Resumen La repercusión que el mito de Antígona ha tenido en la teoría feminista es comparable a la que ha tenido en la historia de la cultura y del pensamiento occidental. Pero, ¿cómo llega la figura de Antígona, una ficción indudablemente masculina, a convertirse en insignia feminista?, ¿podría perder sus reflejos de masculinidad y entrar a formar parte de una genealogía femenina? Atadas, como estamos, a una representación y lenguaje masculinos, se impone la necesidad de sacarla del mundo y lógica (...) edípicos para leerla bajo una perspectiva más cercana a la figura central, aunque invisible, de Yocasta.The impact that the myth of Antigone has had on feminist theory is comparable to the one it has had on the history of Western culture and thought. But how does the figure of Antigone, an undoubtedly masculine fiction, become a feminist badge? Could it lose its reflections of masculinity and become part of a female genealogy? Tied as we are to a masculine representation and language it becomes necessary to take it out of the Oedipal world and logic, to read it in keys that bring it closer to the central yet invisible figure of Yocasta. (shrink)

There has been little investigation of male adolescent violence against women as acknowledged by boys themselves, and even less on such violence in different contexts with comparative studies of behavior between those who perpetrate this violence and the population at large. This study used cluster analysis to establish a male adolescent typology based on boys’ self-reporting of violence against women in three contexts. The participants were 3,132 Spanish teenage boys aged 14–18 with experience of relationships with girls. Three discrete, identifiable (...) types were obtained: the first group, of non-violent boys; the second group, more involved in sexual harassment online outside a relationship but with a low incidence of dating violence offline; the third group, with abuse in the three contexts but less involved in sexual harassment online than the second group. The logistic regression analysis showed that justification of male dominance and violence was the main risk condition for inclusion in the second and third groups, followed by low self-esteem and risky sexual behaviors online. The findings based on these results are important for preventing male adolescent dating violence against women in the three male types detected. (shrink)

This paper is concerned with the role of self-observation in managing complexity in meaning systems. Revising Niklas Luhmann's theory of mass media, we approach the mass media system as a social sub-system functionally specialized in the coupling of psychic systems' self-observation and social systems' self-observation.According to Autopoietic Systems Theory and von Foerster's second order cybernetics, self-observation presupposes a capability for meta-observation that demands a specific distinction between observer and actor. This distinction seems especially relevant in those social contexts where a (...) separation between the action of observation and other social actions is required. However, in those social contexts where the defining action is precisely observation, the border between observer and actor is blurred.We shall consider the significant divergence between the implicit and the explicit epistemologies of the mass media system, which appears to be characterized by the explicit assumption of a classic objectivist epistemology, on one side, and a relativist epistemology on the other, posing a hybrid epistemic status somewhere in between science and arts. (shrink)

The paper introduces a special issue of the journal Philosophical Problems in Science (ZFN) on the topic of the nature and norms of scientific explanation.

A lo largo del siglo XIX mexicano, la definición de las relaciones entre la Iglesia y el Estado estuvo siempre en la mesa de la discusión pública. Desde la independencia y hasta el movimiento de Reforma, se trató de delimitar el papel que la institución eclesiástica debía ocupar en la nueva nación. Así, a mediados de siglo se reconfiguró en respuesta la secularización que se produjo en México y en gran parte del mundo occidental.

Hernán Cortés, the conquistador of Mexico, conquered Mesoamerican territories between 1519 and 1525. Over the course of those years he maintained an intense epistolary exchange with the Emperor Charles V, to whom he wrote his Cartas de relación and many other letters and memories. In return, the emperor rewarded Cortés with vassals, titles and honors. However, as time passed, when Cortés established his home in the New Spain, the epistolary exchange, which was so fruitful at the beginning, in the end (...) became a nuisance for Charles V because of the constant complaints of the conquistador. As a consequence, between 1530 and 1547, after the glorious years, the relationship between Cortés and the monarch became estranged and complicated. This paper analyzes some of the letters Cortés sent to the emperor, and reflects on the importance of his figure in 16th century Spain, as well as the relevance of a relationship, that of the emperor and the conquistador, that changed the face of the known world. (shrink)

Hernán Cortés, el conquistador de México, llevó a cabo sus conquistas entre 1519 y 1525. En esos años mantuvo una intensa relación epistolar con el emperador Carlos V, a quien dirigió sus Cartas de relación y muchas otras cartas y memoriales. A su vez, el emperador premió a Cortés con vasallos, títulos y honores. Sin embargo, al pasar de los años, cuando Cortés se estableció en la Nueva España, esa relación epistolar, que al principio fue muy fructífera, al final se (...) convirtió en una molestia por las continuas quejas y reclamos del conquistador. Así, entre 1530 y 1547, después de los años de gloria, la relación entre Cortés y el monarca se tornó lejana y complicada. En este trabajo se analizan algunas de las cartas que Hernán Cortés envió al emperador y se hace una reflexión sobre la importancia de su figura en la España del siglo XVI, así como la relevancia de una relación, la del emperador y el conquistador, que cambió la faz del mundo entonces conocido. (shrink)

This paper contains a survey of the main definitions and results obtained to date related to Temporal Equilibrium Logic, a nonmonotonic hybrid approach that combines Equilibrium Logic (the best-known logical characterisation for the stable models semantics of logic programs) with Linear-Time Temporal Logic.

In this paper, we study the introduction of modal past temporal operators in Temporal Equilibrium Logic, an hybrid formalism that mixes linear-time modalities and logic programs interpreted under stable models and their characterisation in terms of Equilibrium Logic. We show that Kamp’s translation can also be used to translate the new extension of TEL with past operators into Quantified Equilibrium Logic. Additionally, we provide a method for removing past operators that consists in replacing past-time subformulas by fresh auxiliary atoms, obtaining (...) an equivalent formula, modulo the original alphabet. (shrink)

Pensar el asunto del deber moral en la ética profesional es el objetivo central de este trabajo, el cual es llevado a cabo, partiendo del análisis y desarrollo de los conceptos que lo fundan como problema filosófico; el concepto de profesión a través de la historia, la deontología como ética profesional y el concepto de deber moral en la praxis profesional, son los tres momentos lógicos que guían este estudio.

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between migrating soccer players and the annual ranking of the national teams according to the World Football Elo Rating. The sample includes annual data for 243 countries over the period 1994-2018. Migration is captured with the number of migrating players by country in the ‘big-five’ leagues. The causal relationship between the two variables is examined by using Granger causality test. Four control variables are included: the political regime, per capita income, (...) population and regional soccer confederations. The results shed light on two crucial issues. First, causality mainly goes from national soccer performance to migrating soccer players rather than the other way around. Second, the timing of the two effects is quite different. While those players giving an outstanding performance when their national team is doing well are immediately bought by clubs from more highly ranked leagues (the shop-window effect), it takes at least four years for the additional skills acquired by migrated players to have a positive effect on the national soccer performance (the blending effect). (shrink)

La muerte resulta problemática para la contemporaneidad. El existencialismo es una corriente filosófica que presenta la facticidad de la mortalidad como propia de la vida. El pensador Albert Camus articula los pilares fundamentales de su filosofía en torno a la experiencia de la muerte, que lleva al absurdo, del que debe partir la acción rebelde. En esta investigación se analizan algunas dinámicas que, pretendiendo huir de la muerte, solo han conseguido hacernos débiles frente a ella. Presentaremos a Sísifo y Rieux, (...) dos de los personajes de sus escritos, como aquellos paradigmas de conducta que pueden contribuir a hacernos más conscientes del absurdo y poder, de este modo, vivir, amar y luchar. (shrink)

El presente artículo se enmarca en el campo de la comprensión acerca del sentido que se le otorga a la escuela. En este caso se contextualiza la pregunta en estudiantes mapuche que asisten a un colegio rural de alta vulnerabilidad socioeconómica. A través de un enfoque cualitativo se buscó principalmente comprender el sentido que le dan niños y niñas a la escuela y las motivaciones que tienen para asistir. Participaron 20 niños y niñas en dos grupos focales. Luego de los (...) análisis iniciales se procedió a volver al campo realizando diez entrevistas individuales. Los resultados muestran que el sentido de la escuela se configura tanto por motivaciones internas como expectativas que tienen los padres sobre el futuro de sus hijos. Desde la mirada de los estudiantes, tanto profesores como padres motivan a los estudiantes a salir de la ruralidad, a seguir estudios superiores como una fórmula de éxito social. (shrink)