As coletâneas não são concebidas para reunir pensadores diversos em torno de uma temática, mas fundamentalmente para, a partir dessa diversidade de autores em torno de uma unidade temática, fazer com que nós, leitores, exerçamos uma experiência de pensamento. A nosso ver, foi dessa forma que foi concebida a coletânea, publicada em 2012 (e que agora propomos apresentar aqui), pela revista francesa Rue Descartes, cujo tema versa sobre Kant, Foucault e a renovação da antropologia filosófica, e organizada por Diogo Sardinha, (...) do Collège International de Philosophie. (shrink)

This article studies a fragment on the conic sections that appear in the Codex Atlanticus, fols. 611rb/915ra. Arguments are put forward to assemble these two folios. Their comparison with the Latin texts available before 1500 shows that they derive from the De speculis comburentibus of Alhacen and the De speculis comburentibus of Regiomontanus, joined together in his autograph manuscript. Having identified the sources, and discussed their mathematics, the issue of their transmission is targeted. It is shown that these notes were (...) written by Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli, through whom they reached the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci. (shrink)

Quando discute os atos voluntários, em EN III 1-5, Aristóteles aborda duas questões: sob que condições alguém pode ser moralmente responsabilizado por suas ações e quando alguém pode ser dito livre para executar suas ações. Aristóteles defende que podemos ser moralmente responsabilizado apenas se está em nosso poder agir e também não agir. O objetivo deste ensaio é analisar e, investigando se a noção “está em seu poder” é utilizada em um sentido indeterminista ou predeterminista por Aristóteles. Será defendido que (...) há referências textuais para ambas as leituras, o que torna a questão insolúvel.: When discusses the voluntary acts, in EN III 1-5, Aristotle deals with two questions: under which conditions someone can be morally responsible for his actions and when someone can be seen as free to act. Aristotle argues that we can be morally responsible only if is in our power to act and also it is in our power not to act. The aim of this essay is to analyze and, considering if the concept of “in our power” is used by Aristotle in an indeterminist or pre-determinist sense. It will be defended that there are textual references in favor of both interpretations, from which we can conclude that the question is unsolvable. Key words: Indeterminism. Predeterminism. Voluntary. (shrink)

Até que ponto temos a obrigação moral de sacrificar nossos interesses pessoais e o nossobem viver para beneficiar outros? Um desafio para qualquer teoria moral é responder a essa pergunta deuma maneira moderada. Uma resposta moderada reconheceria que o agente tem uma obrigação moralde atender às legítimas necessidades alheias, porém não de uma maneira que o impediria de se dedicara projetos e objetivos pessoais que orientam e dão significado à sua vida. O contratualismo moral deThomas Scanlon é defendido por seus (...) proponentes como uma teoria moderada nesse sentido. Oobjetivo deste artigo é avaliar a plausibilidade dessa pretensão. Defenderei que as demandas dabeneficência, sob o contratualismo, parecem impor custos ao agente moral que são mais quemoderados. Concluo sugerindo que isso não deveria ser visto como devastador para o contratualismomoral. (shrink)

This paper presents a transcription of a handwritten Latin text, along with its translation into English, that was identified only very recently in the Kongelige Bibliothek in Copenhagen while preparing the new critical edition of Kant’s Nova dilucidatio (PND). The text consists of remarks by Johann Reinhold Grube, composed in his role as opponent at Kant’s disputation for the venia legendi on 27 September 1755. Grube’s interleaved opposing remarks on Kant’s dissertatio metaphysica pro receptione contain precious starting points for new (...) lines of research, since they vividly exemplify the point of view of one of the participants in the debate, a perspective that is rarely documented. In addition to informing us about how the disputation itself was carried out and which traditional rhetorical techniques were used, these remarks offer a compelling glimpse into the immediate reception of Kant’s first thoughts on logic and metaphysics, giving scholars access to an ingenious reaction to Kant’s stance on the theory of judgment. (shrink)

The object of G. F. Meier's Vernunftlehre and its abridgement for courses, the Auszug aus der Vernunftlehre, does not consist exclusively in the elaboration of the formal aspects of logic, but rather in the individuation of the elements of thought and language, which make human understanding possible. Instead of limiting himself to formal truth, Meier investigates the realms of epistemic, aesthetic, and historic truths, of horizons, and prejudices. Kant used both Meier's Vernunftlehre and its Auszug for about forty years in (...) his logic-lectures. Kant's Logik, and also his Kritik der reinen Vernunft, were thus strongly influenced by Meier. (shrink)

Rodolfo Sacco has devoted much of his research to the relations between law and language. His analysis were focused on the problem of legal translation for comparative law research, on mute law, and on the importance of understanding the dynamics of the different languages in Europe today.

L’énorme besoin incarné par la pandémie et la double transition verte et numérique rend trois scénarios crédibles. Si le premier consiste à se résigner à l’accélération vers le bas de la communauté mondiale, et si le second voit la Chine en position prédominante, il existe un troisième scénario qui vaut la peine d’être considéré, à savoir la Nouvelle Renaissance. Nous voyons d’abord le premier problème que pose l’idée d’une Nouvelle Renaissance : elle reste centrée sur l’Europe. L’invention de nouvelles matières (...) premières a donné naissance à de nouveaux modes de production. D’où le deuxième problème : quelles seront ses nouvelles formes, c’est-à-dire comment identifier et sélectionner ce qui est ou sera la Nouvelle Renaissance? Il s’agit d’un projet à long terme, ce qui soulève le troisième problème : comment impliquer les citoyens? Mais nous savons qu’une Nouvelle Renaissance ne peut avoir lieu sans la volonté des communautés d’exercer leur autonomie épistémique ( sapere aude! ) face aux défis et aux nouvelles technologies. (shrink)

What comes after "postmodernism"?

Como devemos conduzir nossas investigações morais para decidir no que acreditar sobre questões morais? Como a plausibilidade de juízos, teorias e princípios morais deve ser avaliada? Como devemos tentar remover nossas dúvidas quando estamos incertos sobre o que é certo ou errado, bom ou mau, justo ou injusto? O método do equilíbrio reflexivo, desenvolvido por John Rawls em A Theory of Justice e desde então adotado por um crescente número de filósofos, é uma tentativa de responder a questões como essas. (...) O equilíbrio reflexivo pode ser interpretado de vários modos, muitos dos quais completamente incompatíveis entre si, mas as duas visões mais representativas do método são os modelos coerentista e intuicionista. Neste artigo o meu objetivo é argumentar que nós deveríamos entender o equilíbrio reflexivo como um método intuicionista de investigação moral. Assim, eu comparo essas duas visões, como elas diferem no modo como concebem o funcionamento e os objetivos do método, para defender que a tradição coerentista de interpretação do método reduz a investigação moral a uma mera busca por coerência, com isso ignorando a função metodológica que intuições morais desempenham em nossas reflexões morais. Em contraste, a interpretação intuicionista oferece um modelo de investigação que integra intuição morais com a busca por coerência, explicando por que e como esses dois elementos funcionam em conjunto em nossas reflexões morais. A minha alegação é a de que apenas quando o equilíbrio reflexivo é interpretado de acordo com esse modelo intuicionista que ele pode ser visto em uso na prática reflexiva de filósofos morais reconhecidamente competentes, como John Rawls, Judith Jarvis Thomson e Peter Singer. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to discuss Bernard Williams’s theory of reasons for action. Following the introduction and analysis of its main concepts and the identification of the argument that it is offered in its favor and against alternative positions, I analyze the objection that the soundness of this argument depends on the acceptance of a procedural conception of correct deliberation that Williams would have assumed, without offering any argument, as true. I argue that this objection is false because (...) it is possible to identify in his writings a supplementary argument justifying his preference for a procedural conception. (shrink)

This book is about innovation, reflection and inclusion. Cultural innovation is something real that tops up social and technological innovation by providing the reflective society with spaces of exchange in which citizens engage in the process of sharing their experiences while appropriating common goods content. We are talking of public spaces such as universities, academies, libraries, museums, science-centres, but also of any place in which co-creation activities may occur. The argument starts with the need for new narratives in the history (...) of philosophy, which can be established through co-creation, the motor of cultural innovation. The result is redefining the history of philosophy in terms of a dialogical civilization by ensuring continuous translations, individual processes of reflection and collective processes of inclusion. Readers will grasp the effectiveness of the history of philosophy in societies that are inclusive, innovative and reflective. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Kant-Index: Band 5: Stellenindex und Konkordanz zur "Wiener Logik,"Riccardo PozzoNorbert Hinske. Kant-Index: Band 5: Stellenindex und Konkordanz zur "Wiener Logik," Erstellt in Zusammenarbeit mit Heinrich P. Delfosse und Michael Oberhausen unter Mitwirkung von Hans-Werner Bartz, Christian Popp, Tina Strauch und Michael Trauth. Bad Cannstatt: frommann-holzboog, 1999. Pp. Cxiii + 865.The Wiener Logik has long led a shadowy existence. This has nothing to do with the quality of the (...) text, but rather with accidental conditions. When the manuscript of the Wiener Logik was discovered in 1913, the planning of the Akademie-Ausgabe of Kant's complete works had already been largely completed and eight volumes of the works, three of the correspondence and two of the Nachlaß were published. Erich Adickes' edition of Kant's Reflexionen über die Logik appeared in 1914. Hinske suggests that, had Adickes considered it, the Wiener Logik would have played a valuable role in integrating Kant's reflections (xi). This double-volume makes up for all this by highlighting the relevance of this lecture transcript with special reference to Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, which is close to it not only in time but also systematically. It contains a lemmatized main index that makes a recognition of the language of the logic course possible and a concordance that allows one to check the corresponding passages. The introduction and more than twenty pages of editorial notes elaborate on the relationship of the Wiener Logik to other Kantian texts while correcting and integrating the references to sources indicated in its 1966 edition by Gerhard Lehmann within the Akademie-Ausgabe (lxxii-xcvi). At the same time, the index correcs more than one hundred fifty errors of the 1966 edition (lviii-lxvii).The Wiener Logik was translated into English by J. Michael Young in the volume of The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant dedicated to the Lectures on Logic (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, 251-377). Young made clear that the Wiener Logik is constituted by two different parts (ibid., xxv f.). In fact the manuscript shows a first part written by the hand of a professional copyist, which covers Kant's course until almost the end of the theory of judgement (Akademie-Ausgabe, vol. 24, 790-937), and a second part constituted by a single page written by another hand (probably a student while sitting in Kant's classroom), which deals with the very end of the theory of judgement and the beginning of the theory of syllogism (ibid., 937-40). One needs to recall, though, that the text of the Wiener Logik is incomplete, given that a large part of the theory of syllogism as well as the theory of method, of discourse and of character are missing. The first part of the Wiener Logik shows several parallels with the edited fragments of the Logik Hoffmann (ibid., 944-52), while the second part shows parallels with the Logik Hechsel, which was discovered in 1983 and has recently been made accessible by Tilman Pinder (cf. Logik-Vorlesungen: Unveröffentliche Nachschriften, Hamburg: Meiner, 1998, 271-499). In fact, J. Michael Young found it convenient to complete his translation of the missing parts of the Wiener Logik by the attaching to it the corresponding parts of the Logik Hechsel (cf. Lectures on Logic, 381-423).Hinske provides new arguments as regards the dating of the Wiener Logik by objecting to both the late dating to the nineties suggested by Wilhelm Jerusalem and the early dating before 1781 by Reinhard Brandt and Tilman Pinder. Hinske remarks that while for the terminus ad quem one should consider the years indicated on the frontispice (1794 [End Page 284] and 1796), the terminus a quo should be set after the final redaction of the Critique of Pure Reason (xxiii f.). Following Hinske's lead and on the basis of an accurate examination on the cross-references between the texts, Bruno Bianco has proposed that the terminus a quo be set not before the publication of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason (cf. the Italian translation edited by Bianco, Milan: Angeli, forthcoming).What makes the Wiener Logik and this index particularly interesting for Kant... (shrink)

Inhalt: K.-O. Apel: Vorwort - G. Calabro: Gesprach uber Hobbes mit Karl-Heinz Ilting - I. Grundfragen der praktischen Philosophie: H.-G. Gadamer: Die Gegenwart der sokratischen Frage in Aristoteles - P. Lorenzen: Politische Ethik - J. D'Hondt: Die Ethik und der Weltlauf - K.-O. Apel: Faktische Anerkennung oder einsehbar notwendige Anerkennung? - H. Schnadelbach: Rationalitat und Normativitat - F. W. Veauthier: Vom sozialen Verantwortungsapriori im phanomenologischen Denken - K. Lorenz: Der Antagonismus von Freiheit und Gerechtigkeit - P. Rohs: Moralische Praferenzen - (...) H. Hoppe: Normenbegrundung ohne naturalistischen Fehlschluss? - W. Kuhlmann: Solipsismus in Kants praktischer Philosophie und die Diskursethik - R. Maliandi: Anerkennung oder Argumentation? - L. H. Meyer: Anerkennung, Zumutbarkeit und Diskussion als praktische Prinzipien - A. Cortina: Substantielle Ethik oder wertfreie Verfahrensethik? - R. Zimmer: Der Selbstbezug des asthetischen Zeichens - II. Zur Geschichte der praktischen Philosophie: P. R. Franke: Zu einem Munzbildnis des Stoikers Chrysippos - V. Hosle: Recht und Geschichte bei Giambattista Vico - M. Riedel: Imputation der Handlung und Applikation des Sittengesetzes - A. Buha: Moral und Geschichte - C. Cesa: Zum Begriff des Praktischen bei Fichte - N. Bobbio: Hegel und das Recht - L. W. Beck: Reformation, Revolution und Restauration in Hegels politischer Philosophie - D. Losurdo: Moralisches Motiv und Primat der Politik bei Hegel - P. Becchi: Die Wurzeln der Ethik der Uberzeugung - R. Pozzo: 'Bourgeois' oder 'citoyen'? Zu Hegels Begriff der burgerlichen Gesellschaft - Die Veroffentlichungen K.-H. Iltings von P. Becchi - Personenregister - Sachregister. (shrink)

‘Social and Cultural Innovation’ is a syntagma that is receiving increased usage among researchers since it was the title chosen by the European Strategy Forum Research Infrastructures for the work...

La clonación, las células madres, la pena de muerte, el suicidio, la eutanasia, los trasplantes de órganos, las drogas... una reflexión sobre los principales problemas éticos relacionados con la vida. Este libro, rico y actual en datos, riguroso en su reflexión, dialogante con las ciencias y respetuoso de las fuentes de la teología moral católica, aborda una amplitud de temas éticos en torno a la vida humana. Frente a los múltiples problemas que se presentan en el campo de la vida, (...) hoy no se puede presentar una ética que no se haga comprensible y razonable. Se trata, por tanto, de ofrecer una fundamentación de aquellas opciones que nos resultan más humanizantes, pero sin eliminar la dimensión religiosa, que ilumina, confirma y abre a la trascendencia. (shrink)

David Hume (1711-1776) es sin duda el filósofo más importante de la ilustración británica. Se ocupó de una enorme variedad de problemas y sobre todos ellos ejerció su mirada crítica. En los ensayos que aquí presentamos puede apreciarse muy bien el alcance y la actualidad de sus planteamientos: una epistemología dispuesta a atenerse tanto a lo que nos muestra la experiencia como a las disposiciones de nuestra naturaleza. Una moral atenta a la felicidad humana (basada en la búsqueda de lo (...) inmediatamente agradable y de lo útil), y a la variedad de formas en que la misma puede concretarse. Una política elaborada pensando en la justicia, en el diálogo y en la necesidad de establecer acuerdos y contratos. Una crítica implacable de la superstición y el entusiasmo, y de las consecuencias negativas para la sociedad del fanatismo y la intolerancia. No es entonces extraño que nuestro autor pueda convertirse así en un interlocutor privilegiado para muchas corrientes filosóficas del momento. (shrink)