Results for 'Giacomo Zabarella'

(not author) ( search as author name )
823 found
Order:
  1. De sensu agente (De rebus naturalibus liber XXIII). Edición de José Manuel García Valverde.Giacomo Zabarella - 2012 - Rivista di Storia Della Filosofia 2:379-408.
    No categories
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  2.  37
    Giacomo Zabarella: un aristotélico crítico en la era de la revolución científica.José Manuel García Valverde - 2017 - Anales Del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía 34 (3):587-609.
    Giacomo Zabarella es considerado uno de los aristotélicos más prestigiosos y más influyentes del siglo XVI. Su obra lógica, sus escritos sobre física y sus comentarios, publicados póstumamente, tuvieron un enorme impacto especialmente en las primeras décadas del siglo XVII, y sirvieron como verdaderos manuales con los que se formaron muchos universitarios europeos. Este artículo analiza la figura de Zabarella centrándose en su obra sobre física, el De rebus naturalibus libri XXX, editado en 1590, apenas unos días (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  3.  23
    Giacomo Zabarella.Heikki Mikkeli - 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  4.  39
    El comentario de Giacomo Zabarella a "De anima" III, 5: una interpretación mortalista de la psicología de Aristóteles.José Manuel Garcia Valverde - 2012 - Ingenium. Revista Electrónica de Pensamiento Moderno y Metodología En Historia de la Ideas 6 (6):27-56.
    An important part of Aristotelianism has revolved around the different interpretations given to the famous fifth chapter of Aristotle’s De Anima lll. The brevity with which he spoke about an intellectual agent principle described as divine and everlasting has led to a lengthy debate between those who argue that this principle is part of the individual soul and those who think that it must be placed outside the individual intellectual powers. Among the latter, the interpretation of the Renaissance Aristotelian (...) Zabarella, a great expert on classical Greek and Aristotle’s works, is still one of the most influential. (shrink)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  5.  34
    Science and authority in Giacomo Zabarella.Paolo Palmieri - 2007 - History of Science 45 (4):404-427.
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  6. Metafisica e dialettica nel Commento di Giacomo Zabarella agli Analitici posteriori.Enrico Berti - 1992 - Giornale di Metafisica 14 (2):225.
    No categories
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  7.  7
    Natura, morale e seconda natura nell'aristotelismo di Giacomo Zabarella e John Case.Elisa Cuttini - 2014 - Padova: CLEUP.
  8.  5
    La dottrina della scienza in Giacomo Zabarella.Antonino Poppi - 1972 - Padova,: Antenore.
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  9. La stuttura del sapere in Giacomo Zabarella..Antonio Poppi - 1970 - Padova,: Cleup.
  10.  22
    Renaissance La Dottrina della Scienza in Giacomo Zabarella. By Antonino Poppi. Centro per la storia della tradizione aristotelica nel Veneto, Saggi e testi, vol. 12. Padova: Editrice Antenore, 1972. Pp. 351. 5,500 lire. [REVIEW]C. B. Schmitt - 1973 - British Journal for the History of Science 6 (4):440-442.
  11.  14
    "La dottrina della scienza in Giacomo Zabarella," by Antonino Poppi. [REVIEW]Lee C. Rice - 1974 - Modern Schoolman 51 (4):375-375.
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  12. Are humans the only rational animals?Giacomo Melis & Susana Monsó - 2023 - The Philosophical Quarterly (3):844-864.
    While growing empirical evidence suggests a continuity between human and non-human psychology, many philosophers still think that only humans can act and form beliefs rationally. In this paper, we challenge this claim. We first clarify the notion of rationality. We then focus on the rationality of beliefs and argue that, in the relevant sense, humans are not the only rational animals. We do so by first distinguishing between unreflective and reflective responsiveness to epistemic reasons in belief formation and revision. We (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  13.  45
    Keep trusting! A plea for the notion of Trustworthy AI.Giacomo Zanotti, Mattia Petrolo, Daniele Chiffi & Viola Schiaffonati - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-12.
    A lot of attention has recently been devoted to the notion of Trustworthy AI (TAI). However, the very applicability of the notions of trust and trustworthiness to AI systems has been called into question. A purely epistemic account of trust can hardly ground the distinction between trustworthy and merely reliable AI, while it has been argued that insisting on the importance of the trustee’s motivations and goodwill makes the notion of TAI a categorical error. After providing an overview of the (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  14. Dated Truths Without Dated Powers.Giacomo Giannini & Donatella Donati - forthcoming - Erkenntnis:1-21.
    Dispositionalism is the theory of modality according to which all (metaphysical and natural) modal truths are made true by some actual irreducibly dispositional property. The relationship between Dispositionalism and time is yet to be satisfactorily explored. In this paper we contribute to this task by examining how Dispositionalism deals with ‘dated truths’: propositions involving a specific time, e.g. “It might rain at 12.30”. We examine two possible accounts: the first, 'Dated Manifestations Strategy', is the idea that powers are very fine-grained, (...)
    Direct download (6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  15. Mirrors in the Brain: How our minds share actions and emotions.Giacomo Rizzolatti & Corrado Sinigaglia - 2007 - Oxford University Press.
    When we witness a great actor, musician, or sportsperson performing, we share something of their experience. Only recently has it become clear just how this sharing of experience is realised within the human brain. 'Mirrors in the brain' provides an accessible overview of mirror neurons, written by the man who first discovered them.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   72 citations  
  16.  5
    The Ethics of Democracy: A Contemporary Reading of Hegel's Philosophy of Right.Giacomo Donis (ed.) - 2015 - Albany: State University of New York Press.
    _Demonstrates how the ethical underpinning of Hegel’s political and social philosophy has relevance for contemporary democratic life._.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  17.  4
    Minima temporalia: tempo, spazio, esperienza.Giacomo Marramao - 1990 - Milano: Il Saggiatore.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  18.  52
    A pluralist account of the basis of moral status.Giacomo Floris - 2020 - Philosophical Studies 178 (6):1859-1877.
    Standard liberal theories of justice rest on the assumption that only those beings that hold the capacity for moral personality have moral status and therefore are right-holders. As many pointed out, this has the disturbing implication of excluding a wide range of entities from the scope of justice. Call this the under-inclusiveness objection. This paper provides a response to the under-inclusiveness objection and illustrates its implications for liberal theories of justice. In particular, the paper defends two claims: first, it argues (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  19. Understanding undermining defeat.Giacomo Melis - 2014 - Philosophical Studies 170 (3):433-442.
    Taking the inspiration from some points made by Scott Sturgeon and Albert Casullo, I articulate a view according to which an important difference between undermining and overriding defeaters is that the former require the subject to engage in some higher-order epistemic thinking, while the latter don’t. With the help of some examples, I argue that underminers push the cognizer to reflect on the way she formed a belief by challenging the epistemic worthiness of either the source of justification or the (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   15 citations  
  20. Dispositionalism’s (grand)daddy issues: time travelling and perfect masks.Giannini Giacomo & Donatella Donati - 2022 - Analysis 83 (1):40-49.
    There is a tension between Dispositionalism––the view that all metaphysical modality is grounded in actual irreducible dispositional properties––and the possibility of time travel. This is due to the fact that Dispositionalism makes it much harder to solve a potentiality-based version of the grandfather paradox. We first present a potentiality-based version of the grandfather paradox, stating that the following theses are inconsistent: 1) time travel is possible, 2) powers fully ground modality, 3) self-defeating actions are impossible, 4) time-travellers retain their intrinsic (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  21.  9
    Per evidenza: conoscenza e segni nell'età barocca.Giacomo Jori - 1998 - Venezia: Marsilio.
  22. Common Knowledge and Convention.Giacomo Sillari - 2008 - Topoi 27 (1-2):29-39.
    This paper investigates the epistemic assumptions that David Lewis makes in his account of social conventions. In particular, I focus on the assumption that the agents have common knowledge of the convention to which they are parties. While evolutionary analyses show that the common knowledge assumption is unnecessary in certain classes of games, Lewis’ original account (and, more recently, Cubitt and Sugden’s reconstruction) stresses the importance of including it in the definition of convention. I discuss arguments pro et contra to (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   18 citations  
  23. Rule-following as coordination: a game-theoretic approach.Giacomo Sillari - 2013 - Synthese 190 (5):871-890.
    Famously, Kripke has argued that the central portion of the Philosophical Investigations describes both a skeptical paradox and its skeptical solution. Solving the paradox involves the element of the community, which determines correctness conditions for rule-following behavior. What do such conditions precisely consist of? Is it accurate to say that there is no fact to the matter of rule following? How are the correctness conditions sustained in the community? My answers to these questions revolve around the idea that a rule (...)
    Direct download (6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   17 citations  
  24.  11
    The Idea of Equality in Environmental Ethics in advance.Giacomo Floris & Costanza Porro - forthcoming - Environmental Ethics.
    In recent decades, it has often been argued by environmental ethicists that human beings and the natural world ought to be considered as equals in some basic sense. The aim of this paper is to make sense of this view by examining what role, if any, the idea of equality ought to play in environmental ethics. Specifically, we have two aims: the first aim is to identify those environmental claims that are distinctively egalitarian. The second aim is to show these (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  25. The Intertwinement of Propositional and Doxastic Justification.Giacomo Melis - 2018 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 96 (2):367-379.
    One important distinction in the debate over the nature of epistemic justification is the one between propositional and doxastic justification. Roughly, while doxastic justification is a property of beliefs, propositional justification is a property of propositions. On a rather common view, which accounts for doxastic justification in terms of propositional justification plus the so-called ‘basing relation’, propositional justification is seen as the prior notion, and doxastic justification is explained in terms of it. According to the opposing view, the direction of (...)
    Direct download (9 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  26.  21
    What Does It Mean to Be Moral Equals? in advance.Giacomo Floris & Riccardo María Spotorno - forthcoming - Social Theory and Practice.
    This paper develops a novel theory of the meaning of moral equality. This theory has two original and significant implications: first, it shows—contra what is commonly held in the literature—that adults and children are not always each other’s equals; rather, the former are sometimes inferior and sometimes superior to the latter, depending on the interest at stake. Second, it reveals that human beings’ comparative moral status changes across time, and what matters is that they are each other’s equals at simultaneous (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  27.  64
    On the Basis of Moral Equality: a Rejection of the Relation-First Approach.Giacomo Floris - 2019 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 22 (1):237-250.
    The principle of moral equality is one of the cornerstones of any liberal theory of justice. It is usually assumed that persons’ equal moral status should be grounded in the equal possession of a status-conferring property. Call this the property-first approach to the basis of moral equality. This approach, however, faces some well-known difficulties: in particular, it is difficult to see how the possession of a scalar property can account for persons’ equal moral status. A plausible way of circumventing such (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   9 citations  
  28. A Logical Framework for Convention.Giacomo Sillari - 2005 - Synthese 147 (2):379-400.
    No categories
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   20 citations  
  29.  19
    Giacomo Cives: mediazione pedagogica e educazione attiva.Giacomo Cives - 2022 - Roma: Studium edizioni. Edited by Marco Antonio D'Arcangeli, Furio Pesci & Paola Trabalzini.
  30.  14
    Symplectic Quantization II: Dynamics of Space–Time Quantum Fluctuations and the Cosmological Constant.Giacomo Gradenigo - 2021 - Foundations of Physics 51 (3):1-18.
    The symplectic quantization scheme proposed for matter scalar fields in the companion paper (Gradenigo and Livi, arXiv:2101.02125, 2021) is generalized here to the case of space–time quantum fluctuations. That is, we present a new formalism to frame the quantum gravity problem. Inspired by the stochastic quantization approach to gravity, symplectic quantization considers an explicit dependence of the metric tensor gμν\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$g_{\mu \nu }$$\end{document} on an additional time variable, named intrinsic time at variance (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  31. Fatalism and Future Contingents.Giacomo Andreoletti - 2019 - Analytic Philosophy 60 (3):1-14.
    In this paper I address issues related to the problem of future contingents and the metaphysical doctrine of fatalism. Two classical responses to the problem of future contingents are the third truth value view and the all-false view. According to the former, future contingents take a third truth value which goes beyond truth and falsity. According to the latter, they are all false. I here illustrate and discuss two ways to respectively argue for those two views. Both ways are similar (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  32.  2
    L'origine dei valori / Stratificazioni del "secolare".Giacomo Lampredi & Matteo Bortolini - forthcoming - la Società Degli Individui.
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  33. Superdeterminism: a reappraisal.Giacomo Andreoletti & Louis Vervoort - 2022 - Synthese 200 (5):1-20.
    This paper addresses a particular interpretation of quantum mechanics, i.e. superdeterminism. In short, superdeterminism i) takes the world to be fundamentally deterministic, ii) postulates hidden variables, and iii) contra Bell, saves locality at the cost of violating the principle of statistical independence. Superdeterminism currently enjoys little support in the physics and philosophy communities. Many take it to posit the ubiquitous occurrence of hard-to-digest conspiratorial and coincidental events; others object that violating the principle of statistical independence implies the death of the (...)
    Direct download (7 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  34.  83
    Deference Principles for Imprecise Credences.Giacomo Molinari - manuscript
    This essay gives an account of epistemic deference for agents with imprecise credences. I look at the two main imprecise deference principles in the literature, known as Identity Reflection and Pointwise Reflection (Moss, 2021). I show that Pointwise Reflection is strictly weaker than Identity Reflection, and argue that, if you are certain you will update by conditionalisation, you should defer to your future self according to Identity Reflection. Then I give a more general justification for Pointwise and Identity Reflection from (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  35. Williamsonian Scepticism about the A Priori.Giacomo Melis & Crispin Wright - forthcoming - In Dylan Dodd & Elia Zardini (eds.), Beyond Sense? New Essays on the Significance, Grounds, and Extent of the A Priori.
    We focus on Timothy Williamson’s recent attack on the epistemological significance of the a priori–a posteriori distinction, and offer an explanation of why, fundamentally, it does not succeed. We begin by setting out Williamson’s core argument, and some of the background to it and move to consider two lines of conciliatory response to it—conciliatory in that neither questions the central analogy on which Williamson's argument depends. We claim, setting aside a methodological challenge to which Williamson owes an answer, that no (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  36.  56
    Consciousness, Neuroscience, and Physicalism: Pessimism About Optimistic Induction.Giacomo Zanotti - 2023 - Acta Analytica 38 (2):283-297.
    Nowadays, physicalism is arguably the received view on the nature of mental states. Among the arguments that have been provided in its favour, the inductive one seems to play a pivotal role in the debate. Leveraging the past success of materialistic science, the physicalist argues that a materialistic account of consciousness will eventually be provided, hence that physicalism is true. This article aims at evaluating whether this strategy can provide support for physicalism. According to the standard objection raised against the (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  37. Quantified logic of awareness and impossible possible worlds.Giacomo Sillari - 2008 - Review of Symbolic Logic 1 (4):514-529.
    Among the many possible approaches to dealing with logical omniscience, I consider here awareness and impossible worlds structures. The former approach, pioneered by Fagin and Halpern, distinguishes between implicit and explicit knowledge, and avoids logical omniscience with respect to explicit knowledge. The latter, developed by Rantala and by Hintikka, allows for the existence of logically impossible worlds to which the agents are taken to have access; since such worlds need not behave consistently, the agents’ knowledge is fallible relative to logical (...)
    Direct download (8 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   11 citations  
  38. Branching time and doomsday.Giacomo Andreoletti - 2022 - Ratio 35 (2):79-90.
    Branching time is a popular theory of time that is intended to account for the openness of the future. Generally, branching-time models the openness of the future by positing a multiplicity of concrete alternative futures mirroring all the possible ways the future could unfold. A distinction is drawn in the literature among branching-time theories: those that make use of moment-based structures and those that employ history-based ones. In this paper, I introduce and discuss a particular kind of openness relative to (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  39.  40
    Two concerns about the rejection of social cruelty as the basis of moral equality.Giacomo Floris - 2020 - European Journal of Political Theory 19 (3):408-416.
    In his recent book, Humanity without Dignity: Moral Equality, Respect, and Human Rights, Andrea Sangiovanni argues that the principle of moral equality should be grounded in the wrongness of treating others as inferiors insofar as this constitutes an act of social cruelty. In this short piece, I will raise two concerns about the rejection of social cruelty as the basis of moral equality: first, Sangiovanni’s account seems to give rise to disturbing implications as to how those beings that have basic (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  40. Time Travel and the Immutability of the Past within B-Theoretical Models.Giacomo Andreoletti & Giuliano Torrengo - 2019 - Philosophia 47 (4):1011-1021.
    The goal of this paper is to defend the general tenet that time travelers cannot change the past within B-theoretical models of time, independently of how many temporal dimensions there are. Baron Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 98, 129–147 offered a strong argument intended to reach this general conclusion. However, his argument does not cover a peculiar case, i.e. a B-theoretical one-dimensional model of time that allows for the presence of internal times. Loss Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 96, 1–11 used the latter model (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  41. Jacobi Zabarellae de Methodis Libri Quatuor ; Liber de Regressu.Jacopo Zabarella & Cesare Vasoli - 1985 - Clueb.
    No categories
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  42. Jacobi Zabarellae Opera logica.Jacopo Zabarella - 1966 - Hildesheim,: Gg Olms. Edited by Wilhelm Risse.
    Opera logica.--De doctrinae ordine apologia.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  43.  20
    Neural circuits for spatial attention and unilateral neglect.Giacomo Rizzolatti & Rosolino Camarda - 1987 - In M. Jeannerod (ed.), Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Aspects of Spatial Neglect. Elsevier Science. pp. 45--289.
  44.  20
    Hybrid Harvesting Strategies to Overcome Resource Constraints: Evidence from Social Enterprises in Kenya.Giacomo Ciambotti & Matteo Pedrini - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 168 (3):631-650.
    Hybrid organisations combine different elements from the for-profit and non-profit domains, and they usually operate in a resource-scarce environment. For these reasons, they continuously face various resources constraints, yet their hybrid nature could be translated into an opportunity. The purpose of our study was to investigate how a hybrid organisation can overcome resource constraints in developing countries by exploiting their own hybrid nature. In the unique research setting offered by Kenyan social enterprises, we identified five creative approaches implemented by social (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  45. Towards the Inevitability of Non-Classical Probability.Giacomo Molinari - 2023 - Review of Symbolic Logic 16 (4):1053-1079.
    This paper generalises an argument for probabilism due to Lindley [9]. I extend the argument to a number of non-classical logical settings whose truth-values, seen here as ideal aims for belief, are in the set $\{0,1\}$, and where logical consequence $\models $ is given the “no-drop” characterization. First I will show that, in each of these settings, an agent’s credence can only avoid accuracy-domination if its canonical transform is a (possibly non-classical) probability function. In other words, if an agent values (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  46.  55
    Physicalism and the burden of parsimony.Giacomo Zanotti - 2021 - Synthese 199 (3-4):11109-11132.
    Parsimony considerations are ubiquitous in the literature concerning the nature of mental states. Other things being equal, physicalist views are preferred over dualist accounts on the grounds of the fact that they do not posit new fundamental properties in addition to the physical ones. This paper calls into question the widespread assumption that parsimony can provide reasons for believing that physicalism is a better candidate than dualism for solving the mind–body problem. After presenting the theoretical core of physicalism and dualism, (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  47.  3
    AI-Related Risk: An Epistemological Approach.Giacomo Zanotti, Daniele Chiffi & Viola Schiaffonati - 2024 - Philosophy and Technology 37 (2):1-18.
    Risks connected with AI systems have become a recurrent topic in public and academic debates, and the European proposal for the AI Act explicitly adopts a risk-based tiered approach that associates different levels of regulation with different levels of risk. However, a comprehensive and general framework to think about AI-related risk is still lacking. In this work, we aim to provide an epistemological analysis of such risk building upon the existing literature on disaster risk analysis and reduction. We show how (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  48.  9
    Il silenzio come fenomeno psichico in sè e nelle sue attinenze pedagogiche.Giacomo Tauro - 1911 - Atti Del IV Congresso Internazionale di Filosofia 3:527-532.
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  49. Undermining Defeat and Propositional Justification.Giacomo Melis - 2016 - Argumenta 1 (2):271-280.
    I extend the Higher-Order View of Undermining Defeat (HOVUD) defended in Melis (2014) to account for the defeat of propositional justification. In doing so, I clarify the important notion of higher-order commitment, and I make some considerations concerning the defeat of externalist epistemic warrants.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  50. The future ain’t what it used to be: Strengthening the case for mutable futurism.Giacomo Andreoletti & Giuseppe Spolaore - 2021 - Synthese 199 (3-4):10569-10585.
    This paper explores mutable futurism, the view according to which the future can literally change—that is, it can happen that a future time t changes from containing an event E to lacking it. Mutable futurism has received little attention so far, and the details and implications of the view are underexplored in the literature. For instance, it currently lacks a precise metaphysical model and a formal semantics. Although we do not endorse mutable futurism, our goal here is to strengthen the (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
1 — 50 / 823