Este artículo pretende analizar el monopolio de la verdad de los medios de comunicación tradicionales y su capacidad para influir en los votantes, cambiando los resultados electorales. El rendimiento y la importancia de los medios tradicionales y las redes sociales se estudiarán a través de un enfoque histórico y comparativo. Este trabajo también pretende comprender la transformación social en la era de la posverdad, que cambió el mercado editorial, fomentando la difusión de noticias falsas. La prioridad clave es captar el (...) verdadero impacto en el debate político y democrático de las redes sociales, los medios de comunicación tradicionales y las noticias falsas, así como su capacidad para influir en las elecciones. (shrink)

Objective: Illness perceptions are important predictors of emotional and behavioral responses in many diseases. The current study aims to investigate the COVID-19-related IP throughout Europe. The specific goals are to understand the temporal development, identify predictors and examine the impacts of IP on perceived stress and preventive behaviors.Methods: This was a time-series-cross-section study of 7,032 participants from 16 European countries using multilevel modeling from April to June 2020. IP were measured with the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Temporal patterns were observed (...) considering the date of participation and the date recoded to account the epidemiological evolution of each country. The outcomes considered were perceived stress and COVID-19 preventive behaviors.Results: There were significant trends, over time, for several IP, suggesting a small decrease in negativity in the perception of COVID-19 in the community. Age, gender, and education level related to some, but not all, IP. Considering the self-regulation model, perceptions consistently predicted general stress and were less consistently related to preventive behaviors. Country showed no effect in the predictive model, suggesting that national differences may have little relevance for IP, in this context.Conclusion: The present study provides a comprehensive picture of COVID-19 IP in Europe in an early stage of the pandemic. The results shed light on the process of IP formation with implications for health-related outcomes and their evolution. (shrink)

La constatación de un proceso de transnacionalización del grupo criminal brasileño de base penitenciaria autodenominado Primer Comando de la Capital solo puede entenderse como un efecto de las formas de operación, prácticas, actividades y configuraciones asumidas por las redes criminales en medio de los cambios estructurales asociadas con la globalización, considerando, principalmente, las dinámicas de los mercados ilícitos de cocaína y marihuana. Entender el proceso de transnacionalización del PCC implica considerar especificidades que presenta un grupo que tiene su origen en (...) las cárceles y particularidades de la dinámica criminal brasileña en cuyo centro la prisión ocupa cada vez un lugar más importante. Aunque el PCC participe y amplíe su presencia internacional, y de hecho ingresó y opera en esas redes globales, lo hace de forma aún muy volcada para su actuación en Brasil. Hay, sin embargo, elementos indicativos de que el grupo evoluciona para nuevas conformaciones en ese mercado criminal global, especialmente aquél del tráfico de drogas. (shrink)

The purpose is to retrace phenomenology's argumentative path towards temporality as the foundation of phenomenality as presentation. The next step is to construct another paradigm based on movement and the processes of differentiation involved in it. The confrontation between these two types of approach, one related to Husserl's genetic phenomenology, and the other which allows us to think of presuppositions for a phenomenology of difference and event based on Merleau-Ponty's lateral writings in the 1950s, serves to question the foundations of (...) this type of philosophy. The final aim is to show how space and time can be described from the point of view of movement. (shrink)

Human-Computer Interaction and games set a new domain in understanding people’s motivations in gaming, behavioral implications of game play, game adaptation to player preferences and needs for increased engaging experiences in the context of HCI serious games. When the latter relate with people’s health status, they can become a part of their daily life as assistive health status monitoring/enhancement systems. Co-designing HCI-SGs can be seen as a combination of art and science that involves a meticulous collaborative process. The design elements (...) in assistive HCI-SGs for Parkinson’s Disease patients, in particular, are explored in the present work. Within this context, the Game-Based Learning design framework is adopted here and its main game-design parameters are explored for the Exergames, Dietarygames, Emotional games, Handwriting games, and Voice games design, drawn from the PD-related i-PROGNOSIS Personalized Game Suite holistic approach. Two main data sources were involved in the study. In particular, the first one includes qualitative data from semi-structured interviews, involving 10 PD patients and four clinicians in the co-creation process of the game design, whereas the second one relates with data from an online questionnaire addressed by 104 participants spanning the whole related spectrum, i.e., PD patients, physicians, software/game developers. Linear regression analysis was employed to identify an adapted GBL framework with the most significant game-design parameters, which efficiently predict the transferability of the PGS beneficial effect to real-life, addressing functional PD symptoms. The findings of this work can assist HCI-SG designers for designing PD-related HCI-SGs, as the most significant game-design factors were identified, in terms of adding value to the role of HCI-SGs in increasing PD patients’ quality of life, optimizing the interaction with personalized HCI-SGs and, hence, fostering a collaborative human-computer symbiosis. (shrink)

Sobre a continuidade metodológica em Michel Foucault: da fundamentação de uma teoria do enunciado para o cuidado de si Resumo: Uma das dificuldades em se compreender a categoria de enunciado no pensamento de Michel Foucault está relacionada com múltiplas definições tautológicas dessa categoria no livro A arqueologia do saber. O primeiro objetivo deste artigo é oferecer uma descrição do enunciado e sua íntima dependência do nível referencial no pensamento arqueológico de Michel Foucault. O segundo objetivo, interrelacionado ao primeiro objetivo, será (...) mostrar o quanto as reflexões que desembocaram na concepção “cuidado de si”, vieram à tona porque o fim da análise arqueológica é a reconstituição das práticas concretas de uma época que definiram as condições do dizer e evidenciavam os modos de saber, pois o nível referencial é o nível de maior relevância para a reconstituição histórica das práticas discursivas por fontes discursivas. Esse método trouxe à luz, a ideia de que o trabalho fundamental da arte, de que temos de cuidar, a área principal à qual se deve aplicar valores estéticos, é a si próprio, à própria existência. Consequentemente, para esse pesquisador, não temos que escolher entre o nosso mundo e o mundo grego, desde que se possa ver que alguns dos princípios mais importantes de nossa ética têm sido relacionados num certo momento a uma estética da existência. Palavras-chave: Enunciado; Referencial; Formação dos objetos; Cuidado de si; Foucault. On the methodological continuity in Michel Foucault: from the foundation of a theory of the statement to the care of the self Abstract: One of the difficulties in understanding the category of enunciation in Michel Foucault's thought is related to multiple tautological definitions of this category in the book The archeology of knowledge. The first objective of this article is to offer a description of the statement and its intimate dependence on the referential level in Michel Foucault's archaeological thought. The second objective, interrelated to the first objective, will show how the reflections that led to the concept of “self-care”, came to light because the end of the archaeological analysis is the reconstitution of the concrete practices of an era that defined the conditions of saying and evidenced the ways of knowing, because the referential level is the most relevant level for the historical reconstruction of discursive practices by discursive sources. This method brought to light, the idea that the fundamental work of art, that we have to take care of, the main area to which aesthetic values ​​must be applied, is itself, to existence itself. Consequently, for this researcher, we do not have to choose between our world and the Greek world, as long as it can be seen that some of the most important principles of our ethics have been related at a certain moment to an aesthetics of existence. Key-words: Statement; Referential; Formation of objects; Self-care; Foucault. Sobre la continuidad metodológica en Michel Foucault: de la fundación de una teoría del enunciado al cuidado del yo Resumen: Una de las dificultades para comprender la categoría de enunciaciado en el pensamiento de Michel Foucault está relacionada con las múltiples definiciones tautológicas de esta categoría en el libro La arqueología del saber. El primer objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una descripción del enunciado y su íntima dependencia del nivel referencial en el pensamiento arqueológico de Michel Foucault. El segundo objetivo, interrelacionado con el primero, será mostrar cómo las reflexiones que llevaron al concepto de “cuidado de sií”, salieron a la luz porque el fin del análisis arqueológico es la reconstitución de las prácticas concretas de una época que definió las condiciones del decir y evidenció las formas de conocer, porque el nivel referencial es el nivel más relevante para la reconstrucción histórica de prácticas discursivas por fuentes discursivas. Este método sacó a la luz la idea de que la obra de arte fundamental, que tenemos que cuidar, el ámbito principal al que se deben aplicar los valores estéticos, es ella misma, la existencia misma. En consecuencia, para este investigador, no tenemos que elegir entre nuestro mundo y el mundo griego, siempre y cuando se pueda constatar que algunos de los principios más importantes de nuestra ética se han relacionado en un momento determinado con una estética de la existencia. Palabra clave: Enunciado; Referencial; Formación de objetos; Cuidado de sí; Foucault. Data de registro: 24/02/2021 Data de aceite: 01/12/2021. (shrink)

In this article, the authors operationalize the intersection of gender and race in survey research. Using quantitative data from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality, they investigate how gender/racial stereotypes about African Americans affect Whites’ attitudes about two types of affirmative action programs: job training and education and hiring and promotion. The authors find that gender/racial prejudice towards Black women and Black men influences Whites’ opposition to affirmative action at different levels than negative attitudes towards Blacks as a group. Prejudice (...) toward Black women has a larger effect on Whites’ policy preferences than does prejudice toward Black men or Blacks in general. In future research, survey methodologists should develop better intersectional measures to further document these gender/racial attitudes. (shrink)

Phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinases (PI3Ks) are lipid kinases that produce 3‐phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol upon activation by various cues. These 3‐phosphorylated lipids bind to various protein effectors to control many cellular functions. Lipid phosphatases such as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) terminate PI3K‐derived signals and are critical to ensure appropriate signaling outcomes. Many lines of evidence indicate that PI3Ks and PTEN, as well as some specific lipid effectors are highly compartmentalized, either in plasma membrane nanodomains or in endosomal compartments. We examine the evidence (...) for specific recruitment of PI3Ks, PTEN, and other related enzymes to membrane nanodomains and endocytic compartments. We then examine the hypothesis that scaffolding of the sources (PI3Ks), terminators (PTEN), and effectors of these lipid signals with a common plasma membrane nanodomain may achieve highly localized lipid signaling and ensure selective activation of specific effectors. This highlights the importance of spatial regulation of PI3K signaling in various physiological and disease contexts. (shrink)

Resumo: O artigo tem por objetivo analisar no aforismo 23, da segunda dissertação da Genealogia da Moral, a seguinte afirmação: “Loucura e não pecado! Vocês compreendem?”.: The article aims to analyse in aphorism 23, from the second dissertation of the On the Genealogy of Morals, the following statement by Nietzsche: “Madness and not sin! Do you understand?”.

Objective:A growing body of evidence supports the effectiveness of body-oriented interventions in educational contexts, showing positive influences on social-emotional competence. Nevertheless, there is a lack of systematization of the evidence regarding preschool years. This is a two-part systematic review. In this first part, we aim to examine the effects of BOI on preschoolers' social-emotional competence outcomes.Data Sources:Searches were conducted in Pubmed, Scopus, PsycInfo, ERIC, Web of Science, Portal Regional da BVS and CINAHL.Eligibility Criteria:English, French and Portuguese language articles published between (...) January 2000 and October 2020, that evaluated the effects of BOI implemented in educational contexts on social-emotional competence of preschool children. Only randomized controlled trials or quasi-RCT were included.Data Extraction and Synthesis:Two reviewers independently completed data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment. The level of scientific evidence was measured through the Best Evidence Synthesis.Results:Nineteen studies were included. There was strong evidence that BOI do not improve anger/aggression, delay of gratification and altruism. Nevertheless, there was moderate evidence that BOI effectively improve other social-emotional outcomes, such as empathy, social interaction, social independence, general internalizing behaviors, and general externalizing behaviors. The lack of scientific evidence was compromised by the methodological quality of the studies.Conclusion:BOI effectively improve specific social-emotional competences of preschool children.Systematic Review Registration:PROSPERO, identifier CRD42020172248. (shrink)

Pensar a Brasil en el contexto del Bicentenario de la Independencia fue nuestra propuesta. Las celebraciones que prosiguieron al año de 1822 fueron, todas ellas, de carácter oficial y con tenor estatal, para no decir del gobierno. Su misión era conmemorar la libertad, la idea de un futuro promisor, de nación libre y, para esto, se recordaba a las fuerzas armadas, responsables oficiales por la sustentación del grito de “independencia o muerte”, tan evocado en los libros de historia de Brasil (...) y tan reverberado, generación tras generación de brasileños y brasileñas. Nuestra idea de conmemoración – rememorar, evocar, recordar – sin embargo, fue pensada a partir de la academia, del lugar guiado por la investigación, por la ciencia y, por lo tanto, es una conmemoración que involucra la construcción de un conocimiento. Por esto, la propuesta fue la de reunir investigadores de diferentes áreas del conocimiento en la producción de un monográfico que tratara sobre las varias caras de la Historia Brasileña y que revelara al mundo los diferentes matices que tiene esa historia. (shrink)

In 1751, LEONHARD EULER established “harmony” between two principles that had been stated by PIERRE-LOUIS-MOREAU DE MAUPERTUIS a few years earlier. These principles are intended to be the foundations of Mechanics; they are the principle of rest and the principle of least action.My claim is that the way in which “harmony” is achieved sets the foundations of so called Analytical Mechanics: it discloses the physical bases of the general ideas, concepts, and motivations of the formalism. My paper intends to show (...) what those physical bases are, and how a picture of the formalism issues from them. This picture is shown to be recast in JOSEPH-LOUIS LAGRANGES justification of the formalism, which strengthens my claim. (shrink)

Este artículo busca describir y analizar de manera general los diferentes mecanismos y elementos de la política pública que facilitan el movimiento y/o la expansión de los agricultores de la soja, en el Estado de Mato Grosso y específicamente en la municipalidad de Sorriso, y las principales consecuencias económicas, sociales y ambientales. El trabajo está estructurado en cuatro partes. La primera caracteriza y describe los principales mecanismos con que la política pública favorece la expansión y/o ocupación de la soja en (...) el Estado de Mato Grosso. La segunda muestra las principales consecuencias sociales y medioambientales que acompañan al modelo de producción. La tercera plantea la necesidad de “políticas públicas de promoción” y modelos organizacionales como arreglos, innovaciones y sistemas productivos, que consideren las condiciones económicas locales. Finalmente se exponen las conclusiones. (shrink)

This article has as its theme the relationship between "power", "reason" and "religion" in O alienista, one of the central texts of Machado de Assis, written in 1881 and initially published in eleven chapters, between October 1881 and March 1882. It is intended to identify and analyze the power relations between the State ("Throne") and the Catholic Church ("Altar"); as well as to highlight the relations between "reason" (science) and its "absence" (madness); without neglecting the Machadian denunciations and criticisms of (...) scientism prevailing in the nineteenth century. To do so, at first, it is presented, even if summarily, the Author and the Tale; in a second moment, shedding lights on its "space", "time" and "action" its plot, necessary assumption for the last moment, where the "Power", "Reason" and "Religion" will be analyzed. This research is justified by the relevance of the author, the place that the alienist occupies in the set of his works, as well as the social relevance of his ironic criticisms. In this analysis, a bibliographic method of critical-analytical reading of the Tale was used, using also the interpretations of some scholars, listed in the References. (shrink)

Dialoguing with, but going beyond the current history of realist thought in International Relations, the article reflects on how German émigrés contributed to the reception of Realpolitik in the Anglophone political discourse in the form of political realism. It pursues the origins of the concept in mid-nineteenth-century Germany, its first reception in the US by American-born intellectuals, and by German émigrés one century later. Focusing on the work of Hans Morgenthau, it suggests that the theory of political realism stands as (...) an inheritor of Realpolitik, as a phenomenon of cultural accommodation, though not without distortions and reinterpretations. Understanding Morgenthau’s experience in broader social, political, and academic contexts throughout this reception process may help to better understand his own contribution to the scientification of realism. (shrink)

Heidegger affirmed traditional technology, but was opposed to science-based modern technology, in which everything (including man) is considered to be a mere “resource”. This opposition was expressed in the form of deep questioning and a suspicion of superficial evaluation, because the true nature of things was often concealed, though disclosed at times. Ways in which engineers should question technology are proposed, highlighting some of the hazards and injustices associated with technology and also its subtle sociological and psychological influences. The demands (...) of engineering ethics and the use of metaphor in design are other ways in which a narrowly rationalistic technological outlook can be confronted. (shrink)

The central theme of the present study is the importance of "Peace" in Norberto Bobbio's thematic trilogy, namely: Democracy, Human Rights, and Peace, as interconnected and necessary elements for historical and social progress. The objective is to explore the interaction between Democracy, Human Rights, and Peace, advocated by Bobbio, and its significance for the construction of a just and peaceful society. The relationship between Democracy, Human Rights, and Peace as essential components of a historical movement towards social progress will be (...) discussed; the doctrines justifying war will be analyzed, and their validity in the atomic age will be questioned; the necessary conditions to achieve Peace, including non-aggression pacts and the establishment of rules for the peaceful resolution of conflicts, will be highlighted; the lack of authority of the United Nations (UN) and the need for an "effective international power" to guarantee global peace will be examined. The study of Bobbio's thematic trilogy is relevant to understanding the importance of the interaction between Democracy, Human Rights, and Peace in the pursuit of a just and peaceful society. Moreover, the analysis of doctrines justifying war and the necessary conditions to achieve Peace contributes to a critical reflection on contemporary challenges related to global security and Human Rights. The study is based on the analysis of Norberto Bobbio's writings on Democracy, Human Rights, and Peace, examining his ideas and arguments throughout his extensive body of work. The research involves a theoretical and critical approach, interpreting Bobbio's major contributions on these topics. The results highlight the interdependence between Democracy, Human Rights, and Peace, emphasizing their relevance for social and historical progress. Furthermore, the research underscores the need to rethink doctrines justifying war in the atomic age and the importance of establishing an effective international authority to promote global peace. (shrink)

The purpose of this work is to think about the thematics of the inventive formation of teachers crossed by the aesthetic activity of self writing. Therefore, we echo the question made by Maurice Blanchot when we confront the language of research in education linked to the requirement for its discontinuity, so that the written word is plural and involved with the movement of an aesthetic experience: “How to write in such a way that the continuity of the movement of writing (...) might let interruption as meaning, and rupture as form, intervene fundamentally?” Two axes of analysis and intervention were investigated: the notion of self writing of Michel Foucault and the idea of text and outside the text of René Lourau. There are circles that aim to guide the reader in the trajectories of the research on inventive teacher formation and their diaristic fragments. The circles are not separated, but meet each other and resonate with the axes of self writing, of the text and of the outside the text, these being: research with; cartography; research diary and writing restitution. There are inventive resonances, where each diary fragment, more than being a fragment, is the expression of an action that constitutes effective practices open to intensities and differences. However, the work of the diary is reversed by taking it away from the standard, to be able to treat it closer to alterity, to the ethical, aesthetic and political subjectivity processes of inventive teacher formation. (shrink)

O que se pretende com o título: O Pensamento [do Ser] da Técnica em Heidegger é enfatizar o pensamento. Isso porque, mais do que dar um diagnóstico definitivo para a questão da técnica atual, Heidegger pretendeu acentuá-la como questão que faz pensar o pensamento, isto é, o próprio homem em sua possibilidade de se relacionar livremente com aquilo que é seu destino: a técnica. Como se relacionar livremente com a técnica sendo ela nosso destino? Se há uma resposta heideggeriana a (...) essa questão deve ser: através do asseguramento do pensamento em sua essência, em sua piedade: o questionar. Daí porque temos a Carta sobre o humanismo como norte e pano de fundo de nosso texto, muito mais que A questão da técnica, de 1953, na qual ele define a sua essência moderna, muito embora ali também seja essa a questão. Nosso projeto de texto se dá em dois momentos básicos, nos quais indicamos dois aspectos do pensamento do ser em Heidegger que nos permite uma relação livre com a técnica: a possibilidade e o nada. Este último a ser desenvolvido posteriormente. Aqui apresentamos a parte I.: What it is aimed with this title “The Thought [of Being] of Tecnhique in Heidegger” is to emphasize the thought. This is because, more than giving a definitive diagnosis to the question of the present technique, Heidegger sought to accentuate it as a question that makes you think the thought, that is, man himself in his ability to relate freely with what is your destination: technique. How to relate freely with the technology if it is our destiny? If there is a Heidegger's answer to this question it should be: through the securing of thought in its essence, in your mercy: the questioning. That is why we have the “Letter on Humanism” as the North and background of our text, much more than “The question of technology”, from 1953, in which it defines its modern essence, although there is also the same question. Our text appears in two basic moments in which we indicate two aspects of the thought of being in Heidegger that allows us a free relationship with technology: the possibility and the nothing. The last part will be developed later. Here it is the part I. Key words: Heidegger. Being. Technology. Thought. Possibility. (shrink)

This research investigates 3- and 5-year-olds' relative fairness in distributing small collections of even or odd numbers of more or less desirable candies, either with an adult experimenter or between two dolls. The authors compare more than 200 children from around the world, growing up in seven highly contrasted cultural and economic contexts, from rich and poor urban areas, to small-scale traditional and rural communities. Across cultures, young children tend to optimize their own gain, not showing many signs of self-sacrifice (...) or generosity. Already by 3 years of age, self-optimizing in distributive justice is based on perspective taking and rudiments of mind reading. By 5 years, overall, children tend to show more fairness in sharing. What varies across cultures is the magnitude of young children's self-interest. More fairness (less self-interest) in distributive justice is evident by children growing up in small-scale urban and traditional societies thought to promote more collective values. (shrink)

Em 1968, Herbert Marcuse proferiu um discurso ao Conservatório de Música da Nova Inglaterra. Trata-se de um texto do teórico crítico voltado exclusivamente para a música. No Discurso, Marcuse mobiliza autores como Adorno, Hegel e Schopenhauer, e também músicos como Bach, Mahler e Schoenberg, explicitando as relações entre a música e a realidade estabelecida. O resumo e as palavras-chave são de autoria do tradutor.

Cet article traite de christianisme ancien, de littérature apocalyptique et de gnose, trois champs de recherche liés à ma recherche doctorale, dans le but de discuter de leur réception dans l’espace public contemporain. Les différents exemples donnés dans ce texte montrent bien que cet espace public contemporain est toujours friand de sujets religieux, en particulier dans les domaines cités. Il est vrai que cet intérêt a été moussé par des ouvrages de fiction et des livres qui utilisent le christianisme comme (...) arrière-plan, mais sans être au courant des recherches actuelles. Le rôle du chercheur en sciences des religions apparaît donc crucial et reste au centre de l’ensemble des considérations réunies ici. (shrink)

L’argument principal de cet article est qu’il n’y a pas d’incompatibilité entre les explications physicalistes et l’idée de conscience phénoménale. Ayant comme référence une analyse de certaines propriétés sui generis de la conscience phénoménale, nous avons l’intention de souligner que l’apparente incompatibilité entre le mental et le physique peut être éliminée. De façon plus précise, nous soutenons la thèse selon laquelle les propriétés sui generis des événements mentaux, connues comme qualia, sont des propriétés physiques. Ces propriétés constitueraient, comme l’affirme Tye, (...) les contenus représentationnels nonconceptuels de nos expériences. En outre, ces propriétés sont des inputs des processus physiques dont les outputs seraient des états intentionnels avec des contenus propositionnels.The main argument of this paper is that there is no gap between physicalist explanations and phenomenal consciousness, as a matter of principle. Based on an analysis of certain sui generis properties of phenomenal consciousness, I aim to demonstrate that the apparent explanatory gap between the mental and the physical can be eliminated. More specifically, I want to defend the claim that the so-called sui generis qualities of mental events, referred to as qualia, are physical properties. These properties would constitute, as Tye puts it, the nonconceptual representational content of our conscious experiences. Moreover, they are the input of physical processes whose output would be intentional states with propositional content. (shrink)

IntroductionThere is a need to maintain rehabilitation activities and motivate movement and physical activity during quarantine in individuals with Cerebral Palsy.ObjectiveThis paper sets out to evaluate the feasibility and potential benefits of using computer serious game in a non-immersive virtual reality implemented and evaluated completely remotely in participants with CP for Home-Based Telerehabilitation during the quarantine period for COVID-19.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional design, a total of 44 individuals participated in this study between March and June 2020, 22 of which had CP (...) and 22 typically developing individuals, matched by age and sex to the individuals with CP. Participants practiced a coincident timing game1 and we measured movement performance and physical activity intensity using the rating of perceived exertion Borg scale.ResultsAll participants were able to engage with the VR therapy remotely, reported enjoying sessions, and improved performance in some practice moments. The most important result in this cross-sectional study was the significant increasing in rating of perceived exertion in both groups during practice and with CP presenting a higher rating of perceived exertion.ConclusionChildren with CP enjoyed participating, were able to perform at the same level as their peers on certain activities and increased both their performance and physical activity intensity when using the game, supporting the use of serious games for this group for home therapy and interactive games.Clinical Trials Registrationhttps://Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04402034. Registered on May 20, 2020. (shrink)

Resumo: O artigo parte do problema apontado por Michel Foucault na primeira aula do curso A Hermenêutica do sujeito, datada de 6/01/1982, a saber: o que se passa com o ser do sujeito em sua relação com a verdade? Para desenvolver tal indagação, o filósofo analisa, entre outros aspectos, saberes e práticas característicos da espiritualidade no período de ouro do cuidado de si (séculos I e II). Além de acompanhá-lo em parte desse percurso, pretendemos, com nosso texto, pôr em cena (...) as inflexões que ele implica tanto para o campo da psicologia como para o da formação de professores. Em ambos, é comum que emerjam polêmicas quanto às teorias a adotar como base para uma intervenção mais eficaz ou, preferencialmente, mais crítica. A diferenciação clássica entre ciências naturais e ciências humanas jamais se ausenta desse debate. O presente artigo adota caminho distinto, pois buscamos um modo de arrancar de nossas entranhas o momento cartesiano, arriscando-nos a adotar posturas antipsicologistas e eventualmente antiepistemológicas. Melhor dizendo, indagamos: como, na psicologia e na educação, a constituição de si por si mesmo pode se transformar em uma ética metodológica (ou metodologia ética) de trabalho? Palavras-chave: cuidado de si; espiritualidade; momento cartesiano; psicologia; educação Refusing the Cartesian model: How to equip oneself in psychology and education? Abstract: The present article starts from the problem pointed out by Michel Foucault in the first class of the course The Hermeneutics of the subjetict, dated 6/01/1982, namely: what happens to the being of the subject in its relation to truth? In order to develop this question, the philosopher analyzes, among other aspects, knowledge and practices characteristic of spirituality in the golden period of the care of the self (1st and 2nd centuries). Besides accompanying him in part, we intend, with our text, to put into scene the inflections that implies both for the field of psychology and for the field of teacher’s training. In both fields, it is common for polemics to emerge regarding the theories to be adopted as a basis for a more effective or, preferably, more critical intervention. The differentiation classic between natural sciences and human sciences is never absent from this debate. The present article adopts a different path, for seek a way to pull the Cartesian moment out of our guts, risking to adopt anti-psychological and eventually anti-epistemological postures. Better saying, we inquire how, in psychology and education, the constitution of the self for its own sake can become a methodological ethics (or ethical methodology) of work? Key-words: self-care; spirituality; Cartesian moment; psychology; education Rechazar el modelo cartesiano: ¿Cómo equiparse en psicología y educación? Resúmen: El artículo parte del problema señalado por Michel Foucault en la primera clase do curso La Hermenéutica del sujeto, realizada el 6/01/1982, a saber: ¿qué sucede con el ser del sujeto en su relación con la verdad? Para desarrollar esta cuestión, el filósofo analiza, entre otros aspectos, los conocimientos y las prácticas propias de la espiritualidad en el período de oro del cuidado del yo (siglos I y II). Además de acompañarlo en parte em el camino, nuestro texto pretende destacar las inflexiones que él implica tanto para el campo de la psicología como para el de la formación de maestros. En ambos, es común que surjan controversias en cuanto a las teorías que deben adoptarse como base para una intervención más eficaz o, preferiblemente, más crítica. La diferenciación clásica entre ciencias naturales y ciencias humanas nunca está ausente de este debate. El presente artículo adopta un camino diferente, ya que buscamos una forma de arrancar de dentro, el momento cartesiano, arriesgándonos a adoptar posturas antipsicológicas y, eventualmente antiepistemológicas. Mejor dicho, indagamos ¿cómo, en psicología y educación, la constitución del yo por sí mismo puede convertirse en una ética metodológica (o metodología ética) del trabajo? Palabras clave: cuidado de si; espiritualidad; momento cartesiano; psicología; educación Data de registro: 11/07/2022 Data de aceite: 26/10/2022. (shrink)

Resumo Neste texto, investiga-se o conceito de intencionalidade presente no pensamento de Hannah Arendt. Termo proveniente da fenomenologia husserliana, a intencionalidade designa que a consciência sempre se movimenta em direção a um objeto, de modo que, para Husserl, se trata aqui de um atributo do ego transcendental. Arendt, em sua obra póstuma, faz um deslocamento do conceito: a intencionalidade passa a ser compreendida não apenas como algo vinculado a um sujeito, mas, sobretudo às aparências. Desse modo, assim como o sujeito (...) coloca em questão o objeto visado pela consciência, também o fenômeno pressupõe uma subjetividade embutida, isto é, as aparências se doam intencionalmente àqueles que captam suas aparições. Essa relação intencional, todavia, só faz sentido, no pensamento de Arendt, caso se coloque em questão a pluralidade humana como conjunto de seres capazes de apreender as aparências, a partir de uma experiência que só é possível mediante a própria pluralidade. Assim, a pensadora rechaça o sujeito cognoscente isolado como critério de verdade e sentido, proporcionando uma interpretação da relação homens e mundo, como perspectiva pela qual se pode chegar a uma compreensão intersubjetiva da realidade.At this text, I make an effort to research the concept of intentionality present in Hannah Arendt’s thought. Formulated by Brentano, but with a larger reach with Husserlian phenomenology, the intentionality designates that the consciousness always move itself towards an object, in this case, for Husserl, this is a transcendental ego’s attribute. Arendt, in her posthumous work, displaces the concept: intentionality becomes not only something attached to the subject, but, also, it is linked to the appearances. In this way, just as the subject postulates the object targeted by consciousness, so the phenomenon presupposes some built-in subjectivity, i.e., the appearances donates intentionally themselves to those who perceive their appearances. This relational intentionality, however, only makes sense, in Arendt’s thought, if we highlight human plurality of a group of beings capable of apprehending appearances from a kind of experience that is only possible through plurality itself. Thus, the German-Jewish thinker rejects the isolated subject as a criterion of truth and meaning, providing an interpretation about the relation between men and world as a perspective through which we can reach an intersubjective understanding of reality. (shrink)

Resumo: Tendo em conta que 2020 foi o ano de celebração do centenário de nascimento de Celso Furtado, como singela homenagem, neste artigo procuramos oferecer uma introdução preliminar sobre a recepção da filosofia de Nietzsche na obra do economista brasileiro. Celso Furtado é um dos pensadores mais influentes no campo da economia-política na América Latina. Mas ninguém ainda pesquisou a dimensão filosófica de seu pensamento. Não obstante, é possível discorrer que ele pensou a economia sob um ponto de vista crítico-filosófico. (...) Para comprovar essa hipótese, pretendemos evidenciar três aspectos conceituais por ele apropriados da filosofia de Nietzsche. São eles: a criatividade e/ou criação, para pensar o seu papel como agente motor de desenvolvimento da civilização industrial; a transvaloração de todos os valores, para pensar a relevância dos valores morais para os centros de decisões dos meios e dos fins da produção e distribuição do capital; e o perspectivismo, para pensar a economia como uma totalidade composta por múltiplas perspectivas estruturais.: Taking into account that 2020 was the year of celebration of the centenary of Celso Furtado's birth, as a simple tribute, in this article we seek to offer a preliminary introduction on the reception of Nietzsche's philosophy in the work of the Brazilian economist. Celso Furtado is one of the most influential thinkers in the field of political economy in Latin America. But no one has yet researched his philosophical dimension of thought. Nevertheless, it is possible to say that he thought economics from a critical-philosophical point of view. To prove this hypothesis, we intend to highlight three conceptual aspects that he appropriated from Nietzsche's philosophy. They are: creativity and / or creation, to think about its role as a driving agent for the development of industrial civilization; the transvalue of all values, to think about the relevance of moral values to the decision-making centers of the means and ends of capital production and distribution; and perspectivism, to think of the economy as a totality composed of multiple structural perspectives. (shrink)

This paper describes how some aspects of Martin Heidegger’s philosophy resonate strongly with an engineering outlook. He argued that practice was more “primordial” than theory, though preserving an important role for theoretical understanding as well, thus speaking to the gap between engineering education (highly theoretical) and engineering practice (mostly empirical). He also underlined the reality of “average” practices into which we are socialized, though affirming the potential for original work and action too, thus providing the grounds for self-actualization whether within (...) the routine or in transcending it. His notion of “thrownness” emphasizes the importance of context, with which engineers are constantly engaged. While all this relates to the idea of our “being”, Heidegger also dealt with the influence of time on our practices. Future death could be seen as spurring innovation, cultural history as a source for critiquing current practice and the present “situation” as the immediate context for corrective action. His major book is appropriately called “Being and Time”.1. (shrink)

This paper is concerned with the introduction of statistical concepts in the molecular theory of heat. In particular, we analyse the arguments invoked by Clausius between 1857 and 1862, and the motivation presented by Maxwell in 1860 to introduce his distribution of velocities. We first show that Maxwell's great insight seems to have been the recognition that the dynamical laws of molecular collision and thermal equilibrium could be made compatible only if the theory of heat became statistical. As for Clausius, (...) historians of science have observed that in 1857 he used probabilities to bring regularity to the theory, but have not satisfactorily analysed important features of his use of probabilities in the context of the theory of heat. We show that only in 1862, in order to answer a criticism to his paper of 1858, Clausius gave a meaning to random motion, along the lines proposed by Maxwell, in his paper of 1860. (shrink)

A contemporary serious lack of scientific knowledge by the general public and many decision-makers is now quite perceptible, both globally and in Portugal. Living in a science-driven technological world filled with scientific illiteracy is dangerous and a path toward disaster. Recent years brought a fairly strong global movement promoting the so-called “alternative therapy” that also affected Portugal. I propose an evidence-based ethics reflection and argumentation, both encompassing the global and the specific Portuguese reality. I debate the specific arguments used in (...) favour of alternative therapies, demonstrating the inherent fallacies of thought, deliberate manipulation of words and concepts, and the dire consequences for global and local health politics by following this line of biased reasoning. (shrink)

The article presents a critical evaluation on the concept of justice as equality proposed by John Rawls. Based on the analysis of the latest book written by Rawls the article defends (1) the necessary compromise in any kind of political concept interested in the justice with real and individual f..