We prove that all finitely axiomatizable tense logics with temporal operators for ‘always in the future’ and ‘always in the past’ and determined by linear fows time are coNP-complete. It follows, for example, that all tense logics containing a density axiom of the form ■n+1F p → nF p, for some n ≥ 0, are coNP-complete. Additionally, we prove coNP-completeness of all ∩-irreducible tense logics. As these classes of tense logics contain many Kripke incomplete bimodal logics, we obtain many natural (...) examples of Kripke incomplete normal bimodal logics which are nevertheless coNP-complete. (shrink)

Cet article aborde le rôle du personnage du diable dans le roman de Jerzy Krzysztoń Obłęd. Jusqu'à présent ce rôle n'est pas suffisamment apprécié, malgré qu’il soit de très grande importance. La raison d’être du diable dans ce roman e’est la personnification des états psychiques du heros et du narrateur en commun. Dans Obłęd le diable a été présenté, avant tout, du point de vue médical et il a enrichi la description de la maladie du héros principal. Comme la figure (...) du mal, le personnage du diable facilite à contempler la réalité du mal et de la souffrance. (shrink)

Wenn man das Bild eines modernen Polen aufzeichnen will, dann scheint es sinnvoll zu sein, aufzuzeigen, welche Einstellung ein modemer Durchschnittspole zu drei gesellschaftlich-moralischen Werten hat: zu der persönlichen Würde, zu der Wahrheit, zum Eigentum und zur Arbeit. Es ist allgemein bekannt, daß in der Nachkriegsgeschichte unseres Volkes das Jahr 1989 eine deutliche Zäsur darstellt: das 45 Jahre lang unbeschränkt herrschende kommunistische Regime wurde gestürzt, und an seiner Stelle wurde die liberal-demokratische Gesellschaftsordnung eingeführt. Das war kein ausschließlich ökonomisch-politisches Ereignis, Auch (...) das weltanschaulich-ideologische Klima der polnischen Kultur und Wissenschaft hat eine radikale Veränderung erfahren. Unbestreitbar ist für dieses Klima ein allgemeines Merkmal charakteristisch: uneingeschränkte Gedanken- und Redefreiheit. In dieser Hinsicht stehen die zwei Epochen i n diametralem Gegensatz zueinander. So ist es nicht verwunderlich, wenn das Bild des modernen Polen Züge sowohl „des Polen der kommunistischer Zeit" als auch „des Polen der postkommunistischen Zeit" aufweist. (shrink)

Wenn man das Bild eines modernen Polen aufzeichnen will, dann scheint es sinnvoll zu sein, aufzuzeigen, welche Einstellung ein modemer Durchschnittspole zu drei gesellschaftlich-moralischen Werten hat: zu der persönlichen Würde, zu der Wahrheit, zum Eigentum und zur Arbeit. Es ist allgemein bekannt, daß in der Nachkriegsgeschichte unseres Volkes das Jahr 1989 eine deutliche Zäsur darstellt: das 45 Jahre lang unbeschränkt herrschende kommunistische Regime wurde gestürzt, und an seiner Stelle wurde die liberal-demokratische Gesellschaftsordnung eingeführt. Das war kein ausschließlich ökonomisch-politisches Ereignis, Auch (...) das weltanschaulich-ideologische Klima der polnischen Kultur und Wissenschaft hat eine radikale Veränderung erfahren. Unbestreitbar ist für dieses Klima ein allgemeines Merkmal charakteristisch: uneingeschränkte Gedanken- und Redefreiheit. In dieser Hinsicht stehen die zwei Epochen i n diametralem Gegensatz zueinander. So ist es nicht verwunderlich, wenn das Bild des modernen Polen Züge sowohl „des Polen der kommunistischer Zeit" als auch „des Polen der postkommunistischen Zeit" aufweist. (shrink)

Le travail est consacré á la caractérisation de la théorie ď'argumentation créée par Perelman. Ce philosophe belge veut traitor la philosophie d’une façon ample, trouvant qu'elle doit aussi construire les principes de ľ'activité humaine, íl fáut que ces principes soient raisonnables et mútivés. Selon Perelman la logique contemporaine ne favorise pas сеs aspirations. Souvent elle est reduite à la logique formelle (A, Church, J. Bocheński), laissant en dehorn de ses intéréts ces moyens de raisonnemont qu’on applique a'laboration de la décision. (...) Perelman n'accepte pas ces conceptions, se reférant à Aristote. La théorie d ’argumentation proposée par lui, qu'on appelle rhétorique nouvelle, comprend ces techniques de raisonnement à l'aide desquelles on tend a faire accepter par l'auditoire donné la these présentée. Ces méthodes se trouvent à l'extérieur de la logique formelle et ne concement pas les situations dans les quelles on peut recourir a la vérification empirique. Elles sont langement appliquées dans les discussions philosophiques, morales, politiques et aussi juridiques. (shrink)

Contents: Preface. SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF MARIA STEFFEN-BATÓG AND TADEUSZ BATÓG. List of Publications of Maria Steffen-Batóg. List of Publications of Tadeusz Batóg. Jerzy POGONOWSKI: On the Scientific Works of Maria Steffen-Batóg. Jerzy POGONOWSKI: On the Scientific Works of Tadeusz Batóg. W??l??odzimierz LAPIS: How Should Sounds Be Phonemicized? Pawe??l?? NOWAKOWSKI: On Applications of Algorithms for Phonetic Transcription in Linguistic Research. Jerzy POGONOWSKI: Tadeusz Batóg's Phonological Systems. MATHEMATICAL LOGIC. Wojciech BUSZKOWSKI: Incomplete Information Systems and Kleene 3-valued Logic. Maciej (...) KANDULSKI: Categorial Grammars with Structural Rules. Miros??l??awa KO??L??OWSKA-GAWIEJNOWICZ: Labelled Deductive Systems for the Lambek Calculus. Roman MURAWSKI: Satisfaction Classes - a Survey. Kazimierz _WIRYDOWICZ: A New Approach to Dyadic Deontic Logic and the Normative Consequence Relation. Wojciech ZIELONKA: More about the Axiomatics of the Lambek Calculus. THEORETICAL LINGUISTICS. Jacek Juliusz JADACKI: Troubles with Categorial Interpretation of Natural Language. Maciej KARPI??N??SKI: Conversational Devices in Human-Computer Communication Using WIMP UI. Witold MACIEJEWSKI: Qualitative Orientation and Grammatical Categories. Zygmunt VETULANI: A System of Computer Understanding of Texts. Andrzej WÓJCIK: The Formal Development of van Sandt's Presupposition Theory. W??l??adys??l??aw ZABROCKI: Psychologism in Noam Chomsky's Theory . Ryszard ZUBER: Defining Presupposition without Negation. PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE AND METHODOLOGY OF SCIENCES. Jerzy KMITA: Philosophical Antifundamentalism. Anna LUCHOWSKA: Peirce and Quine: Two Views on Meaning. Stefan WIERTLEWSKI: Method According to Feyerabend. Jan WOLE??N??SKI: Wittgenstein and Ordinary Language. Krystyna ZAMIARA: Context of Discovery - Context of Justification and the Problem of Psychologism. (shrink)

J. F. C. Harrison has written that ‘for each age there is a new view of Mr Owen’, which is proof of the fertility and continuing relevance of his ideas. Not just in Britain and America but today around the world anti-poverty campaigners, birth-controllers, collectivists, communitarians, co-operators, ecologists, educationalists, environmentalists, feminists, humanitarians, internationalists, paternalistic capitalists, secularists, campaigners for social justice, trade unionists, urban planners, utopians, welfare reformers can all find something to admire and inspire in the treasure trove that is (...) the thought and actions of Robert Owen. Owen was a creative genius of global significance, a radical writer and activist of international reputation and reach who has inspired those seeking to change human society for the better. The contributors to this volume include not only many of the recognized experts on the life, work and legacy of Owen, but also work from younger scholars or scholars coming to the field afresh. The volume presents the most recent and original research on Owen. Owen notoriously (and impressively) dabbled in many spheres, and this is reflected in the its breadth of content. The unifying themes are Owen’s profile in his own time, and the relevance of his ideas for the generations that followed. His importance for educational and social philosophy, for political economy and for the political theory of socialism are all discussed, as are his contribution as a philanthropic employer, his political activities and the specificities of his historical context. (shrink)

1. P'it'agorasŭ Hakp'a ŭi ŭmangnon kwa ujuron -- 2. Arisŭt'ok'ŭsenusŭ ŭi kyŏnghŏm kwahakchŏk ŭmak iron -- 3. P'ŭllat'on-P'it'agorasŭjŏk chŏnt'ong -- 4. Kŭndae roŭi ihaeng -- 5. K'ep'ŭllŏ ŭi ŭmakchŏk ujuron -- 6. Sirhŏm kwahak kwa ŭmak ŭi hamnihwa -- 7. Nyut'ŏn ŭi ŭmakchŏk yubi -- Maejŭmmal : Nyut'ŏn ihu.

Part I: The Life of Cognitive Science:. William Bechtel, Adele Abrahamsen, and George Graham. Part II: Areas of Study in Cognitive Science:. 1. Analogy: Dedre Gentner. 2. Animal Cognition: Herbert L. Roitblat. 3. Attention: A.H.C. Van Der Heijden. 4. Brain Mapping: Jennifer Mundale. 5. Cognitive Anthropology: Charles W. Nuckolls. 6. Cognitive and Linguistic Development: Adele Abrahamsen. 7. Conceptual Change: Nancy J. Nersessian. 8. Conceptual Organization: Douglas Medin and Sandra R. Waxman. 9. Consciousness: Owen Flanagan. 10. Decision Making: J. Frank Yates (...) and Paul A. Estin. 11. Emotions: Paul E. Griffiths. 12. Imagery and Spatial Representation: Rita E. Anderson. 13. Language Evolution and Neuromechanisms: Terrence W. Deacon. 14. Language Processing: Kathryn Bock and Susan M. Garnsey. 15. Linguistics Theory: D. Terence Langendoen. 16. Machine Learning: Paul Thagard. 17. Memory: Henry L. Roediger III and Lyn M. Goff. 18. Perception: Cees Van Leeuwen. 19. Perception: Color: Austen Clark. 20. Problem Solving: Kevin Dunbar. 21. Reasoning: Lance J. Rips. 22. Social Cognition: Alan J. Lambert and Alison L. Chasteen. 23. Unconscious Intelligence: Rhianon Allen and Arthur S. Reber. 24. Understanding Texts: Art Graesser and Pam Tipping. 25. Word Meaning: Barbara C. Malt. Part III: Methodologies of Cognitive Science:. 26. Artificial Intelligence: Ron Sun. 27. Behavioral Experimentation: Alexander Pollatsek and Keith Rayner. 28. Cognitive Ethology: Marc Bekoff. 29. Deficits and Pathologies: Christopher D. Frith. 30. Ethnomethodology: Barry Saferstein. 31. Functional Analysis: Brian Macwhinney. 32. Neuroimaging: Randy L. Buckner and Steven E. Petersen. 33. Protocal Analysis: K. Anders Ericsson. 34. Single Neuron Electrophysiology: B. E. Stein, M.T. Wallace, and T.R. Stanford. 35. Structural Analysis: Robert Frank. Part IV: Stances in Cognitive Science:. 36. Case-based Reasoning: David B. Leake. 37. Cognitive Linguistics: Michael Tomasello. 38. Connectionism, Artificial Life, and Dynamical Systems: Jeffrey L. Elman. 39. Embodied, Situated, and Distributed Cognition: Andy Clark. 40. Mediated Action: James V. Wertsch. 41. Neurobiological Modeling: P. Read Montague and Peter Dayan. 42. Production Systems: Christian D. Schunn and David Klahr. Part V: Controversies in Cognitive Science:. 43. The Binding Problem: Valerie Gray Hardcastle. 44. Heuristics and Satisficing: Robert C. Richardson. 45. Innate Knowledge: Barbara Landau. 46. Innateness and Emergentism: Elizabeth Bates, Jeffrey L. Elman, Mark H. Johnson, Annette Karmiloff-Smith, Domenico Parisi, and Kim Plunkett. 47. Intentionality: Gilbert Harman. 48. Levels of Explanation and Cognition Architectures: Robert N. McCauley. 49. Modularity: Irene Appelbaum. 50. Representation and Computation: Robert S. Stufflebeam. 51. Representations: Dorrit Billman. 52. Rules: Terence Horgan and John Tienson. 53. Stage Theories Refuted: Donald G. Mackay. Part VI: Cognitive Science in the Real World:. 54. Education: John T. Bruer. 55. Ethics: Mark L. Johnson. 56. Everyday Life Environments: Alex Kirlik. 57. Institutions and Economics: Douglass C. North. 58. Legal Reasoning: Edwina L. Rissland. 59. Mental Retardation: Norman W. Bray, Kevin D. Reilly, Lisa F. Huffman, Lisa A. Grupe, Mark F. Villa, Kathryn L. Fletcher, and Vivek Anumolu. 60. Science: William F. Brewer and Punyashloke Mishra. Selective Biographies of Major Contributors to Cognitive Science: William Bechtel and Tadeusz Zawidzki. (shrink)

This paper presents a dual intention model (DIM) of demonstrations as actions to show the agentive nature of demonstrations. According to the DIM, demonstrations are complex actions that contain as components at least three elements: an abductive intention, a deictic intention, and a basic ostensive act of indication. This paper unpacks these three components and discusses their roles from the viewpoint of the philosophy of action and the philosophy of language. It also shows how the DIM applies in selected practical (...) examples and explains the merits of the model in the context of other views on demonstrations and demonstratives. (shrink)

1. Hŏryŏng, t'ŏng piŏ yŏnghwarhan maŭm -- 2. Ajik tŭrŏnaji anŭn maŭm esŏ chigak i kanŭng han'ga -- 3. Mibal kwa kijil ŭn ŏttŏn kwan'gye in'ga -- 4. Umjiginŭn maŭm kwa koyohan maŭm -- 5. Chigak ŭi sŏnggyŏk kwa kŭ yŏnwŏn e kwanhan munje.

Philosophical aspects of belief and ancestor worship in Southern Vietnam.

Explores intellectual and philosophical evolution of German philosopher Martin Heidegger, focusing on period after World War II. Analyzes how Heidegger s ideas, particularly his notion of being, influenced and were influenced by postwar context, including confrontation with Nazism and emergence of new philosophical currents. Argues that Heidegger s work offers relevant insights for contemporary philosophical debates and calls for a critical dialogue with his legacy. Discusses Heidegger s philosophy in the context of French and German philosophical schools, highlighting relevance of (...) his ideas and impact they had on contemporary philosophy. (shrink)

Computer simulation and thought experiments seem to produce knowledge about the world without intervening in the world. This has called for a comparison between the two methods. However, Chandrasekharan et al. argue that the nature of contemporary science is too complex for using TEs. They suggest CS as the tool for contemporary sciences and conclude that it will replace TEs. In this paper, by discussing a few TEs from the history of science, I show that the replacement thesis about TE (...) is a failure. The paper is divided into three sections. The first section discusses the arguments of Chandrasekharan et al. and demonstrates the three distinct aspects of the replacement thesis. The second section examines the argument against TE and shows that they are inadequate to prove the withering of TE from science. The third section discusses Albert Einstein’s Magnet and Conductor TE and demonstrates that replacing such TE with CS yield no advantage. (shrink)