The abortion debate rages on. Yet the two most popular positions seem to be clearly mistaken. Conservatives maintain that a human life begins at conception and that therefore abortion must be wrong because it is murder. But not all killings of humans are murders. Most notably, self defense may justify even the killing of an innocent person.Liberals, on the other hand, are just as mistaken in their argument that since a fetus does not become a person until birth, a woman (...) may do whatever she pleases in and to her own body. First, you cannot do as you please with your own body if it affects other people adversely. Second, if a fetus is not a person, that does not imply that you can do to it anything you wish. Animals, for example, are not persons, yet to kill or torture them for no reason at all is wrong. (shrink)

An emerging view of science rejects an infallible observational given and takes consensus as the starting point for confirmation. Theory and Observation are seen as mutually correcting. I argue that the same is true of ethics, such as Rawls' "reflective equilibrium." Though epistemologically similar, their truth conditions may differ. Ethics may be reducible to physics; but even if it is not, that does not imply that it has no truth conditions. The options for truth in ethics are the same as (...) those of other abstract fields such as mathematics. (shrink)

In Absent Minds: Intellectuals in Britain, Stefan Collini deploys a fiercely skeptical wit against what he calls the "absence thesis": the cliché view of England as a land peculiarly lacking in intellectuals. The brio and aggression with which he demolishes this longstanding myth serve a paradoxical double function, marking his own claim to a place in the specifically English and male tradition of writing that he so effectively deconstructs.

Si le nombre permet de comparer d’une manière qui est pleinement significative les philosophies transcendantales de Kant et de Husserl, c’est parce qu’il peut faire apparaître à la fois ce qu’elles ont eu en commun dans le relevé des emplacements qu’elles ont attribués aux différents facteurs constitutifs de la subjectivité transcendantale et ce qui les a fait néanmoins diverger l’une de l’autre dans l’établissement du réseau des affinités où elles ont dû aussi les faire entrer en deçà comme au-delà de (...) ce dispositif central. (shrink)

Of all humanities disciplines, none is more resistant to the program of positive psychology or more hostile to the prevailing discourse of human flourishing than literary studies. The approach taken in this volume of essays is neither to gloss over that antagonism nor to launch a series of blasts against positive psychology and the happiness industry. Rather, the essays are attempts to reflect on how the kinds of literary research the contributors themselves are doing, the kinds of work to which (...) they are personally committed, might become part of an interdisciplinary conversation about human flourishing. The authors' specific fields of work are wide ranging, covering literary aesthetics, book history, digital humanities, and reader reception, as well as the important "inter-disciplines" of gender and sexuality studies, disability studies, and black studies-fields in which issues of stigma and exclusion are paramount, and which have critiqued the discourse of human flourishing for its failure to grapple with structural inequality and human difference. Taken together, the essays contribute more points of ambiguity and hesitation to the study of human flourishing than decisive advancements. Literary scholars are drawn more readily to the problematic than to the decidable. But by dwelling on the trouble spots in a field of inquiry still largely confined to the sciences, this volume provides the groundwork for new and more productive forms of interdisciplinary collaboration and exchange. (shrink)

This essay raises the question of gender in relation to the question of intellectuals in Britain, commenting on the gender blindness that made their exclusion so automatic in Collini's study. It looks at some women who might have been included, focussing particularly on Virginia Woolf as one who was not only a very significant public intellectual, but who in her essays entitled 'The Common Reader' also provided a definition and analysis of the role of an intellectual which is very different (...) from that suggested by Collini. Rather than offering expert advice, Woolf sought to help readers to develop their own critical insights. (shrink)

Pour se repérer dans l'immense labyrinthe que forme l'œuvre de Husserl, telle qu'elle nous est enfin devenue accessible aujourd'hui grâce aux publications des Archives de Louvain, il faut y prendre pour fil d'Ariane la décomposition du versant subjectif de l'intentionnalité en ses trois modes : son mode perceptif, son mode imaginaire et son mode signitif, en la situant à l'arrière de celle de son versant objectif en un a priori synthétique matériel et un a priori analytique formel. Il s'agit bien (...) là, en effet, du double invariant structural autour duquel sont venus s'ordonner tous les déplacements thématiques où a dû s'engager Husserl avant de parvenir à fonder la phénoménologie transcendantale, en y prenant toujours davantage de distance par rapport aux conditions de fonctionnement actuelles de l'intentionnalité. Et Husserl put alors résoudre l'énigme qu'elles posent au départ : en tendant à faire croire à tort que ces deux versants n'auraient jamais été séparés par rien, alors que les lois d'essence qui régissent les rapports entre leurs éléments respectifs ont toujours été et resteront toujours irréductiblement dissymétriques. Aussi la question devait-elle finir par se poser : de savoir si la phénoménologie est axiomatisable à l'aide d'un modèle rigoureux. Peut-elle prendre appui, pour procéder au traitement de cet a priori subjectif, sur le paradigme fourni, au terme de son histoire, par la mathesis universalis? Et devra-t-elle même se donner plusieurs systèmes d'axiomes, afin de rendre compte par là des différents genres de phases de développement à la fois généalogiques et téléologiques par où passe et repasse sans cesse toute vie intentionnelle? J. E. (shrink)