The aim of the present research was to assess elite student-athletes’ perception of the dual career during the lockdown caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, compared with a group of elite student-athletes who could develop their dual career under normal conditions. A total of 150 elite athletes who were also undergraduate or postgraduate students self-completed the “Perceptions of dual career student-athletes ” questionnaire. From them, 78 did it during the mandatory lockdown period due to the state of emergency caused (...) by COVID-19 and 72 completed it in the previous year to Rio 2016 Olympic Games. The COVID-19 group was found to spend a significantly higher number of hours per week studying, while no significant differences were observed between groups in any training time variable. Student-athletes of the COVID-19 group showed better perception of whether their sport career could help them cope with their academic career and better general perception of remote learning and the use of tasks and videoconferencing as learning support tools. A lower percentage of athletes of the COVID-19 group than of the control group wished to continue with their sport career once they finished their studies. To conclude, student-athletes of the COVID-19 group show adaptations with regard to the organization of their studies and the importance they give to them and to the services provided by dual-career programs, compared with student-athletes from an ordinary pre-Olympic year. In general, student-athletes’ perception of the dual career is very positive. (shrink)

The dual career allows elite athletes to attain their maximum competitive and academic performance, but the COVID-19 pandemic hindered their development and changed their perception of the importance given to the sporting and educational environment. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to determine the differences in the motivations and perceived barriers, the importance given to academic qualifications, and the perception of the dual career from a multifactorial perspective, of elite athletes according to sex, type of sport (...) practiced, job performance, time of sports career, type of athlete, and type of scholarship received. A total of 100 student-athletes participated in the research study by completing the “Perceptions of dual career student-athletes” questionnaire. The results showed that athletes from individual modalities and those who did not receive any scholarships described more barriers. In addition, women studied more because they enjoyed it ; athletes from individual modalities studied to work later ; athletes who do not work perceived a greater influence between study and sports performance ; at the beginning and at the best stage of their sports career, a greater influence of academics on performance was perceived ; and athletes who considered themselves professionals, and athletes who did not receive any scholarships, reported that the conciliation between sports and academic life was difficult. The results obtained point to the importance of dual career scholarships for student-athletes, as well as the need for the programs implemented for these athletes to consider sex, sport modality or type of scholarship granted. (shrink)

This study aimed to investigate the student-athletes' capability to face the academic, sport, and social challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown and to disclose novel aspects of dual careers. A 32-item online survey encompassing demographic characteristics, sport and university engagement, support and dual-career benefits, physical activity, sitting time, and the time deemed necessary to recover the previous level of performance was developed. Four hundred sixty-seven student-athletes (males: 57%, females: 43%) from 11 countries, competing in 49 different sports (individual: (...) 63.4%, team: 36.6%) at regional (17.5%), national (43.3%), and international (39.2%) levels, and enrolled at high school (21.9%) and university (78.1%) levels completed the survey. During the lockdown, the respondents decreased the time dedicated to sport and academics, although they maintained an active lifestyle. Student-athletes from countries under severe contagion were more likely to train at home, dedicate to academics, and receive support from the coach but less likely receive support from their teachers. With respect to their team sport counterparts, athletes competing in individual sports trained more and were more likely to receive support from their coaches. International athletes showed the highest training time and support from their coaches and as student-athletes. High school students received more support from their coaches and teachers, whereas university students were more likely considering dual careers useful to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study substantiates the relevant role of competitive sports participation in the maintenance of active lifestyles, with student-athletes considering home training and e-learning valuable resources during the lockdown. Furthermore, their sport and academic commitments helped student-athletes cope with the emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic. (shrink)

v. 1. Para pensar a Bolívar -- v. 2. Lenguajes republicanos.

Ensayos-homenaje en el primer centenario del nacimiento del fil sofo espa ol, que abordan diversos aspectos de la obra de Ortega. Los cuatro trabajos dibujan con rigor algunos de los horizontes planteados por el maestro y respetan la debida modernidad conceptual. la compilaci n estuvo a cargo de Fernando Salmer n, Alejandro Rossi, Luis Villoro y Ram n Xirau.

No todas las imágenes se ven. Algunas pasan tiempo escondidas, aunque acechen. Otras se camuflan o se exponen desafiantes. A veces son visibles pero apenas se perciben. Al ser producto de miradas furtivas, casi siempre son precarias y desatienden cualquier exigencia de nitidez o encuadre. Se muestran en secreto y en instantes de peligro. Es entonces cuando mutan al impactar con los cuerpos que las sienten, a los que desbordan y con-mueven. Circulan en el tiempo y transmiten saberes y memorias (...) que, al desplegarse, modifican paradigmas y verdades hegemónicas. Infringen las leyes, siendo el reverso de censuras, amenazando, como imágenes siniestras, a la belleza y al orden social. Las imágenes que conforman los imaginarios clandestinos lo revuelven todo y son salvajes, indisciplinadas, polinizantes. Sin desvelarlas del todo, este libro propone un acercamiento a algunas de sus manifestaciones a través de nueve tramas entre distintos contextos y temporalidades. Desde una imagen de un anciano durante la Guerra Civil española hasta un antiguo centro de detención en Buenos Aires en el que hoy se practica tango militante; desde los vaivenes tras la muerte de Franco, que abrieron el tiempo del que salieron los huesos del pasado, hasta las decenas de miles de negativos de la revuelta uruguaya sepultados durante décadas en unas latas oxidadas; desde las imágenes en 16 mm tras la matanza del 3 de marzo de 1976 en Vitoria hasta las casas okupas en la Holanda de los 80, donde el celuloide salvó el tiempo y las distancias con las colectividades libertarias del valle del Cinca, en Aragón, pasando por una proyección de cine clandestino durante un invierno en una parroquia de Gijón. Imágenes que no. Aplastadas por la historia pero indelebles, y que son marcos que reactivan la mirada, que afectivizan nuestros sentidos en un mundo anestesiado, enfatizando la capacidad crítica y ética que tiene el ver más allá de lo visible. (shrink)

Resumen A partir de la evidencia del fenómeno migratorio en Chile, se examina la situación de los estudiantes inmigrantes extranjeros, tomando como referencia la normativa del sistema escolar y la perspectiva del dilema redistribución o reconocimiento. En particular, el texto pretende mostrar las consecuencias de la comprensión generada por dicho dilema en relación con la dialéctica igualdad/diversidad, para explicar los efectos del discurso inclusivo sobre la situación de los estudiantes inmigrantes, considerados como paradigma de grupo minoritario. Con este propósito, se (...) distingue y analiza un particular corpus legislativo que se extiende entre los años 2009-2015, el cual se caracteriza por introducir masivamente la idea de una política educativa inclusiva como ideario a perseguir por el sistema escolar.Based on the evidence of the migration phenomenon in Chile, the situation of foreign immigrant students is examined, taking as a reference the regulations of the school system and the perspective the redistribution or recognition dilemma. In particular, the text aims to show the consequences of the understanding generated by this dilemma in relation to the equality/diversity dialectic, to explain the effects of inclusive discourse on the situation of immigrant students, considered as a minority group paradigm. With this purpose, a particular legislative corpus that extends between the years 2009-2015 is distinguished and analyzed, which is characterized by massively introducing the idea of an inclusive educational policy as ideology to be pursued by the school system. (shrink)

As narrative conceptions of selfhood have gained more acceptance within various disciplines including philosophy, psychology, and the cognitive sciences, so too have these conceptions been critically appraised. Chief among those who are suspicious of the overall viability of ‘narrative identity’ is the philosopher, Galen Strawson. In this paper, I develop five arguments underlying Strawson’s critique of narrative identity, and respond to each argument from the perspective of the hermeneutic phenomenology of Paul Ricœur. Though intuitive, I demonstrate that none of Strawson’s (...) arguments are cogent. The confrontation between these two figures highlights a deep conceptual disagreement about our epistemic access to the self, which has thus far gone unrecognized in the Anglo-American discussion, so that it raises a new problem for the metaphysics of personal identity. (shrink)

In the city of Elche, every year, on the 14th and 15th of August, a sacred musical play about the death, the Assumption and the Coronation of the Virgin Mary is held. This event, known as the “Misterio de Elche”, is unique in the world. Since the middle of the 15th century it has been performed in the Basilica of Santa Maria and in the streets of the ancient city of Elche, located in the Valencian Community. In this work, classified (...) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the interior of the temple is transformed into 2 main stages, the scaffold, located in the lower part, and the aerial stage, located in the dome at a height of 27 m. The structure and the traction mechanisms located on the aerial stage allow the aerial devices that take part in the play, “El Araceli”, “La Mangrana” and “La Santísima Trinidad”, to be raised and lowered. It should be noted that between 2 and 5 singing actors are embarked on these devices. This article describes the main characteristics of the aerial stage structure, the 3 apparatus and the mechanical systems used. In addition, the age and modifications of “El Araceli” are analysed, as well as the results of a non-destructive test carried out on this device. (shrink)

In this essay I revise, based on the notion of the ‘enlightened ruler’ or mingzhu and his critique of the literati of his time, the common belief that Han Fei was an amoralist and an advocate of tyranny. Instead, I will argue that his writings are dedicated to advising those who ought to rule in order to achieve the goal of a peaceful and stable society framed by laws in accordance with the dao.

Epistemic Utility Theory is often identified with the project of *axiology-first epistemology*—the project of vindicating norms of epistemic rationality purely in terms of epistemic value. One of the central goals of axiology-first epistemology is to provide a justification of the central norm of Bayesian epistemology, Probabilism. The first part of this paper presents a new challenge to axiology first epistemology: I argue that in order to justify Probabilism in purely axiological terms, proponents of axiology first epistemology need to justify a (...) claim about epistemic value—what I label ‘Downwards Propriety’—much stronger than any they have offered justification. The second part of this paper offers an argument that this challenge cannot be met: that there is no hope for providing a purely axiological justification of Downwards Propriety, at least given widely accepted assumptions about epistemic value. (shrink)

The literary genesis of Einbahnstraße by Walter Benjamin represents a very special case of the use of the procedures of surrealism in the philosophical-literary production of the author. The process of evolution of thinking that ended up in the writing of this piece is unveiled throughout the present analysis. This is a sign of both waiver and restart; the opening for a new productive dimension in the career of one of the most important —and misunderstood— philosophers of the 20th century. (...) More than enlightening a small master piece of philosophy from a literary perspective, or analyzing a small master piece of literature from the philosophy, what is being problematized here is the division, cultivated or figured throughout the years, between both disciplines. This work is intended to recover what is insoluble from the philosophical-literary labor of Walter Benjamin, besides tracing a possible reconfiguration for an interdisciplinary field of work to come up and contribute in the understanding of the problem called The Retreat of Metaphor by Jacques Derrida. (shrink)

Tras situar la obra de Korn en la crisis del Centenario argentino, se presenta su propuesta de construcción de una filosofía argentina que pueda forjar ciertos valores que, más allá de la economía, puedan regir el desarrollo nacional. En ese marco, intentamos mostrar cómo Korn apoya discursiva e institucionalmente los proyectos de Reforma Universitaria, pues ve en ella la posibilidad de construir una nueva Universidad capaz de trascender la lógica positivista. En particular, con la Facultad de Humanidades, por su capacidad (...) de instalar una mirada crítica irreductible a la lógica instrumental. (shrink)

Patagonia: Land of Giants captures the wonders of the Patagonian landscape in hundreds of stunning color photographs by famed Argentine nature photographer Daniel Rivademar.

I argue that Husserl’s concept of position-taking, Stellungnahme, is adequate to understand the idea of second nature as an issue of philosophical anthropology. I claim that the methodological focus must be the living subject that acts and lives among others, and that the notion of second nature must respond to precisely this fundamental active character of subjectivity. The appropriate concept should satisfy two additional desiderata. First, it should be able to develop alongside the biological, psychological, and social individual development. Second, (...) it should be able to underlie the vast diversity of human beings within and across communities. As possible candidates, I contrast position-taking with two types of habit-like concepts: instinct and habitus, on the one hand, and customary habits, on the other. I argue that position-taking represents the active aspect of the subject while the habit-like concepts are passive. A subject’s position-takings and ensuing comportments are tied together by motivations, which evince a certain consistency, and for this reason are expression of the subject’s identity. I conclude by nuancing the relation between Stellungnahme and passivity. Passivity is deemed necessary to action but subservient to it; position-taking is thought to be prior to passivity. (shrink)

In 2002, Belgium was the second country in the world to legalize euthanasia following the Netherlands. Since then, a few studies dealing with Belgium euthanasia practices have been published that are based on a survey given to a sample of physicians and nurses . All these studies from the past decade have implicitly proposed the practice of euthanasia as a medical act. Moreover, the last article published in this journal argued that the Belgian experiment concerning medical end-of-life decisions is unique (...) in the world and that the Belgian palliative care system, including euthanasia, should serve as a role-model for the rest of the world .The Belgium law provides a definition for euthanasia which lacks the analytical precision to apply it to medical studies . When analyzing the latest data provided by the Belgian Federal Euthanasia Comm .. (shrink)

This paper deals with the question of whether uncertainty regarding model structure, especially in climate modeling, exhibits a kind of “chaos.” Do small changes in model structure, in other words, lead to large variations in ensemble predictions? More specifically, does model error destroy forecast skill faster than the ordinary or “classical” chaos inherent in the real-world attractor? In some cases, the answer to this question seems to be “yes.” But how common is this state of affairs? Are there precise mathematical (...) results that can help us answer this question? And is dependence on model structure “sensitive” in that arbitrarily small errors can destroy forecast skill? We examine some efforts in the literature to answer this last question in the affirmative and find them to be unconvincing. (shrink)

Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es describir y analizar cómo se han ido transformando históricamente los conceptos de comunidad y sujeto desde sus orígenes hasta la actualidad en el pentecostalismo. A partir del análisis de la literatura más significativa en Chile sobre de este movimiento socioreligioso, mostraremos cómo tanto la literatura especializada como el movimiento pentecostal mismo han pasado desde una concepción fundacionalista de la comunidad y los sujetos pentecostales, a una concepción postfundacionalista de los mismos. Metodológicamente hemos revisado (...) y analizados todos los artículos y libros de sociología y antropología del pentecostalismo publicado desde 1967 hasta la actualidad. Nos hemos encontrado una crisis y desencanto religioso en el movimiento pentecostal, y un debilitamiento de la fuerza aglutinante de las nociones fundacionalistas del pentecostalismo. El movimiento pentecostal se encuentra en un momento postfundacionalista, que hemos denominado provisoriamente postpentecostalismo.: The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse how the concepts of community and people have historically evolved from their origins up to these days in Pentecostalism. Considering an analysis of the most relevant literature in Chile on this religious movement, we will show how the specialized literature and the movement itself have shifted from foundationalist notions of community and subject, towards post-foundationalist notions of these concepts. Methodologically we have reviewed and analysed all the articles and books of sociology and anthropology of Pentecostalism published from 1967 to the present. We have encountered a crisis and religious disenchantment in the Pentecostal movement, and a weakening of the agglutinating force of the foundational notions of Pentecostalism. The Pentecostal movement is at a postfoundationalist moment, which we have tentatively called postpentecostalism. (shrink)

The Nacional Socialist totalitarian project unleashed an unprecedented savagery in Europe, giving raise to the largest war to have taken place in our history and to a never before seen systematic genocide. In opposition to those who consider this way of savagery as something purely irrational, the truth is that Nazism’s savagery was product of a “rational” project which would have its roots in the period of the Enlightenment. The cruel and inhuman murder of millions of people was the result (...) of a perfectly planned, systematic, and rational act, supported in a bureaucracy which made easier the creation of a series of psychological barriers by perpetrators and whose traces were intended to be erased from history. From this point of view, National Socialism showed that Reason by itself does not save the world from savagery. (shrink)

Este trabajo se centra, dentro del marco de la práctica jurídica, en la actividad judicial en la frontera oriental granadina en los últimos años del reino nazarí. La fuente documental es el pleito que Lorca y Vera sostuvieron por la delimitación de sus términos a lo largo del siglo XVI. La información viva y real aportada por los testigos, en su mayoría cristianos nuevos y de avanzada edad, viene a arrojar luz sobre la delimitación de competencias, actuaciones y jurisdicciones no (...) sólo del cadí, sino también del alcaide, otro importante representante de la justicia, en un espacio concreto de al-Andalus y en un tiempo concreto de su historia. (shrink)

Proponents of enactivism should be interested in exploring what notion of action best captures the type of action-perception link that the view proposes, such that it covers all the aspects in which our doings constitute and are constituted by our perceiving. This article proposes and defends the thesis that the notion of sensorimotor dependencies is insufficient to account for the reality of human perception, and that the central enactive notion should be that of perceptual practices. Sensorimotor enactivism is insufficient because (...) it has no traction on socially dependent perceptions, which are essential to the role and significance of perception in our lives. Since the social dimension is a central desideratum in a theory of human perception, enactivism needs a notion that accounts for such an aspect. This article sketches the main features of the Wittgenstein-inspired notion of perceptual practices as the central notion to understand perception. Perception, I claim, is properly understood as woven into a type of social practices that includes food, dance, dress, music, etc. More specifically, perceptual practices are the enactment of culturally structured, normatively rich techniques of commerce of meaningful multi- and inter-modal perceptible material. I argue that perceptual practices explain three central features of socially dependent perception: attentional focus, aspects’ saliency, and modal-specific harmony-like relations. (shrink)

Este artículo se propone analizar las “trampas” de la comunidad en la perspectiva de Bourdieu. Para ello, primero, se señala el legado de Tönnies para la sociología respecto del vínculo entre la comunidad y las relaciones desinteresadas (pasadas, escasas en el presente y emancipatorias futuras). Segundo, se rastrean las profundas críticas de Bourdieu a tal legado, desde su estudio del “interés por el desinterés” enmarcado en sus reflexiones sobre la dominación social y sus eufemismos. Esto se observa en su interpretación (...) tanto de las sociedades no modernas como del desinterés moderno del Estado, con pretensiones de universalidad (por ejemplo, en la lengua unificada y la educación), y de los campos autonomizados y desinteresados de bienes simbólicos, entre los cuales se incluye a la sociología. Por último, las “trampas” que la comunidad encierra emergen en las últimas obras de Bourdieu. Allí, él propugna una intervención política explícita en la cual aparecen tópicos comunitarios y del desinterés, por ejemplo en su llamado a la colaboración entre militantes e intelectuales. Entonces, se vuelve patente una tensión en el autor entre una sociología crítica y reflexiva y la emancipación social. Así, este artículo pretende contribuir a una teoría sobre la comunidad y la dominación social, que tiene implicancias sugerentes para la actualidad. (shrink)

This book provides both an introduction to the philosophy of scientific modeling and a contribution to the discussion and clarification of two recent philosophical conceptions of models: artifactualism and fictionalism. These can be viewed as different stances concerning the standard representationalist account of scientific models. By better understanding these two alternative views, readers will gain a deeper insight into what a model is as well as how models function in different sciences. Fictionalism has been a traditional epistemological stance related to (...) antirealist construals of laws and theories, such as instrumentalism and inferentialism. By contrast, the more recent fictional view of models holds that scientific models must be conceived of as the same kind of entities as literary characters and places. This approach is essentially an answer to the ontological question concerning the nature of models, which in principle is not incompatible with a representationalist account of the function of models. The artifactual view of models is an approach according to which scientific models are epistemic artifacts, whose main function is not to represent the phenomena but rather to provide epistemic access to them. It can be conceived of as a non-representationalist and pragmatic account of modeling, which does not intend to focus on the ontology of models but rather on the ways they are built and used for different purposes. The different essays address questions such as the artifactual view of idealization, the use of information theory to elucidate the concepts of abstraction and idealization, the deidealization of models, the nature of scientific fictions, the structural account of representation and the ontological status of structures, the role of surrogative reasoning with models, and the use of models for explaining and predicting physical phenomena. (shrink)

In the beginning of Star Trek Into Darkness, Mr. Spock descends into the heart of a raging volcano on the planet Nibiru. His mission: to detonate a cold fusion device that will solidify the bubbling magma before it erupts and destroys an entire civilization. Meanwhile, Captain James T. Kirk is on the bridge of the Enterprise facing a dilemma. He's duty‐bound never to violate the Prime Directive. One way to address the problem of the Prime Directive is to follow the (...) criteria used by Vulcans: reason and logic. This approach has been highly revered in the history of moral philosophy, and was most convincingly articulated by Immanuel Kant. Confucius and Aristotle would agree that while the Prime Directive is usually correct, there will be cases where it's wrong not to break it. The Prime Directive symbolizes just how difficult making good moral decisions can be. (shrink)

This article focuses on the role played by the critique of political economy and Marxian philosophy in the redefinition of Gramsci’s political philosophy during his intellectual moment known as the “return to Marx’’. On the one hand, we show the theoretical importance of the concept of mercato determinato in the formation of notions such as “civil society” and “relations of forces”. On the other hand, the Italian philosopher’s prison revisitation of some of Marx’s works are evaluated; as well as its (...) effects on the revision of certain topics such as the relationship between structure-superstructure or the theory of hegemony. Through an original interpretation of the critique of political economy; and also re-examining the theoretical principles of “historical materialism” in a “philosophy of praxis”, the final aim is to present an interpretation of Gramscian social ontology able to provide a theory on the genesis, reproduction and crisis of a given social formation. (shrink)

El presente artículo evalúa la legislación argentina sobre servicios de comunicación audiovisual a partir de la teoría política republicana. El abordaje se centró en dos normas de nivel federal: la Ley de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual (Ley 26.522) y el Decreto 267/2015. Este trabajo se enmarca en la filosofía práctica de orientación analítica y los métodos utilizados son el equilibrio reflexivo y el análisis conceptual. De esta manera, se hizo una breve reconstrucción del concepto de libertad republicana para, a partir (...) de allí, establecer qué barreras institucionales establece esta tradición y qué marcadores indican el funcionamiento de estas barreras. Luego, se usaron estos marcadores para medir el cumplimiento de las exigencias de esta teoría por parte de la legislación argentina en materia audiovisual. Tras un abordaje de estas instituciones, se concluyó que las normas sancionadas por el gobierno nacional de Cambiemos implicaron un retroceso en términos republicanos. (shrink)

This article aims to illustrate the development of physiognomy following one of its central themes: moral characterisation. This work deals with the origins of the discipline until the proliferation of works that, during the 16th and 17th centuries, approached the so-called «passions of the soul» from such seemingly disparate points of view as philosophy, optics, comparative anatomy, astrology and medicine. To conclude, two opposite perspectives on the treatment of emotions or «passions of the soul» are discussed: one by René Descartes (...) and another by philosopher-physician Marin Cureau de La Chambre. (shrink)

This article aims to illustrate the development of physiognomy following one of its central themes: moral characterisation. This work deals with the origins of the discipline until the proliferation of works that, during the 16th and 17th centuries, approached the so-called «passions of the soul» from such seemingly disparate points of view as philosophy, optics, comparative anatomy, astrology and medicine. To conclude, two opposite perspectives on the treatment of emotions or «passions of the soul» are discussed: one by René Descartes (...) and another by philosopher-physician Marin Cureau de La Chambre. (shrink)

Despite impressive technological developments, there is something that does not seem to have changed in the future of the Alien saga: capitalist society. The capitalist mode of production was largely triggered by an important event in the history of humanity: the Industrial Revolution. In the Alien films the worst tendencies of capitalism seem to drive the Weyland‐Yutani Corporation's decisions, confirming Karl Marx's fears that people would not be at the center of the process of capitalist production. It is clear the (...) Weyland‐Yutani Corporation has taken its goal of acquisition of profit at all costs very seriously, as demonstrated by Special Order 937. Alienation is one of Marx's key ideas. This chapter mainly focuses on alienation as it is described in a series of notebooks written in 1857‐1858, also known as the Grundrisse. Marx concludes, based on insights from ancient Greek and Hellenistic philosophers, that the good life should be one of active self‐realization and autonomy. (shrink)

Argumentation represents a way of reasoning over a knowledge base containing possibly incomplete and/or inconsistent information, to obtain useful conclusions. As a reasoning mechanism, the way an argumentation reasoning engine reaches these conclusions resembles the cognitive process that humans follow to analyze their beliefs; thus, unlike other computationally reasoning systems, argumentation offers an intellectually friendly alternative to other defeasible reasoning systems. LogicProgrammingisacomputationalparadigmthathasproducedcompu- tationallyattractivesystemswithremarkablesuccessinmanyapplications. Merging ideas from both areas, Defeasible Logic Programming offers a computational reasoning system that uses an argumentation engine (...) to obtain answers from a knowledge base represented using a logic programming language extended with defeasible rules. This combination of ideas brings about a computationally effective system together with a human-like reasoning model facilitating its use in applications. (shrink)

The thought of Pierre Klossowski, praised by Foucault, Blanchot, Deleuze, has been scarcely addressed by the philosophical community. We argue in this article that this is largely due to the frequent difficulty of understanding his work as a whole: both his artistic and literary production and his interpretations of Nietzsche or Sade form a coherent whole, whose significance has a deeply critical political scope. The notion of unproductive spending, which occupies a central place in Bataille's work, will be rearticulated in (...) Klossowski's reflections through the concepts of drive, phantasm, simulacrum, value and consumption. In The Living Currency, the political dimension of these terms appears clearly: relying on a rereading of Fourier and Sade, the author shows the extreme degree of deformation of what we assume as a reality in modern industrial society. In this sense, his thinking takes on special relevance today, as a revelation of the excess and unhingedness of a society in which production and consumption are reproduced without limit through the infinite reflections produced by the game between drives, ghosts and simulacra. (shrink)

Desde su juventud, Hitler experimentó el anhelo interno de convertirse en un renombrado artista, tanto en su Austria natal como en la Alemania a la que sentía pertenecer. Si bien la Escuela de Bellas Artes de Viena frustró, por dos veces, su sueño en el terreno de las artes plásticas, la política le brindó la oportunidad de hacerlo realidad; y, una vez convertido en Führer de todos los alemanes, se concibió a sí mismo como el gran artista que debía regenerar (...) y dar forma a una nueva Alemania. A través de este ensayo, trataré de presentar los principales trazos de la estética con que el nacionalsocialismo recubrió al iii Reich. Una estética que fue más allá del plano artístico, configurando toda una sociedad, un modelo político y una forma de pensamiento, a partir de su pretensión de dominio, su afán de eternidad y su deseo de hacer de la comunidad alemana una auténtica obra de arte. (shrink)