Results for 'Computers. '

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  1. Randomness and Recursive Enumerability.Siam J. Comput - unknown
    One recursively enumerable real α dominates another one β if there are nondecreasing recursive sequences of rational numbers (a[n] : n ∈ ω) approximating α and (b[n] : n ∈ ω) approximating β and a positive constant C such that for all n, C(α − a[n]) ≥ (β − b[n]). See [R. M. Solovay, Draft of a Paper (or Series of Papers) on Chaitin’s Work, manuscript, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, 1974, p. 215] and [G. J. (...)
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  2. The fortieth annual lecture series 1999-2000.Brain Computations & an Inevitable Conflict - 2000 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 31:199-200.
  3. Computers, justification, and mathematical knowledge.Konstantine Arkoudas & Selmer Bringsjord - 2007 - Minds and Machines 17 (2):185-202.
    The original proof of the four-color theorem by Appel and Haken sparked a controversy when Tymoczko used it to argue that the justification provided by unsurveyable proofs carried out by computers cannot be a priori. It also created a lingering impression to the effect that such proofs depend heavily for their soundness on large amounts of computation-intensive custom-built software. Contra Tymoczko, we argue that the justification provided by certain computerized mathematical proofs is not fundamentally different from that provided by surveyable (...)
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  4. What Computers Can't Do.H. Dreyfus - 1976 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 27 (2):177-185.
     
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  5. Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design.Terry Winograd & Fernando Flores - 1989 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 20 (1):156-161.
  6. SAD computers and two versions of the Church–Turing thesis.Tim Button - 2009 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 60 (4):765-792.
    Recent work on hypercomputation has raised new objections against the Church–Turing Thesis. In this paper, I focus on the challenge posed by a particular kind of hypercomputer, namely, SAD computers. I first consider deterministic and probabilistic barriers to the physical possibility of SAD computation. These suggest several ways to defend a Physical version of the Church–Turing Thesis. I then argue against Hogarth's analogy between non-Turing computability and non-Euclidean geometry, showing that it is a non-sequitur. I conclude that the Effective version (...)
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  7. Computers and Intractability. A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness.Michael R. Garey & David S. Johnson - 1983 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 48 (2):498-500.
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  8.  8
    Computer Science Logic: 11th International Workshop, CSL'97, Annual Conference of the EACSL, Aarhus, Denmark, August 23-29, 1997, Selected Papers.M. Nielsen, Wolfgang Thomas & European Association for Computer Science Logic - 1998 - Springer Verlag.
    This book constitutes the strictly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Computer Science Logic, CSL '97, held as the 1997 Annual Conference of the European Association on Computer Science Logic, EACSL, in Aarhus, Denmark, in August 1997. The volume presents 26 revised full papers selected after two rounds of refereeing from initially 92 submissions; also included are four invited papers. The book addresses all current aspects of computer science logics and its applications and thus presents the state (...)
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  9.  25
    The Digital Phoenix: How Computers are Changing Philosophy.Terrell Ward Bynum & James Moor (eds.) - 1998 - Cambridge: Blackwell.
    This important book, which results from a series of presentations at American Philosophical Association conferences, explores the major ways in which computers ...
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  10.  21
    Thinking and Computing: Computers as Special Kinds of Signs.James Fetzer - 2001 - The Commens Encyclopedia: The Digital Encyclopedia of Peirce Studies.
    Cognitive science has been dominated by the computational conception that cogniton is computation across representations. To the extent to which cognition is supposed to be a purposive, meaningful, algorithmic, problem-solving activity, however, computers appear to be incapable of cognition. They are devices that can facilitate computations on the basis of semantic grounding relations as special kinds of signs. Even their algorithmic, problem-solving character arises from ther interpretation by human users. Strictly speaking, computers as such–apart from human users–are not only incapable (...)
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  11.  94
    Brains as analog-model computers.Oron Shagrir - 2010 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 41 (3):271-279.
    Computational neuroscientists not only employ computer models and simulations in studying brain functions. They also view the modeled nervous system itself as computing. What does it mean to say that the brain computes? And what is the utility of the ‘brain-as-computer’ assumption in studying brain functions? In previous work, I have argued that a structural conception of computation is not adequate to address these questions. Here I outline an alternative conception of computation, which I call the analog-model. The term ‘analog-model’ (...)
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  12.  19
    Hector freytes, Antonio ledda, Giuseppe sergioli and.Roberto Giuntini & Probabilistic Logics in Quantum Computation - 2013 - In Hanne Andersen, Dennis Dieks, Wenceslao González, Thomas Uebel & Gregory Wheeler (eds.), New Challenges to Philosophy of Science. Springer Verlag. pp. 49.
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  13.  17
    Computers, Guns, and Roses: What's Social about Being Shot?Steve Woolgar & Keith Grint - 1992 - Science, Technology and Human Values 17 (3):366-380.
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  14. Relativistic Computers and the Turing Barrier.István Németi & Gyula Dávid - 2006 - Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computation 178:118--42.
  15.  6
    Astrology, Computers, and the Volksgeist.Denis Dutton - 1995 - Philosophy and Literature 19 (2):424-434.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Astrology, Computers, and the VolksgeistDenis DuttonCarroll Righter is not a name you will recognize, unless, perhaps, you’re old enough and you grew up reading the Los Angeles Times. Righter was the Times’s astrologer, and encountering his name recently brought back a couple of memories from the early 1950s. I remember finding it strange that a man (he was pictured alongside his column) was called Carroll, though he didn’t spell (...)
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  16.  13
    Utopias, Dolphins and Computers: Problems in Philosophical Plumbing.Mary Midgley - 1996 - New York: Routledge.
    Why do the big philosophical questions so often strike us as far-fetched and little to with everyday life? Mary Midgley shows that it need not be that way; she shows that there is a need for philosophy in the real world. Her popularity as one of our foremost philosophers is based on a no-nonsense, down-to-earth approach to fundamental human problems, philosphical or otherwise. In _Utopias, Dolphins and Computers_ she makes her case for philosophy as a difficult but necessary tool for (...)
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  17.  30
    Minds, Brains, Computers: An Historical Introduction to the Foundations of Cognitive Science.Robert M. Harnish (ed.) - 2000 - Wiley-Blackwell.
    _Minds, Brains, Computers_ serves as both an historical and interdisciplinary introduction to the foundations of cognitive science.
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  18. Semiotic Systems, Computers, and the Mind: How Cognition Could Be Computing.William J. Rapaport - 2012 - International Journal of Signs and Semiotic Systems 2 (1):32-71.
    In this reply to James H. Fetzer’s “Minds and Machines: Limits to Simulations of Thought and Action”, I argue that computationalism should not be the view that (human) cognition is computation, but that it should be the view that cognition (simpliciter) is computable. It follows that computationalism can be true even if (human) cognition is not the result of computations in the brain. I also argue that, if semiotic systems are systems that interpret signs, then both humans and computers are (...)
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  19.  16
    Lying, computers and self-awareness.Paulo Castro - 2020 - Kairos 24 (1):10-34.
    From the initial analysis of John Morris in 1976 about if computers can lie, I have presented my own treatment of the problem using what can be called a computational lying procedure. One that uses two Turing Machines. From there, I have argued that such a procedure cannot be implemented in a Turing Machine alone. A fundamental difficulty arises, concerning the computational representation of the self-knowledge a machine should have about the fact that it is lying. Contrary to Morris’ claim, (...)
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  20. Do computers think? (I).Mario Bunge - 1956 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 7 (26):139-148.
  21.  31
    Computers, cognition and philosophy.Robert Wilensky - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3):449-450.
  22.  3
    Astrology, Computers, and the Volksgeist.David Novitz - 1995 - Philosophy and Literature 19 (2):424-434.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Astrology, Computers, and the VolksgeistDenis DuttonCarroll Righter is not a name you will recognize, unless, perhaps, you’re old enough and you grew up reading the Los Angeles Times. Righter was the Times’s astrologer, and encountering his name recently brought back a couple of memories from the early 1950s. I remember finding it strange that a man (he was pictured alongside his column) was called Carroll, though he didn’t spell (...)
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  23.  10
    Examining computers & society 1970--2008.Joseph D. Oldham - 2009 - Acm Sigcas Computers and Society 39 (2):34-42.
    This paper is a review of 39 years of SIGCAS publications in Computers and Society, the newsletter of ACM SIGCAS. The publication is archived in the ACM Digital Library [12]. I set out to examine SIGCAS through its publications.
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  24. Section 2. Model Theory.Va Vardanyan, On Provability Resembling Computability, Proving Aa Voronkov & Constructive Logic - 1989 - In Jens Erik Fenstad, Ivan Timofeevich Frolov & Risto Hilpinen (eds.), Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science Viii: Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, Moscow, 1987. Sole Distributors for the U.S.A. And Canada, Elsevier Science.
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  25. How computers extend artificial morality.Peter Danielson - 1998 - In Terrell Ward Bynum & James Moor (eds.), The Digital Phoenix: How Computers are Changing Philosophy. Cambridge: Blackwell.
  26.  51
    Computers and Self-Knowledge. Schick - 1989 - Thought: Fordham University Quarterly 64 (2):137-145.
  27.  53
    Computers as surrogate agents.Deborah G. Johnson & Thomas M. Powers - 2008 - In M. J. van den Joven & J. Weckert (eds.), Information Technology and Moral Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 251.
  28. Non-Turing Computers and Non-Turing Computability.Mark Hogarth - 1994 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1994:126-138.
    A true Turing machine requires an infinitely long paper tape. Thus a TM can be housed in the infinite world of Newtonian spacetime, but not necessarily in our world, because our world-at least according to our best spacetime theory, general relativity-may be finite. All the same, one can argue for the "existence" of a TM on the basis that there is no such housing problem in some other relativistic worlds that are similar to our world. But curiously enough-and this is (...)
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  29. Do computers think? (II).Mario Bunge - 1956 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 7 (27):212-219.
  30. Can Computers Think?John R. Searle - 2002 - In David J. Chalmers (ed.), Philosophy of Mind: Classical and Contemporary Readings. Oup Usa.
     
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  31. The digital phoenix: how computers are changing philosophy.Terrell Ward Bynum & James Moor (eds.) - 1998 - Malden, MA: Blackwell.
    This important book, which results from a series of presentations at American Philosophical Association conferences, explores the major ways in which computers ...
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  32.  74
    Non-Turing Computers and Non-Turing Computability.Mark Hogarth - 1994 - Psa 1994:126--138.
    A true Turing machine (TM) requires an infinitely long paper tape. Thus a TM can be housed in the infinite world of Newtonian spacetime (the spacetime of common sense), but not necessarily in our world, because our world-at least according to our best spacetime theory, general relativity-may be finite. All the same, one can argue for the "existence" of a TM on the basis that there is no such housing problem in some other relativistic worlds that are similar ("close") to (...)
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  33.  60
    Computers, visualization, and the nature of reasoning.Jon Barwise & John Etchemendy - 1998 - In Terrell Ward Bynum & James Moor (eds.), The Digital Phoenix: How Computers Are Changing Philosophy. Blackwell. pp. 93--116.
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  34.  29
    Logic, computers, and men.Arthur W. Burks - 1972 - Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 46:39-57.
  35.  4
    Computers and the Transformation of Social Analysis.Keith Grint & Steve Woolgar - 1991 - Science, Technology and Human Values 16 (3):368-378.
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  36. Why computers can't feel pain.John Mark Bishop - 2009 - Minds and Machines 19 (4):507-516.
    The most cursory examination of the history of artificial intelligence highlights numerous egregious claims of its researchers, especially in relation to a populist form of ‘strong’ computationalism which holds that any suitably programmed computer instantiates genuine conscious mental states purely in virtue of carrying out a specific series of computations. The argument presented herein is a simple development of that originally presented in Putnam’s (Representation & Reality, Bradford Books, Cambridge in 1988 ) monograph, “Representation & Reality”, which if correct, has (...)
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  37.  78
    Deciding arithmetic using SAD computers.Mark Hogarth - 2004 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 55 (4):681-691.
    Presented here is a new result concerning the computational power of so-called SADn computers, a class of Turing-machine-based computers that can perform some non-Turing computable feats by utilising the geometry of a particular kind of general relativistic spacetime. It is shown that SADn can decide n-quantifier arithmetic but not (n+1)-quantifier arithmetic, a result that reveals how neatly the SADn family maps into the Kleene arithmetical hierarchy. Introduction Axiomatising computers The power of SAD computers Remarks regarding the concept of computability.
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  38. Paul M. kjeldergaard.Pittsburgh Computations Centers - 1968 - In T. Dixon & Deryck Horton (eds.), Verbal Behavior and General Behavior Theory. Prentice-Hall.
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  39.  65
    Utopias, dolphins, and computers: problems in philosophical plumbing.Mary Midgley - 1996 - New York: Routledge.
    In Utopias, Dolphins and Computers Mary Midgley brings philosophy into the real world by using it to consider environmental, educational and gender issues. From "Freedom, Feminism and War" to "Artificial Intelligence and Creativity," this book searches for what is distorting our judgement and helps us to see more clearly the dramas which are unfolding in the world around us. Utopias, Dolphins and Computers aims to counter today's anti-intellectualism, not to mention philosophy's twentieth-century view of itself as futile. Mary Midgley explains (...)
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  40.  29
    Why computers are never likely to be smarter than people.Dr Peter J. Marcer - 1989 - AI and Society 3 (2):142-145.
  41.  8
    Games, computers, and artificial intelligence.Jonathan Schaeffer & H. Jaap van den Herik - 2002 - Artificial Intelligence 134 (1-2):1-7.
  42. Quantum mechanical computers.Richard P. Feynman - 1986 - Foundations of Physics 16 (6):507-531.
    The physical limitations, due to quantum mechanics, on the functioning of computers are analyzed.
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  43.  36
    Can computers feel? theory and design of an emotional system.Nico H. Frijda & Jaap Swagerman - 1987 - Cognition and Emotion 1 (3):235-257.
  44. Thinking computers and the problem of intentionality.Eric Dietrich - 1994 - In Thinking Computers and Virtual Persons. Academic Press.
  45.  19
    Can Computers Help to Sharpen our Understanding of Ontological Arguments?Christoph Benzmüller & David Fuenmayor - 2018 - In Christoph Benzmüller & David Fuenmayor (eds.), Mathematics and Reality, Proceedings of the 11th All India Students' Conference on Science Spiritual Quest, 6-7 October, 2018, IIT Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India. The Bhaktivedanta Institute. pp. 195226.
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  46.  34
    Computers in Abstraction/Representation Theory.Samuel C. Fletcher - 2018 - Minds and Machines 28 (3):445-463.
    Recently, Horsman et al. have proposed a new framework, Abstraction/Representation theory, for understanding and evaluating claims about unconventional or non-standard computation. Among its attractive features, the theory in particular implies a novel account of what is means to be a computer. After expounding on this account, I compare it with other accounts of concrete computation, finding that it does not quite fit in the standard categorization: while it is most similar to some semantic accounts, it is not itself a semantic (...)
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  47. How Downwards Causation Occurs in Digital Computers.George Ellis - manuscript
    Digital computers carry out algorithms coded in high level programs. These abstract entities determine what happens at the physical level: they control whether electrons flow through specific transistors at specific times or not, entailing downward causation in both the logical and implementation hierarchies. This paper explores how this is possible in the light of the alleged causal completeness of physics at the bottom level, and highlights the mechanism that enables strong emergence (the manifest causal effectiveness of application programs) to occur. (...)
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  48. Computers in design education: a case study.Mihai Nadin - unknown
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  49.  34
    The Substantive Impact of Computers on Philosophy Prolegomena to a Computational and Information‐Theoretic Metaphysics.Randall R. Dipert - 2003 - Metaphilosophy 33 (1‐2):146-157.
    I survey in this article the practical uses of computers in philosophy: except for logic, computers have not yet noticeably improved the quality of philosophizing, research, or pedagogy. They have made work easier. My main interest, however, is in the “substantive” impact that computers may have on philosophical problems, especially in metaphysics. I argue that logic, the notion of decidability, and the theory of computation all predated and did not require modern digital computers. In the philosophy of mind, there has (...)
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  50.  16
    Why Computers Can’t Feel Pain.Mark Bishop - 2009 - Minds and Machines 19 (4):507-516.
    The most cursory examination of the history of artificial intelligence highlights numerous egregious claims of its researchers, especially in relation to a populist form of ‘strong’ computationalism which holds that any suitably programmed computer instantiates genuine conscious mental states purely in virtue of carrying out a specific series of computations. The argument presented herein is a simple development of that originally presented in Putnam’s monograph, “Representation & Reality”, which if correct, has important implications for turing machine functionalism and the prospect (...)
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