ABSTRACT In establishing National Bioethics Organisations (NBOs), liberal democracies seek to acknowledge the diversity of strongly held ethical positions and the imperative to engage in public debate about important bioethical decisions. NBOs are typically given a range of responsibilities, including contributing to and stimulating public debate; providing expert opinion on relevant issues for policy deliberations; and developing public policy. The state is now found to have an interest in areas previously thought to be a matter of individual choice. NBOs can (...) provide one way of opening up public debate to allow the diversity of views to be heard in a manner that is well‐informed, articulate and responsive to both expert and ‘lay’ public views. We draw on debates in political theory about democratic decision‐making and on the policy making roles of some key NBOs. We are particularly interested in examining the capacity of NBOs to meet the democratic ideal of effective participation by the public, or citizenry, especially by those who are directly affected by the policies, in the development of effective public policy. We provide a basic framework for policy development involving NBOs that can begin to meet this ideal, a process of ‘contested deliberation’. (shrink)

A filosofia política de Rousseau sugere que há uma ligação íntima entre a garantia da liberdade e uma constituição radicalmente democrática da sociedade, especialmente no que se refere ao processo de tomada de decisões coletivas. Este texto procura explorar alguns aspectos dessa ligação entre igualitarismo e liberdade como não dominação, a partir da teoria da democracia proposta por Rousseau no Contrato social.

In Looking Away, Rei Terada revisits debates about appearance and reality in order to make a startling claim: that the purpose of such debates is to police feelings of dissatisfaction with the given world. Terada proposes that the connection between dissatisfaction and ephemeral phenomenality reveals a hitherto-unknown alternative to aesthetics that expresses our right to desire something other than experience "as is", even those parts of it that really cannot be otherwise.

This revolutionary work transforms the burgeoning interdisciplinary debate on emotion by suggesting, instead, a positive relation between the "death of the ...

Literary writing in the digital era is evolving using languages that have a much greater dynamic potential than those known hitherto. The very phrase `text processing' implies the notion of writing `in process', which has very recently been joined by another possibility, the unrestricted circulation of texts on networks on a worldwide scale, without spatial limits and in real time. In the arena of writing that is no longer simply textual but hypertextual, literary writing is becoming highly dynamic, intertextual, fragmentary, (...) interactive and playful. In this article the author discusses the implications of digital publishing and warns of the unexpected consequences of replacing the book, entirely or partly, with new instruments and techniques of communication and information. (shrink)

No presente artigo são examinadas duas noções centrais da fenomenologia-hermenêutica apresentadas em Ser e tempo de Martin Heidegger: os conceitos de indicação formal e de possibilidade existencial. Ambas as noções são postas em conexão com a problemática da filosofia moral, ou seja, sustenta-se a tese de que um conceito existencial de moral contém problemas e uma metodologia específica, originados da indicação formal da estrutura ontológica do Dasein enquanto possibilidade existencial. O autor também afirma que a modificação existencial da inautenticidade para (...) o modo de ser autêntico não deve ser vista como sendo em si mesma de significação moral ou normativa, mas representa o desenvolvimento da individualidade no interior de um domínio de entes que não são instâncias de tipos.In this paper are examinated two central notions of hermeneutic phenomenology, exposed in Heidegger's Being and Time: the concepts of formal indication and existential possibility. Both notions are connected with the problematic of moral philosophy, that is, the author mantains that a existential concept of moral entails both a set of problems and a specific methodology, that arise from the formal indication of Dasein's ontological structure as existencial possibility. The author also asserts that the existential modification from inautenticity to the autentic way of being should not be viewed as bearing a moral or normativ meaning by it self, but represents the development of individuality within a realm of beings that are not instances of a type. (shrink)

This study examined associations between interpersonal competence and achievement motivation. Interpersonal competence is defined as a person’s ability to interpersonally make a relationship to other person. Interpersonal competence have five aspects, which is the ability to inisiat ive , the ability to openness to the other people, the ability to assertiveness, the ability to give support, and the ability to master conflict. Achievement motivation is a drive inside the person to overcome a challenge and to reach some goal. Participants (N (...) = 88) in this study were employees who work at PT X and were chosen using the accidental sampling method and judgmental sampling method.. Using Buhrmester, Furman, Wittenberg, and Reis’s interpersonal competence theory and McClelland’s achievement motivation theory, the results of this correlation is r(88) = 0.742 with significance P < 0.01 showed that there was strong associations between interpersonal competence and achievement motivation. (shrink)

SummaryThe article considers the development and the diversity of the understandings of the Norman Conquest in Jacobean England. In 1603, James VI of Scotland ascended the throne of England, and one of his first policies to unify the two kingdoms culminated in failure in face of English opposition. Modern historians have demonstrated that at the heart of this quick collapse lay a constitutional struggle—the English fear of the loss of their sovereignty. Taking this as the vantage point, the article examines (...) a number of historical publications composed by English lawyers in the following decade. The Jacobean period witnessed a significant proliferation of historical literature, and modern historians have stressed that English common lawyers staunchly adhered to a belief in the ancient constitution, a belief in the antiquity of English law that was counter to royal policies. The article demonstrates how the Union debate, despite its eventual collapse, produced unparalleled interest in the meaning of conquest in the 1610s. It also considers the works of civil lawyers in comparison. By comparing the differing accounts of the Norman Conquest, the article ultimately demonstrates the contested nature of James's kingship in England. (shrink)

Exploring anxieties raised by Atlantic slavery in radical enlightenment literature concerned about political unfreedom in Europe, Metaracial argues that Hegel's philosophy assuages these anxieties for the left. Interpreting Hegel beside Rousseau, Kant, Mary Shelley, and Marx, Terada traces Hegel's transposition of racial hierarchy into a hierarchy of stances toward reality. By doing so, she argues, Hegel is simultaneously antiracist and antiblack. In dialogue with Black Studies, psychoanalysis, and critical theory, Metaracial offers a genealogy of the limits of antiracism.

Recent years have seen a surge of interest in implicit bias. Driving this concern is the thesis, apparently established by tests such as the IAT, that people who hold egalitarian explicit attitudes and beliefs, are often influenced by implicit mental processes that operate independently from, and are largely insensitive to, their explicit attitudes. We argue that implicit bias testing in social and empirical psychology does not, and without a fundamental shift in focus could not, establish this startling thesis. We suggest (...) that implicit bias research has been conducted in light of inadequate theories of racism and sexism. As a result, such testing has not sufficiently controlled for subjects’ prejudiced explicit beliefs and emotions, and has not ruled out the possibility that explicit prejudice best explains test subjects’ discriminatory associations and behavior. (shrink)

O livro aqui resenhado apresenta resultados de pesquisas realizadas por docentes que têm se dedicado às questões relacionadas às diversidades/ diferenças (étnicas, raciais, de gênero, sexualidades, culturais, linguísticas) em diferentes perspectivas teórico-metodológicas.

This article presents the Historical and Dialectical Materialist Method as a possible approach to interpret social reality, and, consequently, the educational reality. The logical construction of this Method, which substantiates the Marxist thought, presents itself as a theoretical (logical instrument) and methodological (guiding pathways) possibility to interpret reality. This methodological perspective is distinguished by the movement of thought through the historical reality of men’s life in society, i.e., it deals with discovering (by the movement of thought) the fundamental laws that (...) define the organizational way that humankind has historically framed its social groups. This instrument of theoretical and practical reflection can be used by educators to analyze the apparent educational reality to fully comprehend and overcome it, turning it into an interpreted and concrete educational reality, and unveiling its varied and contradictory aspects. This movement could lead to more conscious and consequent political choices and the transformation of this reality. (shrink)

A editora Losada publicou uma série de conferências de Karl Jaspers pronunciadas na Universidad de laBasilea a convite da Fundação Acadêmica livre e da Faculdade de História da Filosofia daquela Instituição. Esse conjunto de conferências importantes para entender como o filósofo pensava o significado da Filosofia foi reunido em livro com o título de La fe filosófica. O livro integra a coleção da editora argentina denominada Obras Maestras delPensamiento e ainda não teve edição em português. Portanto, La fe filosófica não (...) foi inicialmente concebida como livro, mas como reflexões sobre aspectos fundamentais da Filosofia e mais tarde reunidas numa obra. (shrink)

A escalada vertiginosa da atividade económica global, acompanhada do crescente desenvolvimento tecnológico, ameaça gravemente o equilíbrio ecológico do nosso planeta, pelo que urge alterar o paradigma de prosperidade até agora vigente. Torna-se necessário adotar uma nova ética ambiental. Trata-se do que designamos pela ética do ‘cuidado’, na qual não está em causa apenas a preocupação pela continuidade da espécie humana, que nos manteria numa visão antropocentrista, mas também o valor intrínseco da natureza. Há que superar o esquema ‘sujeito-objeto’, e isso (...) faz-se quando o homem se vê como ‘ser-no-mundo’, como elemento constitutivo deste. Uma prosperidade sustentável implicará a alteração do paradigma da velha economia baseada no crescimento incessante e desenfreado, movida pela inovação e pela ânsia de ascensão social com base na posse de bens materiais. Os recursos limitados e a impossibilidade de absorção, por parte do planeta, dos efeitos nocivos do crescimento, obrigam-nos a refrear este crescimento selvagem com vista a assegurarmos o futuro da humanidade. (shrink)

In Aristotle's account of change, lacking a form is called privation (Physics I.7 191a14). For example, someone takes on the form of being musical only from previously having the privation of being unmusical. However, he also states that “shape and nature are spoken of in two ways, for the privation too is in a way form” (Physics II.1 193b19). I will demonstrate that these seemingly contradictory statements are not actually in tension. Since all perceptible matter must be enformed, we would (...) have trouble discussing things that have yet to undergo generation, like menstrual fluid, and things that have undergone corruption, like corpses, if we did not cite the privation as a sort of form. I will argue that, given his commitment to hylomorphism, Aristotle is committed to privation being a form in a qualified sense. It cannot be a form in an unqualified sense because privation often spoils the matter such that it can no longer be reformed. The fact of the matter is we cannot draw a bright line between privation and form because the two are contraries and can be said to hold to different degrees at different points on a spectrum. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a pertinência do recurso da narração tanto na representação quanto da própria constituição da ipseidade. Para realizar esse intento, optou-se por uma estratégia comparativa entre uma posição antinarrativista e uma narrativista no que concerne aos poderes da narração em apreender e compor o domínio das identificações. Em um primeiro momento será realizada uma reconstrução das posições de Jean-Paul Sartre acerca da narração tendo por base a ontologia fenomenológica de O ser e o nada (...) bem como as considerações sobre narrativa e identidade encontradas no romance A náusea e no texto de Diários de uma guerra estranha. O momento seguinte explorará os argumentos narrativistas de Alasdair MacIntyre em Depois da Virtude, de Charles Taylor em As fontes do self e, especialmente, de Paul Ricoeur em Tempo e narrativa e O si-mesmo como outro. Finalmente, no momento mais estritamente comparativo, pretende-se mostrar certas dificuldades da posição antinarrativista, bem como a fecundidade da posição narrativista, no que diz respeito ao distinto modo de administração da demanda por sentido no rechaço antinarrativista da identidade e do acolhimento do desafio de permanente elaboração de sentido da posição narrativista. (shrink)

El texto siguiente trae una discusión en el campo teórico y empírico, de las relaciones entre grupos pantaneros y la naturaleza, en el entorno de las haciendas que se encuentran alrededor de Corumbá y Ladario, ciudades situadas a las márgenes del río Paraguay. En este texto, se comunican resultados parciales del proyecto de investigación acerca del conocimiento, de la cultura y de las representaciones producidas en el contexto de esas poblaciones en el proceso de apropiación de los recursos naturales. De (...) esa forma, se busca mostrar como estos grupos humanos piensan y actúan con relación al territorio pantanero. Finalmente se debate sobre las posibilidades de desarrollo local en el contexto de esas tradiciones. (shrink)

Resumo: Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as diferenças técnicas e militares entre o exército normando de Guilherme da Normandia e o exército anglo-saxão de Haroldo Godwinson que se confrontaram na Batalha de Hastings de 1066. Para isso, utilizamos como fontes a Tapeçaria de Bayeux e a Crônica de Guilherme de Poitiers, bem como dialogamos com a historiografia da história militar inglesa. Dessa forma, observamos que as diferenças de armas e estratégias existentes entre os exércitos anglo-saxões e normandos, influenciadas pelas (...) condições econômicas e sociais de ambos, favoreceram a vitória das forças invasoras normandas no campo de batalha. (shrink)