Dans L’Anti-Œdipe, Deleuze s’oppose violemment à la psychanalyse freudienne. Il l’accuse de n’être au fond qu’un processus participant à la répression du désir. En lieu et place de la psychanalyse, Deleuze veut fonder la schizo-analyse. Celle-ci aurait la spécificité d’éviter la répression des machines désirantes par le signifiant. Elle se focaliserait plus sur la manière dont marchent les machines désirantes de chacun que sur une analyse schématique. Mais la nature exacte de cette schizo-analyse deleuzienne demeure difficile à déterminer.

Alice Crary is a moral and social philosopher who has written widely on issues in metaethics, moral psychology and normative ethics, philosophy and feminism, critical animal studies, critical disability studies, critical philosophy of race, philosophy and literature, and Critical Theory. She has written on philosophers such as John L. Austin, Stanley Cavell, Cora Diamond, John McDowell, Iris Murdoch and Ludwig Wittgenstein. This is the first of two parts of the interview with Crary conducted in a single exchange in the first (...) weeks of January 2022, where she discusses ordinary language philosophy and feminism, Wittgenstein’s conception of mind and its relation to feminist ethics, the link between Wittgenstein and Critical Theory, and her own views about efforts to bring about social and political transformations. The second part on “Wittgenstein and Critical Theory” is published in the regular volume 11 of NWR. (shrink)

This is the second of two parts of an interview with Alice Crary conducted in a single exchange in the first weeks of January 2022, where she discusses ordinary language philosophy and feminism, Wittgenstein’s conception of mind and its relation to feminist ethics, the link between Wittgenstein and Critical Theory, and her own views about efforts to bring about social and political transformations. The first part on “Wittgenstein and Feminism” is published in the NWR Special Issue “Wittgenstein and Feminism”, forthcoming (...) later this year. (shrink)

""Catching Ourselves in the Act" is no less than an attempt to explain intelligence. Delightful how the author dismantles traditional views in.

What standard or principle should guide decisionmaking concerning the permissibility of allowing children to be organ donors? For a long time, it has been widely assumed that the best interest of the child is the appropriate standard. But recently, several critics have charged that this standard fails to give due weight to the interests of the family and the intimate relationships that the family makes possible.1,2 This article reviews and rejects both the best-interest standard and the alternative standard recommended by (...) the critics. I then propose a new standard to help parents, healthcare professionals, and judges decide when it is and is not permissible for children to serve as organ donors. This new standard modifies and broadens the best-interest standard to allow it to account adequately for the contribution that intimate relationships make to the well-being of children. (shrink)

Background Scientific and technological advancements in mapping and understanding the interrelated pathways through which biological and environmental exposures affect disease development create new possibilities for detecting disease risk factors. Early detection of such risk factors may help prevent disease onset or moderate the disease course, thereby decreasing associated disease burden, morbidity, and mortality. However, the ethical implications of screening for disease risk factors are unclear and the current literature provides a fragmented and case-by-case picture. Methods To identify key ethical considerations (...) arising from the early detection of disease risk factors, we performed a systematic scoping review. The Scopus, Embase, and Philosopher’s Index databases were searched for peer-reviewed, academic records, which were included if they were written in English or Dutch and concerned the ethics of (1) early detection of (2) disease risk factors for (3) disease caused by environmental factors or gene-environment interactions. All records were reviewed independently by at least two researchers. Results After screening 2034 titles and abstracts, and 112 full papers, 55 articles were included in the thematic synthesis of the results. We identified eight common ethical themes: (1) Reliability and uncertainty in early detection, (2) autonomy, (3) privacy, (4) beneficence and non-maleficence, (5) downstream burdens on others, (6) responsibility, (7) justice, and (8) medicalization and conceptual disruption. We identified several gaps in the literature, including a relative scarcity of research on ethical considerations associated with environmental preventive health interventions, a dearth of practical suggestions on how to address expressed concerns about overestimating health capacities, and a lack of insights into preventing undue attribution of health responsibility to individuals. Conclusions The ethical concerns arising with the early detection of risk factors are often interrelated and complex. Comprehensive ethical analyses are needed that are better embedded in normative frameworks and also assess and weigh the expected benefits of early risk factor detection. Such research is necessary for developing and implementing responsible and fair preventive health policies. (shrink)

Recently, novel lines of research have developed to study the influence of identity processes in sport-related behaviours. Yet, whereas emotions in sport are the result of a complex psychosocial process, little attention has been paid to examining the mechanisms that underlie how group membership influences athletes’ emotional experiences. The present narrative review aims at complementing the comprehensive review produced by Rees et al. (2015) on social identity in sport by reporting specific work on identity-based emotions in sport. To that end, (...) we firstly overview the different terminology currently used in the field of emotions in groups to clarify the distinct nature of emotions that result from an individual’s social identity. Secondly, we discuss key concepts of social identity to better understand the mechanisms underlying identity-based emotions. Thirdly, we address existing knowledge on identity-based emotions in sport. We close the present narrative review by suggesting future research perspectives based on existing meta-theories of social identity. Evidence from the social psychology literature is discussed alongside existing works from the sport literature to propose a crucial theoretical approach to better understand emotions in sport. (shrink)

Paulo Mendes da Rocha (né en 1928, lauréat du prix Pritzker en 2006) est l’un des grands architectes de notre temps. Auteur d’une œuvre encore mal connue hors du Brésil, il est également un théoricien de l’architecture tout à fait original. Cet article vise à présenter synthétiquement les grands thèmes de cette pensée en architecture qui entretisse sans cesse esthétique et politique sous le mot d’ordre d’une architecture « opportune ».

À l’heure des inquiétudes liées à l’habitation de l’Anthropocène et de sa cohorte de catastrophes continues, des menaces que font peser sur nous les risques pandémiques zoonotiques ou des controverses sociales répétées autour de la déconstruction toujours retardée des dominations systémiques de genre, de race et de classe, la question animale occupe aujourd’hui une place centrale dans les débats théoriques et pratiques qui agitent les différentes sphères de la vie sociale. Qu’il s’agisse de t...

This essay serves as an introduction to Anne Carson’s Euripides. It discusses Carson’s ongoing engagement with the tragedian, from Grief Lessons to her latest experimental H of H Playbook and The Trojan Women: A Comic, drawing attention to Carson’s cross-pollinating approach to Euripidean tragedy and antiquity more broadly, as well as the characteristic blending of academic and artistic styles that inform her translation poetics. The introduction includes details of the themes explored in the special issue, together with summaries of the (...) eight ‘takes’ that make up the collection. (shrink)

This piece looks into the atmospheric and catastrophic environments that punctuate H of H: storms, ice-breaks, volcanic eruptions, and nuclear explosions that give the tragic narrative an electrifying edge. It draws attention to a “chemical” poetics at the heart of Carson’s translation technique and thinking about Euripides’ play. This mannerism, also found in Euripides’s “combustible mixture of realism and extremism” (Grief Lessons, blurb), is not exclusive to H of H. It can be detected across Carson’s oeuvre – a tendency to (...) combust the reader’s mind in ways that become a philosophy for re-reading Euripides and, more ambitiously, Carson’s own sense of the tragic. (shrink)

In recent years, many states in the United States have passed legislation requiring laboratories to report the names of patients with low CD4 cell counts to their state Departments of Health. This name reporting is an integral part of the growing number of “HIV Reporting and Partner Notification Laws” which have emerged in response to recently revised guidelines suggested by the National Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Name reporting for patients with low CD4 cell counts allows for a more accurate (...) tracking of the natural history of HIV disease. However, given that this test is now considered to be an “indicator” of HIV, should it be subject to the same strict consent required for HIV testing? While the CDC has recommended that each state develop its own consent requirements for CD4 cell testing, most states have continued to rely on the presumed consent standards for CD4 cell testing that were in place before the passage of name reporting statutes. This allows physicians who treat patients who refuse HIV testing to order a CD4 cell blood analysis to gather information that is indicative of their patient’s HIV status. This paper examines the ethical and legal issues associated with the practice of “conscientious subversion” as it arises when clinicians use CD4 cell counts as a surrogate for HIV testing. (shrink)

Through a comparative reading of three novels of the late nineteenth century, namely Le Disciple, A rebours and Un homme libre, the monastic hermitage has emerged as a common place in which the protagonists of the novels, in search for a spiritual space, let themselves be shaped and transformed by the materiality of places. Through the consideration of the specific features of these closed and sacred sanctuaries, as well as the identity and the dream of the end of the 19th (...) century man, a new literature searching for an ideal will appear openly. (shrink)

Au milieu des années 1960, le Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies de Birmingham devint, sous l’impulsion de Richard Hoggart et de Stuart Hall, le lieu institutionnel d’élaboration des Cultural Studies. Il s’agissait, grâce à un nouvel effort collectif, d’infléchir les études marxistes depuis deux points de tension théorique et politique : 1/ le problème du réductionnisme économique au sein des études marxistes et la subordination des dimensions culturelles et idéologiques de la vie socia...

Journal of Philosophy of Education, EarlyView.

After a short sketch of Lowe’s account of his four basic categories, I discuss his theory of formal ontological relations and how Lowe wants to account for dispositional predications. I argue that on the ontic level Lowe is a pan-categoricalist, while he is a language dualist and an exemplification dualist with regard to the dispositional/categorical distinction. I argue that Lowe does not present an adequate account of disposition. From an Aristotelian point of view, Lowe conflates dispositional predication with hôs epi (...) to poly statements about what is normally or mostly the case. (shrink)

Résumé La pensée architecturale de Peter Zumthor, l’un des plus grands architectes contemporains (lauréat du Pritzker Price en 2009), est l’une des plus fortes de notre temps. Loin de tout sensationnalisme théorique, il développe une véritable pensée en architecture, faisant de l’« atmosphère » son déterminant essentiel. Contre l’oubli de l’histoire constitutif de la pensée moderniste, il cherche à « retrouver » l’architecture au moyen de l’exploration des données biographiques et contextuelles qui la fondent. C’est à la mise au jour (...) des éléments essentiels de cette pensée qu’est consacré cet article. (shrink)

Peter Zumthor est aujourd’hui considéré comme « l’architecte des atmosphères ». De ce fait, son œuvre est souvent rapprochée des théorisations de la notion d’atmosphère issues de la phénoménologie allemande. L’article vise à ressaisir la singularité de la problématique de l’atmosphère chez Zumthor (liens à la théorie du projet et à la production architecturale, aux notions centrales d’image et d’histoire), ainsi qu’à revenir sur les sources de ce concept chez Aldo Rossi, cela afin de comprendre de manière synthétique la nécessité, (...) le sens et les évolutions du recours à l’atmosphère dans cette manière de penser en architecture. (shrink)

Les rapports entretenus par Le Corbusier, architecte le plus emblématique de la modernité, avec le pouvoir politique sont foncièrement ambivalents. Promoteur inlassable du bonheur pour tous à travers l’architecture, Le Corbusier a pourtant frayé avec à peu près tous les pouvoirs, apparemment sans témoigner de préférences politiques, d’une manière qui semble contradictoire avec ses propres objectifs. À travers une série de paradoxes, nous cherchons à montrer que l’attitude politique de Le Corbusier ne doit pas simplement être référée à un ensemble (...) d’arguments factuels et historiques, voire à une forme d’opportunisme consubstantiel à l’architecte en recherche de commandes, mais également à une certaine conception théorique et philosophique de la nature du pouvoir lui-même. Le pouvoir, conçu de manière purement formelle et extrêmement individualiste, n’est jamais pensé autrement que comme simple moyen ou cause efficiente visant à mettre en action la seule révolution valable pour Le Corbusier, à savoir la transformation de la culture par l’architecture. Se dessine ainsi la figure d’une pensée profonde des pouvoirs de l’architecture, en même temps que d’une singulière absence d’intelligence du politique. (shrink)

Les rapports entretenus par Le Corbusier, architecte le plus emblématique de la modernité, avec le pouvoir politique sont foncièrement ambivalents. Promoteur inlassable du bonheur pour tous à travers l’architecture, Le Corbusier a pourtant frayé avec à peu près tous les pouvoirs, apparemment sans témoigner de préférences politiques, d’une manière qui semble contradictoire avec ses propres objectifs. À travers une série de paradoxes, nous cherchons à montrer que l’attitude politique de Le Corbusier ne doit pas simplement être référée à un ensemble (...) d’arguments factuels et historiques, voire à une forme d’opportunisme consubstantiel à l’architecte en recherche de commandes, mais également à une certaine conception théorique et philosophique de la nature du pouvoir lui-même. Le pouvoir, conçu de manière purement formelle et extrêmement individualiste, n’est jamais pensé autrement que comme simple moyen ou cause efficiente visant à mettre en action la seule révolution valable pour Le Corbusier, à savoir la transformation de la culture par l’architecture. Se dessine ainsi la figure d’une pensée profonde des pouvoirs de l’architecture, en même temps que d’une singulière absence d’intelligence du politique. (shrink)

Face aux défis lancés à la réflexion urbaine par les développements de la ville contemporaine, cet article tente de reprendre le concept de « droit à la ville » thématisé par Henri Lefebvre en le confrontant à certains des éléments les plus récents de la théorie critique et de la philosophie sociale d’Axel Honneth. Il s’agit ici de partir d’une analyse de ce que l’on pourrait appeler « les pathologies urbaines du social » pour montrer que le droit à la (...) ville, en tant qu’utopie assumée et nécessaire, peut constituer un horizon normatif légitime pour repenser la ville et répondre aux maladies contemporaines de l’urbain. (shrink)

The network society is generally challenging for today's communication practitioners because they are no longer the sole entities responsible for communication processes. This is a major change for many of them. In this paper, it will be contended that the normative practice model as developed within reformational philosophy is beneficial for clarifying the structure of communication practices. Based on this model, we argue that government communication should not be considered as primarily an activity that focuses on societal legitimation of policy; (...) rather, it focuses on clarifying the meaning of the actions of the government. If the government can convincingly answer the question about the reason for their actions, societal legitimation will subsequently follow. Hence, it is argued that government communication is primarily linguistically qualified. (shrink)

Special Issue, n. I, ch. 2, On the Transcendental.

À la croisée des recherches sur l’espace humain et du développement récent des études sur les émotions, l’étude philosophique, esthétique, sociologique, ethnographique, architecturale et urbaine des atmosphères décrit et analyse la manière dont se nouent, dans l’expérience vécue, les propriétés des espaces et des objets, le contexte de la perception sensible, et l’état affectif du sujet sur ses deux versants, l’intime et le partagé. Atmosphère (de même que l’anglais atmosphere ou l’allemand A...

Meiotic recombination in eukaryotic cells requires two homologs of E. coli RecA protein, Rad51 and Dmc1. Until recently, the role of Dmc1 in meiotic recombination was mostly attributed to genetic studies as purified Dmc1 was found to be a much weaker recombinase than Rad51 in the test tube. Now, Sehorn and colleagues1 have reported that, like Rad51, human Dmc1 is an efficient recombinase in vitro. Dmc1 forms helical nucleoprotein filaments—the signature of classical recombinases such as Rad51. These observations reveal a (...) high level of similitude between the Dmc1 and the Rad51 family of recombination enzymes in higher eukaryotes. BioEssays 26:1151–1155, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

Approaching Simone de Beauvoir's feminism and social commentary as a toolkit to understand our current crises, Simone de Beauvoir: Toolkit for the 21st Century brings together established and emerging scholars to apply her insights to gender studies, political philosophy, decolonisation, intellectual history, age theory, and critical phenomenology. The essays in this collection start from key concepts in Beauvoir's oeuvre and relate them to contemporary debates, asking how her notion of ambiguity speaks to decolonial freedom struggles; how myths inform our notions (...) of collective, national identities; how masculinity and its violence has reached new levels with the emergence of 'Incels'. These and other issues are central to this critical appraisal of Beauvoir's legacy, demonstrating the contemporary relevance of her thought as it diagnoses the present and looks toward change for a better future. This book will be of great interest to undergraduate and postgraduate students looking to engage with the political content of Simone de Beauvoir's work and the timely application of her ideas. (shrink)