These von der Mehrfachanwendung wird als Konsequenz der von Wittgenstein in seiner Diskussion des Regelfolgens geübten Kritik an der platonischen Hypostasiemng der Normativität von Regeln (Bedeutungen) und damit ihres Meinens und Verstehens interpretiert. Am Beispiel der von Colin McGinn vertretenen Gleichsetzung des Verstehens mit einer Fähigkeit wird gezeigt, daß man, wenn man den Zusammenhang zwischen der Forderung derMehrfachanwendung und der Kritik am Piatonismus vemachlässigt, den konstitutiven Charakter des Verstehens voraussetzen muß. Die Abhängigkeit des Praxischarakters (...) des Verstehens von der Falschheit des Piatonismus und damit von der konstitutiven Lesart der These von der Mehrfachanwendung wird dann - am Beispiel Malcolms - für die Kritik der kommunalen Analyse des Regelfolgens fruchtbar gemacht. Die kommunale Analyse identifiziert zwei Positionen - dieFrage eines sozial isolierten und die eines privaten Regelfolgens, die Wittgenstein in unveröffentlichten Manuskripten explizit auseinandergehalten hat und von denen nur die Möglichkeit eines privaten Regelfolgens den Piatonismus voraussetzt. Wenn also die These der Mehrfachanwendung eine Konsequenz des Antiplatonismus ist, kann mit ihr noch nicht die Möglichkeit sozial isolierten Regelfolgens verworfen sein. (shrink)

First, we argue that Dummett, in his accusing Husserl of psychologism, does not pay sufficient attention to the phenomenological framework of Husserl's philosophy. This framework must be taken into account for understanding why Husserl is not a psychologist in the theory of meaning. Second, it is shown that the thoughts required by Evans' theory of understanding indexical utterances are not to be identified with mental events as understood by psychologism. We then emphasize what Husserl's and Evans' explanation of the mind (...) share, and finally argue that Dummett's anti-psychologism is based on a psychologistic view of consciousness which is not questioned by Dummett. (shrink)

In what follows, I will concentrate on the type of temporality which structures Wittgenstein's method of a perspicuous representation, or of a synoptic overview (übersichtliche Darstellung). I will argue that the temporal order which applies to (giving) a perspicuous representation is best to be described as retroactivity, deferred action or afterwardness (Nachträglichkeit), a concept which calls into question the ordinary conception of time as a linear and irreversible process as well as of a clear break between present and past. First, (...) I will turn to Sigmund Freud and the way he developed the concept of Nachträglichkeit or retroactivity in some of his case-studies. The basic idea here is that the meaning or content of a past experience is constituted by repeating it in a different or disguised way. I will then argue that the relation between a perspicuous representation and what is made perspicuous is best interpreted as a relation of Nachträglichkeit. This interpretation also accounts for the involvement of the subject in the object made perspicuous—as it is stressed by Wittgenstein and illustrated by his discursive method. (shrink)

Societies change; and sociology has, since its inception, described and evaluated these changes. This article proposes a revised theory of collective learning processes, a conceptual framework which addresses ways in which people make sense of and cope with change. Drawing on Habermas’ classic proposal, but shifting the focus from argumentation towards storytelling, it explains how certain articulations allow for collective learning processes (imagining more inclusive orders), while others block learning processes (imagining more exclusive orders). More specifically, the article points to (...) narrative genres (romance, tragedy, comedy and irony) which organize feelings and shape the social bond, proposing that ironic and tragic stories have the potential to trigger collective learning processes, while romantic and comic stories tend to block them. (shrink)

In _The Idealism of Freedom_, Klaus Vieweg argues for a Hegelian turn in philosophy: Hegel’s idealism of freedom contains a number of epoch-making ideas that articulate a new understanding of freedom, which still shape contemporary philosophy.

La menzogna è irrinunciabile per vincere in politica? Davi ci spiega quali sono i meccanismi di persuasione a cui ricorrono taluni politici per farsi eleggere e quali le responsabilità di quegli elettori che scelgono comunque di votare chi sostiene anche ciò che non può essere vero. È indubbio che la comunicazione politica si rifaccia al simbolismo e al linguaggio delle favole; non necessariamente per occultare la realtà, ma più direttamente per esprimere con maggiore efficacia il suo messaggio. Alle celebri favole (...) di 'Biancaneve', 'Cenerentola', 'Il brutto anatroccolo' sono ricorsi infatti uomini politici del calibro di Berlusconi, Prodi, Nixon, Carter, Mitterrand e partiti quali la Democrazia Cristiana; l'hanno fatto per conquistare voti ma anche per attivare ampi meccanismi di consenso che attingessero direttamente dall'inconscio collettivo. Le conseguenze - ammonisce l'autore - possono essere molto serie, come nel caso dell'attuale politica americana che ha portato la manipolazione e l'inganno a essere riconosciuti come tratti identitari della presidenza di George W. Bush. (shrink)

One of six commentaries on “Obesity: Chasing an Elusive Epidemic,” by Daniel Callahan, from the January‐February 2013 issue.

In this book, linguists and philosophers combine to offer a unique insight not only into Grice's contribution to philosophy of language, but on his theories of natural and non-natural meaning, implicatures and the semantic-pragmatic distinction.

We highlight the need to focus on the underlying determinants and production mechanisms to fully understand the nature of facial expression of emotion and to settle the theoretical debate about the meaning of motor expression. Although emotion theorists have generally remained rather vague about the details of the process, this has been a central concern of componential appraisal theories. We describe the fundamental assumptions and predictions of this approach regarding the patterning of facial expressions for different emotions. We also review (...) recent evidence for the assumption that specific facial muscle movements may be reliable symptoms of certain appraisal outcomes and that facial expressions unfold over time on the basis of a sequence of appraisal check results. (shrink)

Appraisal theories of emotion have had a strong impact on the development of theory and experimental research in the domain of the affective sciences. While there is generally a high degree of convergence between theorists in this tradition, some central issues are open to debate. In this contribution three issues have been chosen for discussion: (a) varieties of relevance detection, (b) varieties of valence appraisal, and (c) sequential-cumulative effects of appraisal results. In addressing these issues, new theoretical ideas are suggested (...) and an update of recent research on the sequence of appraisal processes is provided. Special emphasis is placed on nonverbal signatures of appraisal processes. (shrink)

I show that in his De motu animalium Aristoteles proposes a teleology of the practical on the most general zoological level, i.e. on the level common to humans and self-moving animals. A teleology of the practical is a teleological account of the highest practical goals of animal and human self-motion. I argue that Aristotle conceives of such highest practical goals as goals that are contingently related to their realizations. Animal and human self-motion is the kind of action in which certain (...) state of affairs that realize values are mechanized. (shrink)

Aus dem Inhalt: Die transzendentallogische Funktion des Ich (Klaus Hammacher). - Du formel au transcendental: remarques sur l'itineraire de Husserl et de Fichte (Therese Pentzopoulou-Valalas). - Fichte und das Problem des intelligiblen Fatalismus (Georg Wallwitz). - Die Philosophie in Freiheit setzen: Freiheitsbegriff und Freiheit des Begriffs bei Schelling (Felix Duque).

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag analysiert auf der Basis theoretischer Überlegungen sowie empirischer Ergebnisse Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer „interkulturellen Öffnung“ von Sportvereinen, worunter Strukturanpassungen verstanden werden, die auf die Inklusion und Integration von Personen mit Migrationshintergrund zielen. Es wird gezeigt, inwiefern eine nachhaltige interkulturelle Öffnung der Vereine von der programmatischen Anbindung an den Vereinszweck, von der kontinuierlichen Behandlung in den Kommunikationswegen, von spezifischen Personalentscheidungen und der Kompatibilität mit der Organisationskultur abhängig ist.

Vorwort. Das Verhältnis zwischen transzendentalphilosophischem Denkansatz und evolutionärer Erkenntnistheorie, Thema unserer Wuppertaler Tagung vom Dezember 1990, diskutiert dieser Band in seinen ersten beiden Teilen aus sehr...

This important and challenging book is the fruit of many years of engagement with Aristotle’s thinking about the soul-body relation by one of the most distingui.