Le interpretazioni di Walter Benjamin si estendono dall’estremo di considerarlo l’ultimo significativo uomo di lettere del periodo precedente alla seconda guerra mondiale fino all’estremo opposto di ritenerlo un rabbino hassidico. C’è accordo sul fatto che circa dal 1916-1920 Benjamin fu interessato alla teologia e alla metafisica ebraica e cristiana e che dal 1925 circa fino alla sua morte nel 1940 fu apertamente marxista e giunse fino alla quasi esclusione della metafisica. L’articolo individua le ambiguità della cosmologia teistica del primo Benjamin, (...) sostenendo che l’instabilità intrinseca delle sue considerazioni, specialmente su linguaggio, giudizio e allegoria, lo ha costretto ad abbandonare il platonismo giovanile e ad abbracciare una cosmologia in cui Dio è nascosto. Proprio come i primi atei si ispirarono alla speculazione di Duns Scoto secondo il quale un triangolo avrebbe avuto ancora tre angoli in un universo in cui Dio non esistesse, la visione di Benjamin di un mondo abbandonato da Dio lo condusse, nel corso degli anni Venti, al materialismo ateo. Poiché il materialista Benjamin continuò, nonostante se stesso, a incontrare tracce divine e teleologia nelle sue escursioni letterarie, concluse che doveva cacciare Dio ancora più lontano dalla sua creazione per permettere all’umanità di percepirla come realmente è. Questo atteggiamento si protrasse fino all’ultimo anno di vita di Benjamin, durante il quale scelse di abbracciare la teologia come lo spirito nascosto nella lettera del materialismo storico. Interpretations of Walter Benjamin have ranged from the last pre-war man of letters to a Hasidic rabbi. There is consensus that from roughly 1916-1920 Benjamin was interested in Jewish and Christian theology and metaphysics and that from about 1925 to his death in 1940 he was vocally Marxist to the near exclusion of metaphysics. This article identifies ambiguities in Benjamin’s early, theistic cosmology, arguing that the inherent instability of Benjamin’s accounts especially of language, judgment and allegory compelled him to discard his early Platonism and embrace a cosmology in which God is abscondite. Just as early atheists took inspiration from Duns Scotus’s speculation that a triangle would still have three angles in a universe in which God does not exist, Benjamin’s vision of a world abandoned by God led him, over the course of the 1920s, into atheistic materialism. When the materialist Benjamin continued, despite himself, to encounter divine traces and teleology in his literary excursions, he concluded that he had to chase God even further from his creation in order for humanity to perceive the latter as it really was. This state of affairs continued until the last year of Benjamin’s life, during which he chose to embrace theology as the hidden spirit lurking within the letter of historical materialism. (shrink)

Now that the usage and meaning of urban spaces have been dramatically challenged by the global pandemic, several debates and reflections are going on around the manner in which cities – both as concerns the public and the private spaces – have been designed. The article observes how “urban-human face” representations have served different models of urbanity across times and cultures. Using a framework deriving from semiotics of culture, according to which the city represents a model of the world, the (...) article attempts to interpret how portraits of faces have been modelling the city through different urban faciality mechanisms. The focus is on a sample of what we call ‘urban-human faces’, ranging from Soviet propaganda posters to the digital #selfiecity project. The expression refers to series of representations that bring together the city and the face. It can be argued that both the city and the face, produced at a specific historical and cultural moment, with their figurative and plastic elements, deploy the struggle for the city ownership and authorship. Nonetheless, the commensurability of the city and the face can be just based on the fact that both semiotic configurations represent an excess with the help of cartographic reproduction (the city) and the portrait (the face), respectively. A city can be represented by a face to the extent to which it is also multifaceted as a polylogue. On the basis of such instable commensurability, the article will ultimately attempt to bring together the semiotics of the face and the semiotics of the city. (shrink)

Este trabajo estudia los aportes y limitaciones del concepto de «régimen farmacopornográfico» propuesto por Paul B. Preciado junto con los pilares que lo constituyen: el farmacopoder y el pornopoder. El análisis será complementado con las aportaciones de otros autores, destacando las de Judith Butler, filósofe de referencia para el autor, cuyas teorías sobre el género y el cuerpo han influido de forma indiscutible en las posteriores investigaciones sobre la identidad. A través del estudio del pensamiento de ambos será posible llegar (...) a una mejor comprensión de lo que Paul B. Preciado denomina «farmacopornocapitalismo» y también dirimir las aportaciones y límites de la teoría del autor. Su trabajo ha sido indiscutiblemente revolucionario en materia de género e identidad, poniendo en tela de juicio categorías naturalizadas y exhibiendo las dinámicas biopolíticas de opresión y discriminación que encarnan nuestra existencia. Reconociendo esto, también debemos poner sobre la mesa los límites en su planteamiento, donde algunas veces la provocación le lleva a afirmaciones que difieren del objetivo final de su teoría: mostrar cómo actúa el control en los cuerpos y encontrar una salida a este. (shrink)

How do social norms influence our choices? And does the presence of biased norms affect what we owe to each other? Looking at empirical research relating to PrEP rollout in HIV prevention policy, a...

La obra de Ernesto Laclau sumó valiosas contribuciones a la literatura filosófico-política escrita en español, inspirada en el marxismo clásico y afligida por la reflexión sobre el destino de la democracia contemporánea en Occidente. Más aún, en la segunda fase de su obra, que va desde mediados de la década de los ochenta hasta su muerte en 2014, su trabajo presenta un mérito especial tratándose de un pensador latinoamericano y profesor en Essex durante varios años, pues a la vez que (...) recogió las llaves de la tradición marxista, la versión lacaniana del psicoanálisis y algunos recursos de la teoría del discurso en la perspectiva crítica, elaborando junto a Chantal Mouffe su refinada teoría de la hegemonía, prestó aguda observación a los procesos políticos de los escenarios periféricos a Europa y Estados Unidos, obstinado en ampliar sus análisis sobre las posibilidades de articulación real entre socialismo y democracia. (shrink)

In search of human uniqueness Content Type Journal Article DOI 10.1007/s11016-010-9472-6 Authors Elsa Addessi, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, Via Ulisse Aldrovandi, 16/b, 00197 Rome, Italy Journal Metascience Online ISSN 1467-9981 Print ISSN 0815-0796.

O artigo mostra como Winnicott, a partir de uma experiência assistencial de caráter institucional, soube observar o que era propriamente terapêutico para as crianças envolvidas, e formular os princípios em que essa ação terapêutica estava baseada, relacionando-os com a teoria que ele começara a desenvolver: a teoria do amadurecimento pessoal. Um desses princípios é o da sobrevivência, conceito-chave do cuidado materno e terapêutico. Na continuação, estão descritos alguns aspectos essenciais da capacidade de sobrevivência da mãe e do analista.The article starts (...) by showing that Winnicott, by considering the practice of institutional assintance, was able to find what was therapeutic for the children involved and to formulate principles upon which these therapeutic effects were based, putting them in the context of the theory he began to develop: the theory of personal development. One of these principles is survival, which is also the key concept for characterizing maternal and therapeutic care. After making that point, the article studies various essential aspects of the capacity of survival of both mothers and analysts. (shrink)

Based on therapeutic meetings with individuals who have experienced sexual violence and abuse, the challenge is how do we help these couples to establish sexual relationships on their own terms, without interference of defence or coping strategies they have used to protect themselves against the overwhelming experiences of violence or abuse in the past? This article will focus on therapeutic work with such couples and how to interact with them and support their efforts to establish satisfying sexual relationships, based on (...) sexological experience as well as experience from work with traumatisation. The basis for our treatment is a modified version of William Masters and Virginia Johnson’s approach. The technique of sensate focus is central, modified by trauma theory, including the understanding of dissociation, and the need to integrate memories from different levels: somatic, emotional, and cognitive. The traumatised client needs special attention to the experiences of predictability and safety and respect due to their history of being transgressed against. The therapists must be aware of the issue of dissociation; different dissociated inner parts can play different roles in the interaction between client and therapist. While couples therapy is a necessary frame for this therapy, the therapist often needs to work with issues unique to each individual. Each partner must be able to identify their own responses and their own sexual needs and preferences. It may therefore be valuable to have a co-therapist. The central goal is for the clients to identify responses to stimulation as a here and now experience in a setting that feels safe and welcome. (shrink)

ABSTRACTThis article makes the hypothesis that it is the relation to work, and not work itself, that holds subversive, or even liberating, potential for women. We begin by showing the theoretical convergence between this hypothesis and feminist epistemology. In order to test the hypothesis empirically, we then look at the paradoxical ways in which many women relate to paid work. In order to understand this paradox, we argue that it is necessary to go back to a feminist definition of work (...) by calling into question the separation between professional and domestic work. Finally, we attempt to make suggestions to transform this subversive potential into collective emancipatory practices. We insist on the necessity for the feminist movement to put domestic work back at the center of its reflection on work and on the emancipation of women. (shrink)

Over recent decades, developments in network governance have seen governments around the world cede considerable authority and responsibility to commercial migration intermediaries for recruiting and managing temporary migrant labour. Correspondingly, a by-product of network governance has been the emergence of soft employment regulation in which voluntary codes of conduct supplement hard legal employment standards. This paper explores these developments in the context of temporary migrant workers employed in Australian horticulture. First the paper analyses the growing use of temporary migrant labour (...) in this industry. It then describes how different types of intermediaries interact with this workforce. The paper then outlines both hard and soft employment regulations, and contrasts them with actual employment conditions, questioning how a network governance approach has affected this vulnerable workforce. The paper concludes that changes in network governance of migration and employment relations have emasculated formal legal regulation, leaving market forces to operate without effective or ethical constraints at the expense of the public good. (shrink)

O artigo busca examinar o sentido do termo "confia- bilidade" no interior da teoria winnicottiana do amadurecimento pessoal e com relação à tarefa terapêutica. Em Winnicott, mais do que uma qualidade desejável em qualquer relação humana, a confiabilidade é a característica central do ambiente facilitador, materno e terapêutico, e está intimamente ligada à dependência. O ponto específico no qual o estudo se detém é a função essencial da confiabilidade durante o período inicial da vida, em que estão sendo constituídas as (...) bases da personalidade, com o bebê em estado de dependência absoluta da mãe. Nesse momento, a confiabilidade ambiental está diretamente implicada na constituição da identidade e dos sentidos de realidade, do si-mesmo e do mundo, tendo implicações clínicas importantes, sobretudo no que se refere ao tratamento de pacientes que usam a situação analítica para regredir à dependência.The purpose of this essay is to examine the meaning of the term "reliability" within the winnicottian maturacional process theory and its relevance to therapeutic task. According to Winnicott, reliability is more than just a desirable quality in human relations: it is the central characteristic of the facilitating - maternal and therapeutic - environment. The specific point to be examined is the essential function of reliability during the earlier stages, when the bases of the personality are being built and the baby is in a state of absolute dependence on the mother. At this moment, the environmental reliability is directly implicated in the constitution of the self as identity and the world's sense of reality. This point has significant clinical implications specially in the treatment of patients who need to regress to the dependence. (shrink)

Among various case studies addressing the reception of relativity, very few deal with Portugal at either the international or the national level. The national literature on the topic has mainly concentrated on the reactions to relativity of the Portuguese mathematical community. The absence of Portuguese astronomers alongside Eddington during the 1919 expedition to Principe, then a Portuguese island, has been implicitly equated with the astronomical community's lack of interest in the event. In reception studies dealing with general relativity, analysis has (...) tended to focus on the physics and mathematics communities, less on the astronomers. Given that relativity was born at the interface of physics, mathematics and astronomy, reactions of members of these scientific communities depended on differences in shared traditions, values, problems and expectations, as well as on individual practitioners' idiosyncrasies. This paper addresses the contributions of the overlooked Portuguese astronomical community, evaluates the actions and reactions of its members to the expedition and assesses their role in the process of appropriation of relativity. (shrink)

The stakeholder approach offers the opportunity to consider corporate responsibility in a wider sense than that afforded by the stockholder or shareholder approaches. Having said that, this article aims to show that this theory does not offer a normative corporate responsibility concept that can be our response to two basic questions. On the one hand, for what is the company morally responsible and, on the other hand, why is the corporation morally responsible in terms of conventional and post-conventional perspectives? The (...) reason why the stakeholder approach does not offer such a definition, as we shall see, is because the normative stakeholder approaches tend to confuse the social validity with the moral validity or legitimacy. It leads us to a conventional definition of corporate moral responsibility (CMR) that is not relevant to the pluralistic and global framework of our societies and economies. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate this intuition. (shrink)

A radical thinking of space remains for phenomenology a difficulty, which Heidegger has been concerned with. He developed an existential conception of the spatiality of Dasein in Being and Time, which he abandoned in his later philosophy; according to its “turn,” this philosophy proposes a notion of emptiness to describe spatial experience. The paper endorses the view that this notion makes possible a thinking of space in its essence. Pursuing further the reflection concerning the empty space, Maldiney advocates the influence (...) of the East Asian tradition on this issue. However, given that none of these authors considers dance as an art susceptible to disclose space in its essential vacuity, this paper aims to argue that there is a true choreographic empty space. (shrink)

Poser les fondements d’une justice transformatrice en France soulève de nombreuses difficultés, qu’il s’agit de considérer afin de proposer une théorie abolitionniste ancrée dans la pratique et le quotidien. L’article confronte certaines théories états-uniennes de la justice transformatrice avec le travail de terrain, notamment réalisé par l’association Fracas, dans les milieux militants queer et féministes français. L’autrice entend ainsi apporter un nouvel éclairage sur un type de justice encore peu connu en France. Justice de la communauté, la justice transformatrice appelle (...) à se réapproprier nos conflits et nos modes de gestion pour sortir du pénal et de leur judiciarisation tout en portant une réflexion de fond sur les rapports structurels de domination. (shrink)

In “The Bioethics of Environmental Injustice: Ethical, Legal, and Clinical Implications of Unhealthy Environments,” Ray and Cooper (2024) advocate for environmental law efforts, with a focus on the...

Este artigo é um comentário crítico sobre o encontro científico promovido, em 12 de novembro de 1968, pela Sociedade Psicanalítica de Nova Iorque, no qual Winnicott pronunciou uma palestra intitulada "O uso de um objeto", seguida de um debate com quatro analistas dessa Sociedade. O relato desse encontro consta da Ata do encontro, que foi redigida por David Milrod. Após apresentar algumas considerações gerais sobre o debate e as circunstâncias que o cercaram, assinalam-se aspectos centrais da contribuição de Winnicott e (...) o teor das críticas que lhe foram dirigidas pelos debatedores.This article is a critical commentary of the scientific meeting organized on the November 12th, 1968, by the New York Psychoanalytic Society, during which Winnicott presented a paper entitled "The Use of an Object", which was followed by a discussion with four members of the Society. The report on this meeting is contained in the Acts written by David Milrod. After making brief considerations on the circumstances in which the debate was held, we present the central elements of Winnicott´s contribution as well as an analyses of objections raised against it. (shrink)

Since the 2008 financial crisis, Europe's largest banks have largely remained unchallenged. Is this because of the structural power banks continue to hold over states? This article challenges the view that states are sheer hostages of banks’ capacity to provide credit to the real economy—the conventional definition of structural power. Instead, it sheds light on the geo-economic dimension of banks’ power: key public officials conceive the position of “their own” banks in global financial markets as a crucial dimension of state (...) power. State priority toward banking thus results from political choices as to what structurally matters most for the state. Based on a discourse analysis of parliamentary debates in France, Germany, and Spain, as well as on a comparative analysis of the implementation of a special tax on banks, this article shows that power dynamics within states largely shape political priorities toward banking at both domestic and international levels. (shrink)

En los párrafos siguientes buscaré evidenciar los puntos nodales que Ruíz va articulando a lo largo de su obra para explicar el desarrollo del pensamiento de Marx. Me interesa, en esta síntesis, dar cuenta del modo en el que los intereses políticos de Marx se reflejan en una serie de temas de investigación que lo llevan a construir una sucesión de conceptos que se tornarán en categorías de análisis al desplegar su propia concepción metodológica y epistémica. Con esto busco mostrar (...) que el pensamiento marxista no es sólo una corriente teórica del arsenal de las ciencias sociales, sino que es un paradigma científico. El marxismo desarrolla su propia forma de comprensión de la realidad social que nace del deseo de transformación de las relaciones de dominación y exige, para su comprensión y uso, articular una red teórico-metodológica y epistémica específica. (shrink)

La danse a peu fait l'objet de la philosophie. Pourtant, immanente au corps du danseur, la philosophie de la danse decoule non seulement d'une rencontre entre la danse et les problemes philosophiques, mais apporte egalement la possibilite d'un renouvellement de leur traitement en vertu de sa nouveaute. Le corps danseur est ainsi fondamental: a partir de la pratique, de l'experience, de la vie des danseurs, la philosophie parvient a restituer l'intense subtilite de leur existence. Parallelement, l'exercice de la pensee pratique (...) dans la continuite du corps incite a prendre en compte la materialite, la sensibilite, et donc a repenser, d'une certaine maniere, l'ame. Cet essai, ecrit dans un langage clair, s'adresse a la fois aux philosophes et aux danseurs, aux praticiens de ces disciplines ainsi qu'au public amateur. (shrink)

In this classic analysis, Leo Strauss pinpoints what is original and innovative in the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes. He argues that Hobbes's ideas arose not from tradition or science but from his own deep knowledge and experience of human nature. Tracing the development of Hobbes's moral doctrine from his early writings to his major work _The Leviathan,_ Strauss explains contradictions in the body of Hobbes's work and discovers startling connections between Hobbes and the thought of Plato, Thucydides, Aristotle, Descartes, (...) Spinoza, and Hegel. (shrink)

El artículo apunta a desarrollar una reflexión sobre el tema de las memorias del conflicto político armado y/o de la guerra, que podría contribuir a potenciar políticamente los esfuerzos y las iniciativas de muchas organizaciones de víctimas en el país. En las propuestas que viene haciendo la geopolítica crítica en el marco de discusiones del pensamiento social contemporáneo, específicamente en lo referente a la importancia del espacio en los procesos sociales y políticos —lo que, de paso, cuestiona la concepción estadocéntrica (...) del poder—, se le confiere una enorme fuerza política a otros espacios y lugares, más cercanos a los sujetos que, como las víctimas, habitan lugares y espacios más micro y cotidianos. (shrink)

O artigo aborda alguns dos principais aspectos da concepção winnicottiana sobre a agressividade e a destrutividade humanas, à luz da teoria do amadurecimento. Salientando ser esse um dos temas em que melhor se pode constatar a mudança paradigmática operada por Winnicott com relação à psicanálise tradicional, o artigo examina a posição do autor segundo a qual, em vez de manifestação de forças intrapsíquicas ou de afetos, a agressividade e destrutividade humanas estão intrinsecamente relacionadas à questão da constituição do sentido da (...) realidade externa. Atendo-se sobretudo aos estágios iniciais, em que se mostram as raízes da agressividade, o estudo explicita a natureza múltipla do fenômeno segundo a sua raiz no processo de amadurecimento, descrevendo o caráter das manifestações agressivas no estágio de dependência absoluta do bebê em relação à mãe e nos estágios em que a dependência se torna relativa. São abordadas algumas implicações para a clínica winnicottiana.The article talks about some of the main aspects of the winnicottian conception regarding human aggressiveness and destructiveness, in the light of the maturation theory. Pointing out that this is one of the themes where we can better see the pragmatic change operated by Winnicott regarding traditional psychoanalysis, the article examines the author's position by which, instead of the manifestation of intra-psychic forces or affections, human aggressiveness and destructiveness are intrinsically related to the constitution issue of the sense of external reality. Keeping, over all, to the initial stages, where the roots of aggressiveness are seen, the study explains the multiple nature of the phenomenon as per its roots in the maturation process, describing the character of the aggressive manifestations in the state of absolute dependence of the baby in relation to the mother, and in the stages where the dependence becomes relative. A few implications for the winnicottian clinic are mentioned. (shrink)

Cities of the past enjoyed rich soundscapes full of organic sounds. Such sounds can be hard to hear, even for those that are listening, in many of today’s cities and neighborhoods. Evaluating the sounds of life in urban neighborhoods can be one method of determining the health and vibrancy of an area. A silent neighborhood, one not devoid of sound or noise, but rather missing the sounds of human and animal life, can be detrimental to the community and its residents. (...) This paper both investigates the history of and loss of the diverse urban soundscape and how it can be reclaimed in modern cities. (shrink)