Se realiza en este artículo un viraje desde el Lacan de sus comienzos psiquiátricos, en 1927, hasta el Lacan de función y campo del lenguaje, donde se considera que comienza su enseñanza en 1953. Es uno de los períodos de Lacan importantes pero quizás menos conocido. Primeramente hablamos de sus andanzas en la psiquiatría, donde tendrá como principal maestro a Gaëtan de Clérembault a quien reconocerá como el único maestro, aunque presentará también la influencia de Jaspers y,poco todavía, de Freud. (...) A partir de 1936, con su escrito «Más allá del principio de realidad» comienza el período imaginario de Lacan donde va a incorporar la fenomenología y el psicoanálisis freudiano cada vez con más solidez e importancia. Finalmente, Lacan comienza no solo a incorporar a Freud, sino la concepción sobre el lenguaje de Heidegger, aunque todavía no como siginificante. Será en 1953, con «Función y campo de la palabra» donde comienza su gran entrada en lo simbólico, abandonando su fase imaginaria, dando entrada a su noción de significante y rompiendo finalmente con la fenomenología y con Jaspers, e integrando completamente a Freud, con el llamado retorno al fundador del psicoanálisis. (shrink)

dai 1-kan. Yōmeigaku nyūmon -- dai 2-3-kan. Ō Yōmei -- dai 4-kan. Riku Shōzan -- dai 5-7-kan. Yōmeimon -- dai 8-10-kan. Nihon no Yōmeigaku -- dai 11-kan. Bakumatsu Ishin Yōmei gakusha shokanshū -- dai 12-kan. Yōmeigaku benran -- [13] bekkan. Denshūroku shochū shūsei.

Les énoncés spécificationnels à nom sous-spécifié du français peuvent se réaliser sous une forme non prototypique qui réalise deux fois le verbe être : le problème est c’est que… Les données indiquent que ces constructions sont peu fréquentes ; elles semblent toutefois suffisamment bien attestées - notamment avec certains lexèmes tels que preuve, fait, problème - pour qu’on puisse y voir une structure grammaticale et non la simple manifestation d’« accidents » de performance. Au plan grammatical, nous avons proposé de (...) les analyser comme des structures qui superposent deux emplois distincts du verbe être : d’abord, un emploi copulatif dans lequel la forme verbale a la particularité de pouvoir varier en temps ; en second lieu, la forme c’est, à laquelle nous accordons la valeur d’un auxiliaire de dispositif, comme on en trouverait dans les énoncés clivés ou pseudo-clivés. (shrink)

「デモクラシーこそは歴史の未来である」。誕生間もないアメリカ社会にトクヴィルが見いだしたのは、合衆国という特殊性を超えた、歴史の「必然」としての平等化だった。「平等化」をキーワードに、その思想の今日的 意義を甦らせる。.

The role of figurative languages such as metaphor and metonymy in creativity has been studied in cognitive linguistics. These methods can also be applied to analyze non-linguistic data such as pictures and gestures. In this paper we analyze fashion design by focusing on visual metaphor and metonymy. The nature of creativity in fashion design is not fully studied from a cognitive perspective compared to other related fields such as art. We especially focus on the aspect of fashion design as a (...) communication tool between the designer and the audience to convey designer’s image of human. Photos from two fashion shows are analyzed. We carried out an experiment to compare how human images in two shows are interpreted by those who are familiar with fashion and those who are not. We got three results: (1) As far as figurative (metaphorical and metonymic) interpretations of human image are concerned, two groups with different familiarity to fashion have significantly different patterns of responses to two shows. (2) For non-figurative interpretations (such as physical or personal attributes), no significant difference in the pattern of response to the show was observed between two groups. The participants as a whole, however, responded to the two shows differently. (3) In addition for non-figurative interpretation, fashion experts found significantly more attributes in human images than the others. The results show that the analysis of figurative interpreations is effective in seeing how the familiarity to fashion affects the mode of seeing fashion shows. (shrink)

John Henry Newman’s educational ideas, which first became known in Japan before the Pacific War, continue to attract followers, especially as a result of the foundation of the Newman Society of Japan in 1983. However, this interest in Newman has had mixed results: on the one hand, some Japanese secular scholars who have tried to adopt Newman’s educational ideas to Japanese higher education do not seem interested in Catholicism. On the other hand, some post-war educational ideas of Japanese Catholics seem (...) incompatible with Newman’s spirituality and thought. (shrink)

Some people ask how can you possibly translate Deleuze into Japanese. This is an interesting question that I’d never asked myself previously. According to W. Benjamin, a work’s essence only emerges through translation. Yet, when translating Deleuze and other authors into another language, whatever this may be, it’s also important to translate the text’s voice, along with all the underlying voices it bears within it. As the very flesh of thought, it’s the voice that we want to translate, and in (...) seeking to do so we experiment with the impossible. Whatever may come of this, through experimenting with the impossible many things happen. (shrink)

For Gilles Deleuze's two essays ‘Causes and Reasons of Desert Islands’ and ‘Michel Tournier and the World Without Others’, the crucial question is what the perception is, what its fundamental conditions are. A desert island can be a place to experiment on this question. The types of perception are described in many critical works about the history of art and aesthetical reflections by artists. So I will try to retrace some types of perception especially linked to the ‘haptic’, the importance (...) of which was rediscovered by Deleuze. The ‘haptic’ proposes a type of perception not linked to space, but to time in its aspects of genesis. And something incorporeal has to intervene in a very original stage of perception and of perception of time. Thus we will be able to capture some links between the fundamental aspects of perception and time in its ‘out of joint’ aspects. (shrink)

Using the dual-route reading model as a framework, this study investigated the following research questions on Hangul reading: Which orthographic units influence the reading performance of Korean-speaking children? In addition, do the influential units change as the children grow up? To answer these questions, we tested the effects of age, frequency, lexicality, and two types of length—the numbers of letters and syllable blocks —and the interactions of these factors in the reading performance of Korean-speaking preschool and primary school children from (...) first to third grade. Regarding reading latencies, there was a significant three-way interaction of age × lexicality × length regardless of the type of length. This interaction indicated that, for words only, the interaction between age and length was significant. Accordingly, the length effect decreased as children’s age increased. When reading latencies for words were analyzed with a mixed-effect model consisting of three factors—age, frequency, and length—neither a main effect of syllable block length nor an interaction of syllable block length with age was significant. In contrast, the interaction of age × letter length in word reading latencies remained significant. The length effect was smaller as children’s age increased. In addition, the frequency effect was significant and interacted significantly with age. The frequency effect increased as children’s age increased. In conclusion, significant frequency effects indicate that Korean-speaking children use the lexical process in addition to the non-lexical process when reading Hangul words. Importantly, as children grow up, a larger orthographic unit, that is, words, is more strongly related to reading performance, whereas the influence of the smaller orthographic unit, that is, letters, decreases. (shrink)

Although various scholars underscore the importance of innovating responsibly in view of today's societal challenges, less attention has been paid to the entrepreneurial skillset, that is, the range of individual skills and organizational capabilities, that innovation-based organizations mobilize to deliver new responsible products and services. This paper thus explores the relationships between the entrepreneurial skillsets of 16 Canadian and Brazilian for-profit and not-for-profit organizations producing Responsible Innovations in Health (RIH) and their degree of responsibility. Our mixed methods study includes interviews (...) with entrepreneurs (n = 23) and fieldnotes as well as quantitative results from the RIH Assessment Tool. Our findings identify four skillset orientations—Technical, Technical + Business, Social, and Social + Business—that not only reflect (co)founders' training and entrepreneurial motivations but also a proclivity toward the consolidation of either “Technical” or “Social” skills and capabilities. Such consolidation is made possible by recruiting high-level executives with diverse backgrounds or by tapping on external knowledge sources (e.g., boards of directors, incubators, or volunteers). As five enterprises had no formal business skills, patterns associated to their overall RIH score (ranging from 1 to 5) reveal intriguing results. Organizations with a Social + Business skillset have a slightly lower RIH score (4.1) than those with a Social skillet (4.4) and those with a Technical + Business skillset have a slightly higher score (3.5) than those with a Technical skillset (3.0). The presence of business skills thus appears to mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial skillsets and the degree of responsibility, which may be linked to the distinct roles of ordinary (“doing things right”) and dynamic capabilities (“doing the right things”). These exploratory findings have scholarly and practical implications. First, the tensions and synergies characterizing responsible value creation should be approached by examining the complementary skills and capabilities that need to be assembled and consolidated. Second, the eight cases with a Social + Business skillset clarify the unique capabilities needed to produce highly responsible health innovations. Third, entrepreneurs with a scientific or engineering background should recognize that a Technical skillset is not enough. Fourth, recognizing that “falling in love with the cause” of RIH is not sufficient, investors and boards of directors should adequately support responsible entrepreneurs towards the proper orchestration of skills and capabilities that can reconcile economic and social goals. (shrink)

In recent decades there has been increasing demand for and considerable efforts to conduct cross-disciplinary research. However, assessment of research quality in such endeavours still is often based on mono-disciplinary criteria and not seldom carried out by reviewers without strong cross-disciplinary experience. The authors suggest a two-pronged approach to cross-disciplinary research evaluation. One part should comprise an individual review of all the disciplines involved based on their mono-disciplinary sets of criteria. The other part should be a separate evaluation of the (...) cross-disciplinary aspects based on the review of “problem formulation”, “integration and scope of the disciplines”, “parts and the whole”, “practical managerial aspects” and “the applied aspects”. The pros and cons of implementing this approach in a stepwise manner or simultaneously is discussed. It is suggested that funding agencies develop more fair sets of review procedures for cross-disciplinary research and show willingness to allocate extra funds and time to such forms of research that sometimes are regarded as relatively more “risky” than conventional mono-disciplinary types. (shrink)

The studies on the cAMP‐requiring mutants and their suppressors in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, revealed that cAMP‐dependent protein phosphorylation is involved in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, in conjugation, and in the post‐meiotic stage of sporulation, and that inhibition of cAMP‐dependent protein phosphorylation is required to induce meiotic division.

Some individuals with developmental dyslexia show dissociation in reading skills between languages. The occurrence of dissociation depends on differences in the orthographic characteristics and cognitive demands of languages. This article reports on a Korean–Japanese bilingual and biliterate boy, SJ, with developmental dyslexia, who displayed dissociation between Korean and Japanese in reading and writing accuracy. This study aimed to discuss possible accounts for the profile of his literacy skills from orthographic and cognitive perspectives. To accomplish this aim, we measured SJ’s literacy (...) skills, receptive vocabulary, and cognitive abilities in both Korean and Japanese. Then, we compared his skills to those of monolingual and bilingual children. In terms of accuracy, his reading skills in Korean did not differ significantly from those of bilinguals, although they were lower than Korean monolinguals. His spelling skills were within the average range for Korean monolinguals and bilinguals. In contrast, his reading and writing accuracy levels in Japanese were low compared to both Japanese monolinguals and bilinguals. Moreover, his reading and writing deficits were more remarkable in Japanese kanji. However, his cognitive profile was similar between languages. Specifically, he showed deficits in phonological skills and naming speed in both languages, as well as deficits in visual skills. These results were explained by the facts that visual skills are one of the significant predictors of reading and writing accuracy in Japanese but not in Korean, and that visual skills are a key in learning kanji. Thus, our case, SJ, supports the cognitive account, namely, the idea that different cognitive demands on the development of literacy skills can cause dissociation in literacy skills in bilingual children. (shrink)

In recent decades there has been increasing demand for and considerable efforts to conduct cross-disciplinary research. However, assessment of research quality in such endeavours still is often based on mono-disciplinary criteria and not seldom carried out by reviewers without strong cross-disciplinary experience. The authors suggest a two-pronged approach to cross-disciplinary research evaluation. One part should comprise an individual review of all the disciplines involved based on their mono-disciplinary sets of criteria. The other part should be a separate evaluation of the (...) cross-disciplinary aspects based on the review of “problem formulation”, “integration and scope of the disciplines”, “parts and the whole”, “practical managerial aspects” and “the applied aspects”. The pros and cons of implementing this approach in a stepwise manner or simultaneously is discussed. It is suggested that funding agencies develop more fair sets of review procedures for cross-disciplinary research and show willingness to allocate extra funds and time to such forms of research that sometimes are regarded as relatively more “risky” than conventional mono-disciplinary types. (shrink)

希望学は終わらない。凄惨で過酷な現実は、希望の母でもある。過去や現在の悲惨な事実に正面から向き合うことなく、未来の希望を語ることはできない。それは、全4巻を通じた希望学全体のメッセージである。.

The objective of this article is to consider whether the Commentator of the Derveni Papyrus can contribute to our understanding of the double divine will to reject and accept the name of Zeus. After examining some inconsistencies that the traditional readings raise, the authoress appeals to the Derveni Papyrus in order to offer an alternative diachronic interpretation. On this reading, the unique wise one, in the first place, does not wish to be called by the name of Zeus because this (...) name ascribes birth and diversification to it, while it is, as such, eternal and simple. On the other hand, as it cyclically becomes multiple, it is also willing to be identified with Zeus, the God who, according to the Papyrus, swallowed his Grandfather’s phallus along with Mind, got pregnant of everything and re-created the universe. This account fits with Heraclitus’ doctrine that there is no creation of the world but some kind of derivation of it from the one, and vice-versa. (shrink)

Tras siglos de guerras descarnadas, los siete poderes que dividen la tierra se han diezmado unos a otros hasta alcanzar una difâicil tregua. Muy pocos reclamos legâitimos existen ya por el Trono de Hierro, y la guerra que ha convertido al mundo en poco mâas un desierto al fin ha terminado. O eso parece. No pasa mucho tiempo antes de que los sobrevivioentes, los proscritos, los renegados y los carroäneros de los Siete Reinos se reâunan. Ahora, como cuervos humanos que (...) acechan un banquete de cenizas, nuevas intrigas y peligrosas alianzas se forman, a la vez que rostros sorprendentes--algunos familiares, otros desconocidos--emergen de un siniestro crepâusculo de caos y luchas pasadas para sumir los desafâios de los terribles tiempos que se avecinan. Nobles y plebeyos, soldados y hechiceros, asesinos y sabios se unen para hacer valer su vida y sus fortunas. Porque en un festâin de cuervos, muchos son los invitados... pero sâolo unos pocos logran sobrevivir. -- Cover, p. [4]. (shrink)

Si quisiéramos agrupar en torno a preguntas algunos de los principales núcleos de la filosofía de Plotino, esas preguntas podrían ser las siguientes: “¿quiénes somos?”, “¿de dónde venimos?” y “¿hacia dónde vamos?”. A lo largo de las _Enéadas_ el Licopolitano se vale de metáforas locativas y temporales para dar cuenta de la unidad subyacente a todas las almas y de la búsqueda que el alma humana debe emprender para regresar a esa unidad. Nuestro filósofo puntualiza que la unidad no se (...) encuentra ni “fragmentada” ni “recortada” (como la de una cera que se puede dividir en varios trozos o la de un vino que se puede verter en distintas copas) sino que es indivisible (_améristos_) y también diversificada, parangonable a la de los distintos teoremas de una ciencia, los cuales dan cuenta cada uno a su manera de la totalidad de la disciplina. A su vez también realiza una diferenciación entre capacidades (_dýnamis_) del alma que remiten al cuerpo y otra que se halla separada de lo corpóreo y ejerce la contemplación (_nóesis_) de la Inteligencia. En el caso particular del ser humano ocurriría que no posee registro de la contemplación que su propia “alma superior” lleva a cabo, por lo cual necesita reponerla. Allí radica la finalidad de la filosofía, que se reviste de una dimensión teórica (la dialéctica) y de una práctica (el cultivo de las virtudes inferiores y de las superiores en la medida que vaya perfeccionándose en la dialéctica). El sabio sería entonces quien ha conseguido adecuar sus pensamientos y sus acciones a su actividad noética, ha alcanzado la felicidad y está en condiciones de experimentar la unión mística con lo Uno. Podemos entonces señalar la contemplación, la virtud y la felicidad como tres importantes motivaciones detrás del pensamiento de Plotino. (shrink)

La eterna cuestión de la justicia ocupa un lugar central en la cosmovisión que Dante expresa alegórica e icónicamente en la Divina Comedia. La encontramos como atributo de Dios que da a cada uno según sus méritos, pero cuyo Amor le mueve a conmiserarse de los hombres, pues la justicia de las obras humanas no puede alcanzar a su Creador según igualdad, ni puede a restituir todo lo que de Él recibe y le es debido. La justicia también traspasa todos (...) los círculos por los que transita el peregrinar de Dante y da razones del estado de las aquellas almas que encuentra no sólo en el infierno, sino también en el purgatorio, en el limbo y en el paraíso. Un análisis global de la justicia dantiana pone a la luz la profunda huella de la tradición teológico-bíblica cristiana, de la filosofía clásica —sobre todo aristotélica—, así como la síntesis de ambas en el legado de Santo Tomás de Aquino, a quien Dante destaca entre los sabios del Paraíso —adelantándose así al que, unos años después, será el parecer de la propia Iglesia. Dante Alighieri hace suyo el magisterio filosófico-moral de Santo Tomás y ello se pone muy de manifiesto en lo que se refiere a la concepción dantiana de la justicia. (shrink)

Tales de Mileto (VII–VI a.C.), además de ser uno de los siete Sabios, es considerado el primer filósofo precisamente por haber sido el primero en intentar dar razón de la estructura y formación del universo. El punto nuclear de la tesis de Tales afirmaba que el agua es el principio o materia originaria de la que han surgido todas las realidades que componen el variopinto y complejo tejido cósmico. A esta tesis, que hoy bien pudiera parecer extravagante, le cabe el (...) mérito y el privilegio de haber sido el motor que puso en movimiento un conjunto de inquietudes, de recursos y de métodos, de base racional, encaminados a dar respuesta a cuestiones que los seres humanos venían planteándose desde la misma noche de los tiempos. En qué medida y en qué sentido Tales de Mileto es deudor de creencias, instrumentos y saberes de su entorno (las ciudades griegas de las costas turcas del Egeo), incluidos los procedentes del este (Mesopotamia) y del Sur (Egipto), en qué medida fue Tales un innovador radical, son cuestiones que serán abordadas en este artículo. (shrink)

Resumen: El pueblo shipibo-konibo, asentado principalmente a orillas del río Ucayali, es uno de los más numerosos en la Amazonía peruana. Este artículo propone, a partir de la cosmogonía de los antiguos sabios Meraya (médicos visionarios de la nación shipiba), una reflexión filosófica en torno a los posibles aportes ecológicos y éticos del perspectivismo shipibo. El texto plantea que la noción de perspectiva (tal como la entiende el antropólogo brasileño Eduardo Viveiros de Castro (2013)) tiene una equivalencia en el concepto (...) shipibo de Nete, que suele traducirse al castellano como mundo. La concepción ancestral de que existen muchos mundos relacionados entre sí, propone al ser humano una exigencia ética y ecológica en la que ninguna perspectiva-ontológica puede imponerse abusivamente sobre otras. Las presentes reflexiones filosóficas se basan en un prolongado trabajo de campo, con rigurosidad etnográfica, y en un sostenido estudio interpretativo de las narraciones orales del pueblo shipibo-konibo. Abstract: The Shipibo-Konibo indigenous nation, settled mainly on the banks of the Ucayali River, is one of the most numerous in the Peruvian Amazon. This article proposes, based on the cosmogony of the ancient Meraya sages (visionary doctors of the Shipibo nation), a philosophical reflection on the possible ecological and ethical contributions of Shipibo perspectivism. The text argues that the notion of perspective (as understood by the Brazilian anthropologist Eduardo Viveiros de Castro (2013)) has an equivalence in the Shipibo concept of Nete, which is usually translated into English as world. The ancestral conception, according to which there are many interrelated worlds, proposes an ethical and ecological requirement for human beings in which no one ethical perspective can be imposed abusively over others. The present philosophical reflections are based on extensive fieldwork, with ethnographic rigour, and on a sustained interpretative study of the oral narratives of the Shipibo-Konibo people. (shrink)

El presente trabajo de tesis se centra en el estoicismo, en la obra titulada Disertaciones que recoge las enseñanzas de Epicteto pero que fue recopilada por Arriano. Es en tal texto en el que principalmente basamos la presente tesis. Analizamos las enseñanzas de Epicteto, filósofo nacido en Hierópolis (Frigia) hacia el 55 d.C., que fue un liberto que se adentró en el estoicismo tras asistir a las clases del filósofo Musonio Rufo; gracias al permiso de su amo Epafrodito pudo asistir (...) a las pláticas de tal erudito. Los dos temas a tratar, el poder y el amor, que forman parte de la ética y de la filosofía política –estoicas-, así como de la epistemología, la física y la metafísica, por ser el sistema estoico uno que está estrecha y racionalmente interconectado, han sido abordados por investigadores recientes desde distintos ámbitos y perspectivas. El poder y el amor son conceptos que deben de ser explicados y analizados a partir de los conceptos mencionados de “sentimiento”, “inclinación”, “pasión”, “bueno”, “malo”, además de los de “virtud”, “vicio”, “indiferente”, “oikéiosis”, “deber”, “sabio”, “libertad”, etc. Por lo que ambas categorías han sido abordadas desde su vinculación con, o a partir de su explicación a través de, uno o varios de los conceptos mencionados. (shrink)

El presente trabajo de tesis se centra en el estoicismo, en la obra titulada Disertaciones que recoge las enseñanzas de Epicteto. Los dos temas a tratar, el poder y el amor, forman parte de la ética y de la filosofía política –estoicas-, así como de la epistemología, la física y la metafísica, por ser el sistema estoico uno que está estrecha y racionalmente interconectado, han sido abordados por investigadores recientes desde distintos ámbitos y perspectivas. En la disertación se argumenta que (...) el poder y el amor son conceptos que deben de ser explicados y analizados a partir de los conceptos estoicos de “sentimiento”, “inclinación”, “pasión”, “virtud”, “vicio”, “indiferente”, “oikéiosis”, “deber”, “sabio” y “libertad”. En el texto el lector encontrará las definiciones y análisis de los conceptos mencionados para comprender mejor qué serían el poder y el amor en el estoicismo antiguo, específicamente en Epicteto, así como en Zenón de Citio. (shrink)