Residências Integradas Multiprofissionais em Saúde são programas de pós-graduação caracterizados por ensino em serviço. A ULBRA oferece o programa com ênfase em Saúde do Adulto e do Idoso e Saúde Comunitária. Objetiva-se descrever as atividades realizadas em ambiente hospitalar por enfermeiras. Trata-se de um relato de experiência de enfermeiras residentes em relação ao primeiro ano de formação especializada. O primeiro ano de residência abrangeu atividades em unidades de internação, centro cirúrgico e unidade de tratamento intensivo. Diversas foram as atividades desenvolvidas (...) pelas residentes, abrangendo aperfeiçoamento técnico, produção de conhecimento científico e atuação em gestão e gerenciamento. A presença de tutores e preceptores é fundamental no sentido de discutir, orientar e facilitar a inserção e o desenvolvimento profissional do residente. O programa de residência permitiu aperfeiçoar habilidades nos três campos de atuação da categoria: assistência, gerenciamento e pesquisa. (shrink)

It has been argued that belief in free will is socially consequential and psychologically universal. In this paper we look at the folk concept of free will and its critical assessment in the context of recent psychological research. Is there a widespread consensus about the conceptual content of free will? We compared English “free will” with its lexical equivalents in Lithuanian, Hindi, Chinese and Mongolian languages and found that unlike Lithuanian, Chinese, Hindi and Mongolian lexical expressions of “free will” do (...) not refer to the same concept free will. What kind people have been studied so far? A review of papers indicate that, overall, 91% of participants in studies on belief in free will were WEIRD. Thus, given that free will has no cross-culturally universal conceptual content and that most of the reviewed studies were based on WEIRD samples, belief in free will is not a psychological universal. (shrink)

Nichols and Bruno claim that the folk judge that psychological continuity is necessary for personal identity. In this article, we evaluate this claim. First, we argue that it is likely that in thinking about hypothetical cases of transformations, the folk do not use a unitary concept of personal identity, but instead rely on different concepts of ‘person’, ‘identity’, and ‘individual’. Identity can be ascribed even when post-transformation individuals are no longer categorized as persons. Second, we provide new empirical evidence suggesting (...) that the folk do not consider psychological continuity to be necessary for an individual to be categorized as a person or for ascribing identity over time and through transformations. In this, we assume, along with Nichols and Bruno, that folk judgments about identity can be read off the use of proper names. Furthermore, we raise some doubts about the ability of current experimental designs to adequately distinguish between qualitative and numerical identity jud.. (shrink)

In this paper we report a study conducted in Mongolia on the scope of morality, that is, the extent to which people moralize different social domains. Following Turiel’s moral-conventional task, we characterized moral transgressions (in contrast to conventional transgressions) in terms of two dimensions: authority independence and generality of scope. Different moral domains are then defined by grouping such moral transgressions in terms of their content (following Haidt’s classification of morally relevant domains). There are four main results of the study. (...) First, since all five Haidtian domains were moralized by the Mongolian participants, the study provides evidence in favour of pluralism about moral domains. However, the study also suggests that the domain of harm can be reduced to the fairness domain. Furthermore, although the strong claim about reduction of all moral domains to the domain of fairness does not seem to hold a significant number of participants did indicate considerations of fairness across domains. Finally, a significant amount of participants moralized conventional transgressions a la Turiel, but it did not reach a statistical significance. (shrink)

In the current study, we examine the changes in disclosure practices on compliance and the fight against corruption at Siemens AG, a large German multinational corporation, over the period 2000–2011 during which a major corruption scandal was revealed. More specifically, we conduct a content analysis of the company’s annual reports and sustainability reports during that period to investigate the changes of Siemens’ corruption and compliance disclosure using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Through the lens of legitimacy theory, stakeholder analysis, and (...) organizational façades, we find evidence that Siemens changed its compliance and corruption disclosure practices to repair its legitimacy in the wake of the 2006 corruption scandal. We analyze these strategies more closely by using the rational, progressive, and reputation façades framework. Our primary findings suggest that the annual reports show peaks of disclosure amounts on corruption and compliance disclosures earlier than sustainability reports, which can be partly explained by analyzing the disclosures made about—and to—the different stakeholder groups. We find that the annual report focuses more on internal stakeholders such as employees, while the sustainability report focuses more on external stakeholders such as suppliers. We also find that the company uses the façades differently depending on which report is being analyzed. (shrink)

Gadamer pretende realizar uma defesa da tradição, reabilitando-a no cenário filosófico como elemento fundamental do conhecimento em geral. Para tanto, o filósofo procura refutar a tese de que os sentidos herdados constituem uma determinação acrítica de nossas compreensões. Como mostraremos, a resposta gadameriana a tal problema deve ser extraída da sua análise da linguagem, que podemos encontrar, de maneira especial, na terceira parte de Verdade e Método . Assim, esta análise condicionaria a verdadeira reabilitação da tradição, uma vez que o (...) estudo do fenômeno da compreensão levaria Gadamer a considerar linguagem e compreensão como essencialmente relacionados. (shrink)

Resumo: Discuto a abordagem de Darwin sobre meios e finalidades de expressões emocionais, com destaque para o choro e sorriso dos bebês; e apresento algumas contribuições, que se depreendem desse conteúdo, para a reflexão das práticas educativas direcionadas à estas crianças que se encontram na primeira etapa da vida. Para tanto, utilizo de descrições e análises apresentadas por Darwin em “A expressão das emoções nos homens e animais”, publicado em 1872 (2009); apresento perspectivas de estudiosos contemporâneos, que tratam das expressões (...) emocionais, tais como: Tomasello (2003) e Damásio (2011). Com base nessas considerações, abordo sobre a importância das expressões emocionais no desenvolvimento de práticas educativas dirigida aos bebês, adicionando ao debate comentários de estudiosos que tratam da primeira infância. Enfatizo o choro e o sorriso como meios naturais de expressão das emoções, que são acionados por estímulos e se dirigem à manifestação de necessidades básicas e estados emocionais, quer sejam excitantes ou deprimentes. Nos bebês, estes meios se apresentam, inicialmente, como ações reflexões; progressivamente, tais meios se mostram cada vez mais complexos. As contribuições que se depreendem dessa discussão podem ser refletidas por cuidadores, no desempenho de suas práticas educativas junto aos bebês, em sintonia com a relação corpo-mente. Palavras-chave: Darwin; Emoções; Bebês; Prática Educativa. Darwin's perspective on babies' emotional expressions: contributions to the development of educational practices Abstract: I discuss Darwin's approach to the means and ends of emotional expressions, with emphasis on babies' crying and smiling; and I present some contributions, which are deduced from this content, for the reflection of educational practices aimed at these children who are in the first stage of life. For that, I use descriptions and analyzes presented by Darwin in “The expression of emotions in men and animals”, published in 1872 (2009); I present perspectives of contemporary scholars who deal with emotional expressions, such as: Tomasello (2003) and Damásio (2011). Based on these considerations, I address the importance of emotional expressions in the development of educational practices aimed at babies, adding comments from scholars who deal with early childhood to the debate. I emphasize crying and smiling as natural means of expressing emotions, which are triggered by stimuli and are directed towards the manifestation of basic needs and emotional states, whether they are exciting or depressing. In babies, these means appear, initially, as reflective actions; progressively, such means are becoming more and more complex. The contributions that emerge from this discussion can be reflected by caregivers, in the performance of their educational practices with babies, in tune with the body-mind relationship. Keywords: Darwin; Emotions; Babies; Educational practice. La perspectiva de Darwin sobre las expresiones emocionales de los bebés: aportes al desarrollo de las prácticas educativas Abstracto: Analizo el enfoque de Darwin sobre los medios y fines de las expresiones emocionales, con énfasis en el llanto y la sonrisa de los bebés; y presento algunos aportes, que se deducen de este contenido, para la reflexión de las prácticas educativas dirigidas a estos niños que se encuentran en la primera etapa de la vida. Para ello, utilizo descripciones y análisis presentados por Darwin en “La expresión de las emociones en hombres y animales”, publicado en 1872 (2009); Presento perspectivas de estudiosos contemporáneos que se ocupan de las expresiones emocionales, tales como: Tomasello (2003) y Damásio (2011). Con base en estas consideraciones, abordo la importancia de las expresiones emocionales en el desarrollo de prácticas educativas dirigidas a los bebés, agregando al debate comentarios de estudiosos que se ocupan de la primera infancia. Destaco el llanto y la sonrisa como medios naturales de expresión de emociones, que son desencadenados por estímulos y se dirigen a la manifestación de necesidades básicas y estados emocionales, ya sean estos excitantes o deprimentes. En los bebés, estos medios aparecen, inicialmente, como acciones reflexivas; progresivamente, tales medios son cada vez más complejos. Los aportes que emergen de esta discusión pueden ser reflejados por los cuidadores, en el desempeño de sus prácticas educativas con los bebés, en sintonía con la relación cuerpo-mente. Palabras clave: Darwin; Emociones; bebés; Práctica educativa. Data de registro: 18/02/2022 Data de aceite: 17/08/2022. (shrink)

Les réseaux personnels sont des ensembles de relations interpersonnelles dans lesquelles les personnes sont engagées. Toutes les études sur ces réseaux montrent l’existence de variations dans leur taille et leur composition selon les indicateurs de hiérarchie sociale, le niveau d’études, la profession ou le revenu. Ces variations peuvent être interprétées comme des « inégalités relationnelles » dans la mesure où les relations sont des ressources essentielles pour de nombreux aspects de la vie sociale. Ces ressources jouent un rôle particulièrement important (...) pour les personnes âgées lorsqu’elles sont confrontées aux diverses difficultés liées au vieillissement. À partir d’une étude sur les parcours et les réseaux de 342 personnes de soixante ans et plus, cet article évalue l’évolution de ces inégalités relationnelles selon différents types de contenus relationnels associés aux questions sur les relations. Au-delà de ces variations, les inégalités tendent à s’accroître avec l’âge, notamment entre les personnes les moins diplômées et les autres, ce qui fait apparaître des temporalités différentes du « vieillissement relationnel ». (shrink)

The books of the Old Testament contain elements of oral communication as well as the characteristic features of written elaboration. S. Niditch attempts to determine the probable oral-literate processes leading to the formation of the biblical message but does not answer the question concerning the history of the creation of any of the books. Biblical scholars examine the process of the shaping of the books as redaction criticism. This shaping, however, progressed according to different standards as evidenced by the literary (...) characteristics of the text and literary “deficiencies” as well explicit elements of oral communication. The use of the term “editing” in relation to the process evokes inadequate ideas drawn from contemporary literary culture.Attempts to discover the essential elements of the processes shaping the biblical books, based on the, to some extent, recreated history of The Gilgamesh Epic, leads us to a new concept of what such a book is. The discovered specificity of the biblical books can consequently propose a new, more adequate perspective of interpretation—the interpretation which has the characteristics of a discourse. (shrink)

The AGM paradigm for belief revision provides a very elegant and powerful framework for reasoning about idealized agents. The paradigm assumes that the modeled agent is a perfect reasoner with infinite memory. In this paper we propose a framework to reason about non-ideal agents that generalizes the AGM paradigm. We first introduce a structure to represent an agent's belief states that distinguishes different status of beliefs according to whether or not they are explicitly represented, whether they are currently active and (...) whether they are fully accepted or provisional. Then we define a set of basic operations that change the status of beliefs and show how these operations can be used to model agents with different capacities. We also show how different operations of belief change described in the literature can be seen as special cases of our theory. (shrink)

The primitivist theory of truth, i.e., the view that truth cannot be analysed in more fundamental terms, has been cleverly revamped by Jamin Asay, who has combined a primitivist approach to the concept of truth with a deflationary approach to the (metaphysical) property of being true. This paper aims to adjust Asay’s primitivist theory to consistently include the primitiveness of the (pre-theoretical) correspondence relation, grasped by our correspondence intuition, alongside the primitiveness of truth. In the process, I apply a thesis (...) by Rögnvaldur Ingthorsson, according to which the correspondence of beliefs to facts (broadly construed) can occur with no commitment to a correspondence theory of truth. Then I argue why Asay’s theory might not be able to account for the primitiveness of the pre-theoretical correspondence relation. Finally, I use a suggestion by André Kukla concerning the possible entailment between an ineffable insight and its effable consequences, to build a revised primitivist theory of truth. (shrink)

Este artículo tiene como objeto de estudio la concepción sobre fotografía que desarrolló el grupo LEF. El estudio muestra que sus miembros, pese a sus diferencias teóricas, abogaron por una noción de la imagen fotográfica como texto visual siguiendo con los lineamientos teóricos del constructivismo como estilo artístico formal pero, también, formador de la Revolución Rusa. La primera parte desarrolla la conformación del grupo y sus principales fundamentos teóricos. La segunda parte recupera específicamente la noción de fotografía del grupo y (...) analiza, a través de los documentos e imágenes fuentes, la visión amplia que de la fotografía tuvo el grupo como proceso semiótico. La tarea realizada tiene como fin impulsar un campo de investigación aún poco explorado, el de la estética fotográfica. (shrink)

El presente trabajo examina las imágenes fotográficas publicadas en la revista prerrevolucionaria Mir iskusstva, entendida como uno de los íconos del simbolismo ruso de fin de siglo, y las compara con las fotografías de las revistas constructivistas LEF y Novyy LEF, revistas emblemáticas de la vanguardia soviética de principios de siglo XX. La investigación sostiene como hipótesis principal que cada revista definió a la fotografía según las creencias y convicciones de cada contexto artístico. Como hipótesis secundaria, se afirma que la (...) fotografía se encuentra íntimamente ligada a su tiempo y que fueron los discursos de cada contexto histórico los que determinaron su ontología. (shrink)

The effects of breast-feeding and supplementation practices on recent diarrhoea occurrence and stunted growth are modelled using logistic regression techniques. Data from the Demographic and Health Survey of Bolivia, 1989, show that, among children aged 3-36 months at the date of interview, the benefits of breast-feeding to child health were most pronounced among children living in rural poverty. Reduced breast-feeding among these children increased the likelihood of diarrhoea and stunted growth. In addition, the introduction of solid foods to currently lactating (...) infants negatively influenced child health. (shrink)

O presente artigo procura avaliar a política de terror como estratégia de controle social a partir da constituição de uma natureza feminina e de propostas para sua remodelagem. Para tanto, foram analisadas mensagens eletrônicas (hoaxes) que circulam na internet. Tais mensagens acabam por propor a segregação social de grupos minoritários. A temática base de tal remodelagem é garantida pela difusão do terror, que serve a estratégias de controle social.

Drawing on philosophy, social and psychoanalytic theory, popular culture, and her own experience, Salecl explores how the passion for ignorance plays out in many different aspects of life today, from love, illness, trauma, and the fear of failure to genetics, forensic science, big data, and the Incel movement-and she concludes that ignorance is a complex phenomenon that can, on occasion, benefit individuals and society as a whole.

We frequently hear that we live in an age of anxiety, from 'therapy culture', the Atkins diet and child anti-depressants to gun culture and weapons of mass destruction. While Hollywood regularly cashes in on teenage anxiety through its Scream franchise, pharmaceutical companies churn out new drugs such as Paxil to combat newly diagnosed anxieties. On Anxiety takes a fascinating, psychological plunge behind the scenes of our panic stricken culture and into anxious minds, asking who and what is responsible. Putting anxiety (...) on the couch, Renata Salecl asks some much-needed questions: Is anxiety about the absence of authority or too much of it? Do the media report anxiety or create it? Are drugs a cure for anxiety or its cause? Is anxiety about being yourself or someone else, and is anxiety really the ultimate obstacle to happiness? Drawing on vivid examples from films such as the X Files and Cyrano de Bergerac , drugs used on soldiers to combat anxiety, the anxieties of love and motherhood, and fake Holocaust memoirs, Renata Salecl argues that what really produces anxiety is the attempt to get rid of it. Erudite and compelling, On Anxiety is essential reading for anyone interested in philosophy, psychology and the cultural phenomenon of anxiety today. (shrink)

People across cultures consider everyday choices in the context of perceived various external life-determining forces: such as fate and gods (two teleological forces) and such notions as luck and chance (two non-teleological forces). There is little cross-cultural evidence (except for a belief in gods) showing how people relate these salient notions of life-determining forces to prosociality and a sense of well-being. The current paper provides preliminary cross-cultural data to address this gap. Results indicate that choice is the most important life-determining (...) factor. Regression analyses indicate that choice and belief in gods and fate emerged as significant predictors of prosociality towards strangers. Moreover, luck was a significant predictor of decreased prosociality. A relation between life-determining forces and life satisfaction followed the same pattern: choice, gods, and fate emerged as significant predictors of greater life satisfaction, whereas luck was associated with decreased life satisfaction. The overall pattern of results indicates that participants across different cultures might sense being bounded to share or not to care depending on the perceived intentional agency and meaning in the external forces. (shrink)

Understanding the contributions and the implications of law and emotion scholarship requires an acknowledgement of the different approaches within it. A significant part of law and emotion scholarship is focused on arguing for the relevance of emotion and on identifying emotion in legal processes and actors. Other parts of it venture further to ask how law can affect the expression and content of emotions themselves. This scholarship challenges legal positivist foundations, as well as some other established divisions in thinking, both (...) in law, and more generally in the history of ideas. The other important factor, which this article explores, is the methodology employed by law and emotion scholarship. (shrink)

One of the motivations for the researches leaded by the members of Vienna Circle with regard to the foundations of scientific language is found on Wittgenstein’s “Tractatus Logico-Philophicus”. Even though there are divergences about the legitimacy of this influence, thebook was, in effect, taken as a theoretical motivation for the structuring of scientific language, developed by logical empiricists. This paper will present the theories developed by members of Vienna Circle emphasizing the elements presents in Tractatusthat were taken, largely, as influence (...) over the “criterion of meaning” of a philosophical proposition adopted by logical empiricists in an attempt to set a foundation for knowledge. (shrink)

A análise epistemológica das práticas das ciências da saúde vem se tornando mais presente no debate filosófico nas últimas décadas, e se torna premente diante do contexto dramático da pandemia em que atualmente vivemos. Para contribuir com a essa análise, o presente artigo apresenta uma introdução às temáticas da filosofia da medicina e da filosofia da epidemiologia, especialmente o exame do papel da causalidade, conceito fundamental para a compreensão da relação entre saúde e doença. A noção de causa INUS, formulada (...) pelo filósofo J. L. Mackie e adaptada para a epidemiologia por Kenneth Rothman, permite retratar com precisão as interações multicausais que cooperam para a alteração de um estado de saúde. Contudo, o modelo visual de Rothman não contempla conceitos importantes da epidemiologia, imprecisão que busco sanar com uma proposta de representação temporal do conjunto multicausal que, dentre outras coisas, facilita o planejamento de intervenções pontuais que visem a impedir a instalação de uma doença. A delimitação do conjunto causal também é posta em questão, uma vez que a perspectiva multicausal não delimita intrinsecamente qualquer critério acerca de onde finalizar a seleção de fatores causais. Aponto para a manipulabilidade como a abordagem própria das ciências da saúde para a seleção dos fatores nos quais intervir, e que o reconhecimento dessa perspectiva é importante para a própria compreensão filosófica da causalidade. (shrink)

One of the motivations for the researches leaded by the members of Vienna Circle with regard to the foundations of scientific language is found on Wittgenstein’s “ Tractatus Logico-Philophicus ”. Even though there are divergences about the legitimacy of this influence, thebook was, in effect, taken as a theoretical motivation for the structuring of scientific language, developed by logical empiricists. This paper will present the theories developed by members of Vienna Circle emphasizing the elements presents in Tractatus that were taken, (...) largely, as influence over the “criterion of meaning” of a philosophical proposition adopted by logical empiricists in an attempt to set a foundation for knowledge. (shrink)

O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar a proposta do filósofo Nelson Goodman para adeterminação da relação de confirmação válida entre hipóteses e enunciados de prova a partir dotratamento de David Hume para seu problema da indução. Goodman reconhece, no que ele chama de“velho” problema de Hume, uma possibilidade de se superar um grande desafio enfrentado pela filosofiada ciência: o de distinguir as inferências indutivas válidas das inválidas. Com a indicação do hábitocomo o responsável pela nossa confiança em certas inferências indutivas, (...) Hume abria passagem para aformulação, por parte de Goodman, de uma justificativa circular para a determinação da validadeindutiva. Como Goodman reconhece essa validade, e sob quais condições ela poderá ser determinada, éo que discutiremos ao longo desse artigo. (shrink)

O propósito deste artigo é analisar o olhar feminino através da narração e do mis-en-scène da série The Handmaid’s Tale, em português, O Conto da Aia (2017). A série se passa em uma sociedade distópica, regida à base da teonomia totalitária e fundamentalista cristã. As mulheres dessa sociedade perderam suas vozes, são desumanizadas, devido ao seu gênero, e tornadas objetos férteis nas mãos de seus comendadores; a narrativa e o desenvolvimento das personagens fazem alusão ao empoderamento feminino e suas lutas (...) pelos direitos civis que vêm acontecendo desde o fim século XIX. A busca por suas vozes torna-se evidente a partir da narração que ajuda a compreender a representatividade da mulher na série.Palavras-chave: The Handmaid’s Tale. Feminismo. Identidade. Narrativa. Série. (shrink)

Apesar de terem estado entre os primeiros imigrantes europeus que chegaram, há pouco mais de 150 anos, à Serra dos Tapes, devido a sua origem étnica e condição camponesa os pomeranos foram, por muito tempo, estigmatizados. Contudo, processo de sentido contrário tem sido observado nos últimos anos, com a criação de políticas locais de valorização do patrimônio cultural pomerano. O estudo evidencia que várias dessas iniciativas são pautadasna tentativa de resgate de formas tradicionais do “ser pomerano”, processo em que o (...) modo de vida do grupo —e em particular seus saberes e práticas alimentares— tem sido convertido em atrativo turístico, oferecido ao consumo. Palavras chave:patrimônio cultural pomerano, turismo rural, alimentação, imigração, campesinato, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Despite being among the first European immigrants who arrived, a little over 150 years ago, at Serra dos Tapes, because of their ethnic origin and peasant condition, Pomeranians have been stigmatized for a long time. However, a reverse process has been observed in the last few years, with the establishment of local policies to safeguard and enhance the Pomeranian cultural heritage. The survey shows that many of these initiatives are grounded in the attempt to rescue traditional ways of “being Pomeranian”, a process in which the group’s way of life —and particularly their cookery knowledge and practices— has been converted into a tourism attraction focused on consumption. Key words: cultural heritage, Pomerians, rural tourism, eating, immigration, peasantry, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. (shrink)

O Rio de Janeiro colonial e escravista é um contraste à ideia de cidade maravilhosa. Apesar do esforço atual de inserir o quesito “maravilha” na região portuária, foi por ela que milhares de africanos destinados a escravização chegaram. O texto reflete sobre o Cais do Valongo e o cemitério dos pretos novos, tratando-os como locais de memória do tráfico e dos descendentes de africanos escravizados. Os diferentes usos públicos e políticos feitos desses locais também serão tratados uma vez que tem (...) recebido diferentes atenções por parte das esferas pública e privada, e também internacional, como a UNESCO. A área teve sua memória constantemente trabalhada desde o Império tendo na República dois momentos: Pereira Passos e a grande remodelação da cidade no início do século XX e recentemente diante das obras de revitalização do Porto. Palavras-chaves: Valongo, africanos, memória. (shrink)

We discuss the relation between string theory/supergravity and the observational data in cosmology, as well as at LHC, past and future. We pay particular attention to the possibility of the future detection of primordial gravitational waves and how this might affect our understanding of fundamental physics.

At the beginning of my article I present the themes, symbols and quotations which refer to the Bible and I discuss their functions. Afterwards, I show the image of God embodied in Różewicz’s poetry. First, this God is helpless and submissive to history and poeple. Then, he is the almighty Creator who supports a man. Subsequently, I present Różewicz as a poet who converted from atheism to faith. Early on, the author was demonstrating his departure from God caused by his (...) war experiences. He felt that God had died and in this connection all the values precious for a man had died too. In spite of this, the faith remained in the local point of Różewicz’s autlook on life. The author often looked back on his childhood when he had been close to the Lord. He became aware of lack of spiritual prime in his liľe. He also knew that life without God turns into merely a phisical existence. Finally, he found the real faith and wrote pieces which we can consider as his declaration. (shrink)

The Classical art of memory is analyzed as a form of mental writing. The ancient authors of works on the art of memory often likened their art to a sort of writing, and a careful analysis of the methods of formation of _agent images_ — the signs of the art of memory — shows that it very closely parallels the methods of sign formation in logophonetic writing systems. Thus the Classical art of memory can be viewed as an immaterial writing (...) system. (shrink)

The Classical art of memory is analyzed as a form of mental writing. The ancient authors of works on the art of memory often likened their art to a sort of writing, and a careful analysis of the methods of formation of agent images — the signs of the art of memory — shows that it very closely parallels the methods of sign formation in logophonetic writing systems. Thus the Classical art of memory can be viewed as an immaterial writing (...) system. (shrink)

No Brasil, tem-se a regulação e limitação da livre iniciativa em diversos campos. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho visa discutir a (des)necessidade de regulação econômica no setor de transporte privado, tendo por pano de fundo o caso específico da empresa UBER. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada tem caráter bibliográfico e qualitativo, com o objetivo de investigar quais as justificativas que têm sido apresentadas pelos que entendem como necessária a existência de regulação no setor. Do estudo concluiu-se que a conquista da (...) iniciativa privada pela regulamentação de empresa de transporte ‘público’ individual, tradicionalmente representativa de um serviço de concessão do Estado, representou uma grande evolução para o país. (shrink)